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Wang N, Warren S, May PJ. Mesencephalic trigeminal neuron dendritic structures in the macaque. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38924671 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
It is presumed that the unusual central location of mesencephalic trigeminal neurons is a specialization that allows them to receive synaptic input. However, relatively few synaptic terminals were observed on the somata of mesencephalic trigeminal neurons in macaque monkeys via electron microscopy. This leaves the question of dendritic synaptic terminals open. Unlike the pseudounipolar neurons found in the trigeminal ganglion, some mesencephalic trigeminal neurons have been reported to be multipolar cells exhibiting a number of dendritic processes in non-primate species. To examine whether this morphological feature was also present in macaque monkeys, we retrogradely filled these cells with biotinylated dextran amine by injecting it into the trigeminal nerve entry zone. A portion of the mesencephalic trigeminal neurons exhibited short, poorly branched, dendritic processes. They also exhibited very fine, short processes believed to be somatic spines. Thus, primate trigeminal mesencephalic neurons appear to have specializations aimed at increasing the membrane surface area available for synaptic input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niping Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Susan Warren
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Paul J May
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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2
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Wang N, May PJ. The ultrastructure of macaque mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus neurons. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:295-307. [PMID: 38040856 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06746-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Primary afferents originating from the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus provide the main source of proprioceptive information guiding mastication, and thus represent an important component of this critical function. Unlike those of other primary afferents, their cell bodies lie within the central nervous system. It is believed that this unusual central location allows them to be regulated by synaptic input. In this study, we explored the ultrastructure of macaque mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus neurons to determine the presence and nature of this synaptic input in a primate. We first confirmed the location of macaque mesencephalic trigeminal neurons by retrograde labeling from the masticatory muscles. Since the labeled neurons were by far the largest cells located at the edge of the periaqueductal gray, we could undertake sampling for electron microscopy based on soma size. Ultrastructurally, mesencephalic trigeminal neurons had very large somata with euchromatic nuclei that sometimes displayed deeply indented nuclear membranes. Terminal profiles with varied vesicle characteristics and synaptic density thicknesses were found in contact with either their somatic plasma membranes or somatic spines. However, in contradistinction to other, much smaller, somata in the region, the plasma membranes of the mesencephalic trigeminal somata had only a few synaptic contacts. They did extend numerous somatic spines of various lengths into the neuropil, but most of these also lacked synaptic contact. The observed ultrastructural organization indicates that macaque trigeminal mesencephalic neurons do receive synaptic contacts, but despite their central location, they only avail themselves of very limited input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niping Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
| | - Paul J May
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
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3
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Falardeau D, Dubois S, Kolta A. The coordination of chewing. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 83:102805. [PMID: 37913688 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Feeding behavior involves a complex organization of neural circuitry and interconnected pathways between the cortex, the brainstem, and muscles. Elevated synchronicity is required starting from the moment the animal brings the food to its mouth, chews, and initiates subsequent swallowing. Moreover, orofacial sensory and motor systems are coordinated in a way to optimize movement patterns as a result of integrating information from premotor neurons. Recent studies have uncovered significant discoveries employing various and creative techniques in order to identify key components in these vital functions. Here, we attempt to provide a brief overview of our current knowledge on orofacial systems. While our focus will be on recent breakthroughs regarding the masticatory machinery, we will also explore how it is sometimes intertwined with other functions, such as swallowing and limb movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Falardeau
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l'Apprentissage (CIRCA), QC, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medecine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sophia Dubois
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l'Apprentissage (CIRCA), QC, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medecine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Arlette Kolta
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l'Apprentissage (CIRCA), QC, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medecine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada.
