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Kocaman EM, Şenol O, Yıldırım S, Atamanalp M, Özcan S, Bolat İ, Ucar A, Kiliçlioğlu M, Parlak V, Takkac M, Alak G. Analyzing the impact of synthetic and natural steroids: a study of cytochrome P450 metabolism, morphological alterations through metabolomics, and histopathological Examination. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:628-638. [PMID: 38379298 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2322006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
This study focuses on the comparative metabolic profiling and effects of two steroid types: natural and synthetic, specifically 17α-methyl testosterone (17α-MT) at varying concentrations (1.5, 2, and 3 mg/kg) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Over a 75-day feeding trial, growth metrics, such as feed efficiency, daily specific growth, live weight gain, total weight gain, and survival rate were systematically monitored every 15 days. At the end of the feeding trial, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and metabolome analyses were performed in the high-concentration groups (3 mg/kg natural and 3 mg/kg synthetic), in which the lowest survival rate was determined. Key findings reveal that the type of hormone significantly influences growth parameters. While some natural steroids enhanced certain growth aspects, synthetic variants often yielded better results. The metabolomic analysis highlighted significant shifts in the metabolism of tryptophan, purine, folate, primary bile acids, phosphonates, phosphinates, and xenobiotics via cytochrome P450 pathways. Histopathologically, the natural hormone groups showed similar testicular, hepatic, muscular, gill, cerebral, renal, and intestinal tissue structures to the control, with minor DNA damage and apoptosis observed through immunohistochemistry. Conversely, the synthetic hormone groups exhibited moderate DNA damage and mild degenerative and necrotic changes in histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esat Mahmut Kocaman
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Onur Şenol
- Department of Analytic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yıldırım
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Atamanalp
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sinan Özcan
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - İsmail Bolat
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Arzu Ucar
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Metin Kiliçlioğlu
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Veysel Parlak
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Takkac
- Department of English Language Education, Kazım Karabekir Faculty of Education, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Gonca Alak
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Lal J, Biswas P, Singh SK, Debbarma R, Deb S, Yadav NK, Patel AB. Effects of dietary aromatase inhibitors on masculinization of rosy barb (Pethia conchonius): Evidence from growth, coloration and gonado-physiological changes. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287934. [PMID: 37922256 PMCID: PMC10624304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to reveal the growth, colouration and gonado-physiological changes due to the exogenous aromatase inhibitor (AIs) in an ornamental fish. 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) and letrozole (LET) were used as potential AIs. The AI were supplemented with a gel-based feed (LET: 50, 100, 150 and MT: 12.5, 25, 37.5 mg/kg feed) in Rosy barb, Pethia conchonius fry. The fishes were reared in a 45-L glass tank using AI treated gel-based feed for 3 months. Growth in AI-based diets was reduced but the reduction was minimal compared to the control. At 25 mg/kg feed of 17 MT, the highest male proportion (84.72% 6.05%) was recorded, which was significantly higher (P≤0.05) than other groups. L*, a*, and b* values showed that 17α-MT-fed groups had brighter coloration (P≤0.05). Histological sections showed that LET-17α-MT suppressed ovarian development, causing atretic oocytes. Testicular development was unaffected. 25 mg/kg-treated feed increased SOD, CAT, GST, and GPX. The AI (MT) at 25 mg/kg gel-based feed could therefore be utilised for musculinization without impacting growth, colour, and antioxidant activity of rosy barb, which serves the entire male population in the ornamental fish sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jham Lal
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Tripura, India
| | - Pradyut Biswas
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Tripura, India
| | - Soibam Khogen Singh
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Tripura, India
| | - Reshmi Debbarma
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Tripura, India
| | - Suparna Deb
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Tripura, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Tripura, India
| | - Arun Bhai Patel
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Tripura, India