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4
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Zhao YJ, Liu Y, Wang J, Li Q, Zhang ZM, Tu T, Lei R, Zhang M, Chen YJ. Activation of the Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus Contributes to Masseter Hyperactivity Induced by Chronic Restraint Stress. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:841133. [PMID: 35480958 PMCID: PMC9035558 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.841133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress is commonly accepted to be closely associated with masticatory muscle disorder, which is the main symptom of temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Previous studies have confirmed that exposure to stress may cause masticatory muscle hyperactivity. However, the central mechanism underlying this process remains unclear. The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Vme), which resides in the brainstem, is the primary afferent center for masticatory proprioception and plays a key role in oral–motor movements by projecting to the trigeminal motor nucleus (Vmo). Therefore, the present study was designed to examine the role of Vme neurons in masseter overactivity induced by chronic stress. We found that subjecting mice to restraint stress (6 h/day) for 14 days caused significant anxiety-like behavior, obvious masseter overactivity, and markedly enhanced electrophysiological excitability of Vme neurons. By using anterograde tract tracing combined with immunofluorescence staining methods, we observed vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1)-positive glutamatergic projections from the Vme to the Vmo. Moreover, chronic restraint stress (CRS) elevated the expression of VGLUT1 and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in Vmo. Furthermore, administration of VGLUT1-targeted short hairpin RNA (shRNA) into the bilateral Vme significantly suppressed the enhanced overexcitability of Vme neurons, downregulated the overexpression of VGLUT1 and ChAT in the Vmo, and attenuated the elevated overactivity of the masseter caused by CRS. Taken together, we showed that CRS can excite neurons in the Vme, enhancing glutamatergic excitatory projections from the Vme to the Vmo and resulting in masseter muscle overactivity. These findings provide us with a novel central mechanism underlying the correlation between psychological factors and TMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhou-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Teng Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Min Zhang,
| | - Yong-Jin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Yong-Jin Chen,
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Ueno Y, Higashiyama M, Haque T, Masuda Y, Katagiri A, Toyoda H, Uzawa N, Yoshida A, Kato T. Motor representation of rhythmic jaw movements in the amygdala of guinea pigs. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 135:105362. [PMID: 35121262 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The areas of the amygdala contributing to rhythmic jaw movements and the movement patterns induced remain unknown. Therefore, the present study investigated the areas of the amygdala contributing to rhythmic jaw movements using repetitive electrical microstimulation techniques. DESIGN Experiments were performed on head-restrained guinea pigs under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia. EMG activities in the masseter and digastric muscles and jaw movements were recorded. Short- and long-train electrical microstimulations of the amygdala were performed and the patterns of jaw movements induced were analyzed quantitatively. RESULT The short-train stimulation induced short-latency EMG responses in the masseter and/or digastric muscles. The stimulation sites inducing short-latency EMG responses were distributed within the ventral part of the amygdala, which covered the medial, basal, and cortical nuclei. The long-train stimulation induced tonic jaw opening and two types of rhythmic jaw movements: those with or without lateral jaw shifts, which were characterized by a larger jaw gape and ipsilateral jaw excursion, respectively. Rhythmic jaw movements with lateral jaw shifts were characterized by overlapping masseter and digastric EMG activities. However, rhythmic patterns did not differ between the two types of rhythmic jaw movements. The stimulation sites that induced rhythmic jaw movements were more localized to the cortical nucleus. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that the ventral part of the amygdala is involved in the induction of rhythmic jaw movements in guinea pigs. The putative roles of the limbic system in the genesis of functional (e.g., chewing) and non-functional (e.g., bruxism) rhythmic oromotor movements warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Ueno
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Ⅱ, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Higashiyama
- Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tahsinul Haque
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh 13314, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuji Masuda
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Biology, Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano 399-0781, Japan
| | - Ayano Katagiri
- Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Toyoda
- Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Narikazu Uzawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Ⅱ, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshida
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kato
- Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Kim S, Bae DW, Park SG, Park JW. The impact of Pain-related emotions on migraine. Sci Rep 2021; 11:577. [PMID: 33436778 PMCID: PMC7804193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The response to pain is highly individual and can be influenced by complex emotional perception. This study aims to investigate the status of the pain-related emotional response, and the influence on headache characteristics and disability in migraine. We studied the pain-related emotional response in 145 consecutive migraine patients using the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) and compared them with 106 healthy controls. We investigated the relationship between emotional factors and migraine characteristics. The effect of pain-related emotion on migraine-related disability assessed with the Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) and the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS). Migraine patients showed significantly higher scores on total PASS (p < 0.001), PCS (p < 0.001) and PSQ (p = 0.002) compared to the healthy controls. The HIT-6 was weakly correlated with PASS (r = 0.390, p < 0.001) and PCS (r = 0.354, p < 0.001). PASS-Total (p = 0.001), headache frequency (p = 0.003), and HADS-Anxiety (p = 0.028) were independent variables associated with HIT-6. Headache frequency (p < 0.001) was an independent variable associated with MIDAS. The structural equation model indicated that headache severity has direct loading on emotion and subsequently influenced migraine-related disability. Disability has a significant effect on the frequency of abortive medication use. Migraine patients have altered emotional responses to pain perception. Pain-related anxiety made an important contribution to headache-related disability. The present results suggest that the management of disability by considering various pain-related emotional factors may be necessary for the therapeutic aspects of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghoon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Woong Bae
- Department of Neurology, St. Vincent's hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gue Park
- Department of Applied Statistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Wook Park
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Satoh Y, Tsuji K. Suppression of the Swallowing Reflex during Rhythmic Jaw Movements Induced by Repetitive Electrical Stimulation of the Dorsomedial Part of the Central Amygdaloid Nucleus in Rats. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:life10090190. [PMID: 32927817 PMCID: PMC7554838 DOI: 10.3390/life10090190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A previous study indicated that the swallowing reflex is inhibited during rhythmic jaw movements induced by electrical stimulation of the anterior cortical masticatory area. Rhythmic jaw movements were induced by electrical stimulation of the central amygdaloid nucleus (CeA). The swallowing central pattern generator is the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the lateral reticular formation in the medulla. Morphological studies have reported that the CeA projects to the NTS and the lateral reticular formation. It is therefore likely that the CeA is related to the control of the swallowing reflex. The purpose of this study was to determine if rhythmic jaw movements driven by CeA had inhibitory roles in the swallowing reflex induced by electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN). Rats were anesthetised with urethane. The SLN was solely stimulated for 10 s, and the swallowing reflex was recorded (SLN stimulation before SLN + CeA stimulation). Next, the SLN and the CeA were electrically stimulated at the same time for 10 s, and the swallowing reflex was recorded during rhythmic jaw movements (SLN + CeA stimulation). Finally, the SLN was solely stimulated (SLN stimulation following SLN + CeA stimulation). The number of swallows was reduced during rhythmic jaw movements. The onset latency of the first swallow was significantly longer in the SLN + CeA stimulation than in the SLN stimulation before SLN + CeA stimulation and SLN stimulation following SLN + CeA stimulation. These results support the idea that the coordination of swallowing reflex with rhythmic jaw movements could be regulated by the CeA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Satoh
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-25-267-1500; Fax: +81-25-267-1134
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Role of mesial temporal lobe structures in sensory processing in humans: a prepulse modulation study in temporal lobe epilepsy. Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:3297-3305. [PMID: 30244377 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5380-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Prepulse modulation (PPM) is an electrophysiological method which enables to assess sensory processing in vivo. Reflex responses may be facilitated or inhibited (prepulse inhibition, PPI) after a weak stimulus. Theoretically, in animal studies, the generator of PPI involves pedunculopontine nucleus which is modulated by various structures, including amygdala. We aimed to investigate whether or not there was a role of limbic structures in the generation of PPM in humans. For this purpose, we studied PPM of the blink reflex (BR) in 10 patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE group) and in nine patients who had previously undergone amygdala resection for medically resistant MTLE (surgery group). A control group including 19 healthy volunteers was formed. Blink reflex, BR-PPM and BR excitability recovery were recorded in all participants. Two components of BR, first early ipsilateral component (R1) and second late bilateral components (R2 and R2c) were identified. All BR parameters after single stimulation were normal in all groups. Compared to healthy subjects, R2-PPI was more pronounced in the surgery group whereas there was a R2-PPI deficit in the MTLE group. R2-PPI deficit in the MTLE group was more prominent on the lesion side. Ipsilesional R1 facilitation was more evident at ISI of 100 ms in both MTLE and surgery groups compared to healthy subjects. BR excitability recovery was not different between groups. MTLE in humans leads to a PPI deficit. Interestingly, removal of amygdala in humans with MTLE probably provides more efficient functioning of PPI network. Amygdala and hippocampus play roles in the human R2-PPI circuit. Modulation of R1 facilitation is unilateral whereas the modulation of R2-PPI is bilateral, though asymmetric.