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Yostawonkul J, Kitiyodom S, Supchukun K, Thumrongsiri N, Saengkrit N, Pinpimai K, Hajitou A, Thompson KD, Rattanapinyopituk K, Maita M, Kamble MT, Yata T, Pirarat N. Masculinization of Red Tilapia ( Oreochromis spp.) Using 17α-Methyltestosterone-Loaded Alkyl Polyglucosides Integrated into Nanostructured Lipid Carriers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081364. [PMID: 37106927 PMCID: PMC10135129 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to optimize a masculinization platform for the production of all-male red tilapia fry by oral administration of 30 and 60 ppm of MT and alkyl polyglucoside nanostructured lipid carriers (APG-NLC) loaded with MT, respectively, for 14 and 21 days. The characterization, encapsulation efficiency and release kinetics of MT in lipid-based nanoparticles were assessed in vitro. The results showed that the MT-loaded nanoparticles were spherical, ranging from 80 to 125 nm in size, and had a negative charge with a narrow particle distribution. The APG-NLC loaded with MT provided higher physical stability and encapsulation efficacy than the NLC. The release rate constants of MT from MT-NLC and MT-APG-NLC were higher than those of free MT, which is insoluble in aqueous media. There was no significant difference in survival between the fish administered MT or the those fed orally with MT-APG-NLC fish. According to the logistic regression analysis, the sex reversal efficacy of MT-APG-NLC (30 ppm) and MT (60 ppm), resulted in significantly higher numbers of males after 21 days of treatment compared with the controls. The production cost of MT-APG-NLC (30 ppm) after 21 days of treatment was reduced by 32.9% compared with the conventional MT treatment group (60 ppm). In all the treatments, the length-weight relationship (LWR) showed negatively allomeric growth behavior (b < 3), with a relative condition factor (Kn) of more than 1. Therefore, MT-APG-NLC (30 ppm) would seem to be a promising, cost-effective way to reduce the dose of MT used for the masculinization of farmed red tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakarwan Yostawonkul
- The International Graduate Course of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sirikorn Kitiyodom
- Wildlife, Exotic and Aquatic Animal Pathology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kittipat Supchukun
- The International Graduate Course of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nutthanit Thumrongsiri
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Nattika Saengkrit
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Komkiew Pinpimai
- Aquatic Resources Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Amin Hajitou
- Cancer Phagotherapy, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Kasem Rattanapinyopituk
- Wildlife, Exotic and Aquatic Animal Pathology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Masashi Maita
- Laboratory of Fish Health Management, Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Manoj Tukaram Kamble
- Wildlife, Exotic and Aquatic Animal Pathology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Teerapong Yata
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nopadon Pirarat
- Wildlife, Exotic and Aquatic Animal Pathology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Farias RDS, Oliveira KRDS, de Souza ME, Ferreira DA, Silva AADN, da Silva VA, Dunham R, Coimbra MRM. Effect of dosage of orally administered 17α-methyltestosterone on sex reversion of the yellowtail tetra Astyanax lacustris (Lütken, 1875). Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20220080. [PMID: 36922988 PMCID: PMC10010158 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2022-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The females of yellowtail tetra (Astyanax lacustris), known as the freshwater sardine, are approximately 1.33 times larger than males, and thus, all-female monosex culture would increase production and reduce size variability. The present work aimed to identify the optimal dose of 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) to be used in the masculinization of A. lacustris for indirect sex reversal. Three different concentrations of MT (20, 40, and 60 mg/kg of feed in the diet) were fed to the fry for 30 days. Thirty adult individuals from each treatment, including the control (0 mg MT/kg), were evaluated for gonadal development, morphological and histological sexual identification, zootechnical performance, and the possible genotoxic effect caused by prolonged exposure to MT. MT significantly (P<0.01) affected the differentiation of the gonads, with the presence of possible inhibitory effects in all treatments. Intersex individuals were present in the 20 and 60 mg MT/kg treatments. All treatments were able to masculinize A. lacustris and the treatment with the lowest hormone concentration produced the highest percentage of males 76.7%, while the control had 46.7% males. The presence of erythrocyte nuclear alterations indicated a possible cytotoxic effect of MT in treatments 40 and 60 mg MT/kg, however, the use of the hormone did not affect the growth and the survival of the individuals. Thus, the use of MT is a viable option for obtaining neomales as a first step into the production of all-female progenies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata da Silva Farias
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | | | | | - Dijaci Araújo Ferreira
- Colégio Agrícola Dom Agostinho Ikas, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, São Lourenço da Mata, PE, Brasil
| | | | - Valdemiro Amaro da Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Rex Dunham
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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