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Bae JY, Lee JS, Ko SJ, Cho YS, Rah JC, Cho HJ, Park MJ, Bae YC. Extrasynaptic homomeric glycine receptors in neurons of the rat trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:2259-2268. [PMID: 29460053 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1607-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The neurons in the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (Vmes) innervate jaw-closing muscle spindles and periodontal ligaments, and play a crucial role in the regulation of jaw movements. Recently, it was shown that many boutons that form synapses on them are immunopositive for glycine (Gly+), suggesting that these neurons receive glycinergic input. Information about the glycine receptors that mediate this input is needed to help understand the role of glycine in controlling Vmes neuron excitability. For this, we investigated the expression of glycine receptor subunit alpha 3 (GlyRα3) and gephyrin in neurons in Vmes and the trigeminal motor nucleus (Vmo), and the Gly+ boutons that contact them by light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry and quantitative ultrastructural analysis. The somata of the Vmes neurons were immunostained for GlyRα3, but not gephyrin, indicating expression of homomeric GlyR. The immunostaining for GlyRα3 was localized away from the synapses in the Vmes neuron somata, in contrast to the Vmo neurons, where the staining for GlyRα3 and gephyrin were localized at the subsynaptic zones in somata and dendrites. Additionally, the ultrastructural determinants of synaptic strength, bouton volume, mitochondrial volume, and active zone area, were significantly smaller in Gly+ boutons on the Vmes neurons than in those on the Vmo neurons. These findings support the notion that the Vmes neurons receive glycinergic input via putative extrasynaptic homomeric glycine receptors, likely mediating a slow, tonic modulation of the Vmes neuron excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 188-1, 2-Ga, Samdeok-Dong, Jung-Gu, Daegu, 700-412, South Korea
| | - Jae Sik Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 188-1, 2-Ga, Samdeok-Dong, Jung-Gu, Daegu, 700-412, South Korea
| | - Sang Jin Ko
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 188-1, 2-Ga, Samdeok-Dong, Jung-Gu, Daegu, 700-412, South Korea
| | - Yi Sul Cho
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 188-1, 2-Ga, Samdeok-Dong, Jung-Gu, Daegu, 700-412, South Korea
| | - Jong-Cheol Rah
- Korea Brian Research Institute, 61 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 701-300, South Korea
| | - Hee Jung Cho
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 188-1, 2-Ga, Samdeok-Dong, Jung-Gu, Daegu, 700-412, South Korea
| | - Mae Ja Park
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 188-1, 2-Ga, Samdeok-Dong, Jung-Gu, Daegu, 700-412, South Korea
| | - Yong Chul Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 188-1, 2-Ga, Samdeok-Dong, Jung-Gu, Daegu, 700-412, South Korea.
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10
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Ohara H, Tachibana Y, Fujio T, Takeda-Ikeda R, Sato F, Oka A, Kato T, Ikenoue E, Yamashiro T, Yoshida A. Direct projection from the lateral habenula to the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus in rats. Brain Res 2015; 1630:183-97. [PMID: 26592775 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (Vmes) neurons are primary afferents conveying deep sensation from the masticatory muscle spindles or the periodontal mechanoreceptors, and are crucial for controlling jaw movements. Their cell bodies exist in the brain and receive descending commands from a variety of cortical and subcortical structures involved in limbic (emotional) systems. However, it remains unclear how the lateral habenula (LHb), a center of negative emotions (e.g., pain, stress and anxiety), can influence the control of jaw movements. To address this issue, we examined whether and how the LHb directly projects to the Vmes by means of neuronal tract tracing techniques in rats. After injections of a retrograde tracer Fluorogold in the rostral and caudal Vmes, a number of neurons were labeled in the lateral division of LHb (LHbl) bilaterally, whereas a few neurons were labeled in the medial division of LHb (LHbm) bilaterally. After injections of an anterograde tracer, biotinylated dextranamine (BDA) in the LHbl, a small number of labeled axons were distributed bilaterally in the rostral and caudal levels of Vmes, where some labeled axonal boutons contacted the cell body of rostral and caudal levels of Vmes neurons bilaterally. After the BDA injection into the LHbm, however, no axons were labeled bilaterally in the rostral and caudal levels of Vmes. Therefore, the present study for the first time demonstrated the direct projection from the LHbl to the Vmes and the detailed projection patterns, suggesting that jaw movements are modulated by negative emotions that are signaled by LHbl neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Ohara
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Tachibana
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujio
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rieko Takeda-Ikeda
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Sato
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ayaka Oka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kato
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Etsuko Ikenoue
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshida
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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12
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Abstract
Biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) is a highly efficient and powerful marker for bidirectional tracing of nerve pathways in a wide variety of species at the light and electron microscopic level. The BDA tract-tracing method can readily be combined with other anterograde or retrograde tracers for multiple neuroanatomical labeling studies to map the neuronal connectivity, or with immunocytochemistry for neurotransmitters and their receptors to reveal details of synaptic specializations within the multisynaptic neuronal circuits. Here, we describe an experimental protocol for anterograde and retrograde tracing using BDA. By applying BDA 10 kDa as an anterograde tracer, we demonstrate the existence of a direct bilateral nigro-trigeminal pathway in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai E Lazarov
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Morquette P, Lavoie R, Fhima MD, Lamoureux X, Verdier D, Kolta A. Generation of the masticatory central pattern and its modulation by sensory feedback. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 96:340-55. [PMID: 22342735 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The basic pattern of rhythmic jaw movements produced during mastication is generated by a neuronal network located in the brainstem and referred to as the masticatory central pattern generator (CPG). This network composed of neurons mostly associated to the trigeminal system is found between the rostral borders of the trigeminal motor nucleus and facial nucleus. This review summarizes current knowledge on the anatomical organization, the development, the connectivity and the cellular properties of these trigeminal circuits in relation to mastication. Emphasis is put on a population of rhythmogenic neurons in the dorsal part of the trigeminal sensory nucleus. These neurons have intrinsic bursting capabilities, supported by a persistent Na(+) current (I(NaP)), which are enhanced when the extracellular concentration of Ca(2+) diminishes. Presented evidence suggest that the Ca(2+) dependency of this current combined with its voltage-dependency could provide a mechanism for cortical and sensory afferent inputs to the nucleus to interact with the rhythmogenic properties of its neurons to adjust and adapt the rhythmic output. Astrocytes are postulated to contribute to this process by modulating the extracellular Ca(2+) concentration and a model is proposed to explain how functional microdomains defined by the boundaries of astrocytic syncitia may form under the influence of incoming inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Morquette
- Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central du FRSQ, Université de Montréal and Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université de Montréal, Canada
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Akerman S, Holland PR, Goadsby PJ. Diencephalic and brainstem mechanisms in migraine. Nat Rev Neurosci 2011; 12:570-84. [DOI: 10.1038/nrn3057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Shirasu M, Takahashi T, Yamamoto T, Itoh K, Sato S, Nakamura H. Direct projections from the central amygdaloid nucleus to the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus in rats. Brain Res 2011; 1400:19-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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