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Groh AMR, Lamont J, de Oliveira C, Fanous J, Rajakumar N, Power NE, Beveridge TS. Characterizing the autonomic neural connections between the abdominal aortic and superior hypogastric plexuses: A multimodal neuroanatomical study. Auton Neurosci 2021; 232:102785. [PMID: 33610007 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aortic plexus serves as the primary gateway for sympathetic fibers innervating the pelvic viscera. Damage to this plexus and/or its associated branches can lead to an assortment of neurogenic complications such as bladder dysregulation or retrograde ejaculation. The neuroanatomy of this autonomic plexus has only recently been clarified in humans; as such, the precise function of its constituent fibers is still not clear. Further study into the functional neuroanatomy of the aortic plexus could help refine nerve-sparing surgical procedures that risk debilitating neurogenic complications, while also advancing understanding of peripheral sympathetic circuitry. To this end, the current study employed an in vivo electrostimulation paradigm in a porcine model, in combination with lipophilic neuronal tracing experiments in fixed, post-mortem human tissues, to further characterize the functional neuroanatomy of the aortic plexus. Electrostimulation results demonstrated that caudal lumbar splanchnic nerves provide primary control over the porcine bladder neck in comparison to other constituent fibers within the aortic plexus. Ex vivo human data revealed that the prehypogastric ganglion contains a significant number of neurons projecting to the superior hypogastric plexus, and that these neurons are arranged in a topographic manner within the ganglion. Altogether, these findings suggest that a pivotal sympathetic pathway mediating bladder neck contraction courses through the caudal lumbar splanchnic nerves, prehypogastric and inferior mesenteric ganglia and superior hypogastric plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M R Groh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin Lamont
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cleusa de Oliveira
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacob Fanous
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nagalingam Rajakumar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas E Power
- Department of Surgery, Urology Division, Department of Oncology, Surgical Oncology Division, London Health Sciences Center, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tyler S Beveridge
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Botti M, Ragionieri L, Cacchioli A, Panu R, Gazza F. Striated Perineal Muscles: Location of Somatic and Autonomic Neurons Projecting to the Male Pig Ischiocavernous Muscle. Neurochemical Features of the Sympathetic Subset. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 301:837-848. [PMID: 29193823 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The location, number and size of the central and peripheral neurons innervating the ischiocavernous muscle (ICM) were studied in male pigs by means of Fast Blue (FB) retrograde neuronal tracing. Moreover the immunohistochemical properties of the sympathetic ganglia were investigated combining the double immunolabeling method. After injection of FB into the left ICM, a mean number of 245.3 ± 134.9 labeled neurons were found in the ipsilateral ventral horn of the S1-S3 segments of the spinal cord (SC), 129.7 ± 45.5 in the L6-S3 ipsilateral and S2-S3 contralateral spinal ganglia (SGs), 2279.3 ± 622.1 in the ipsilateral L2-S2 and contralateral L5-S2 sympathetic trunk ganglia (STGs), 541.7 ± 158 in the bilateral caudal mesenteric ganglia (CMGs), and 78.3 ± 35.8 in the microganglia of the pelvic plexus (PGs). The mean area of the ICM projecting neurons was 1217 ± 69.7 μm2 in the SC, 2737.5 ± 176.5 μm2 in the SGs, 982.8 ± 36.8 μm2 in the STGs, 865.9 ± 39.14 μm2 in the CMGs and 426.2 ± 24.72 μm2 in the PGs. The FB positive neurons of autonomic ganglia contained Dopamine β hydroxylase, vesicular acetylcholine transporter, neuronal nitric oxyde sinthase, calcitonine gene related peptide, leu-enkephaline, neuropeptide Y, substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and somatostatine often colocalized with tyrosine hydroxylase. The particular localization of the motor somatic nucleus, the abundant autonomic innervation and the qualitatively different content of ICM projecting sympathetic neurons suggest a complex regulation of this striated muscle involved in involuntary functions, such as the erection, ejaculation, micturition and defecation. Anat Rec, 301:837-848, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Botti
- Department of Veterinary Science, Via del Taglio, 10, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Luisa Ragionieri
- Department of Veterinary Science, Via del Taglio, 10, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Antonio Cacchioli
- Department of Veterinary Science, Via del Taglio, 10, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Rino Panu
- Department of Veterinary Science, Via del Taglio, 10, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Gazza
- Department of Veterinary Science, Via del Taglio, 10, Parma, 43126, Italy
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Barry CM, Ji E, Sharma H, Beukes L, Vilimas PI, DeGraaf YC, Matusica D, Haberberger RV. Morphological and neurochemical differences in peptidergic nerve fibers of the mouse vagina. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:2394-2410. [PMID: 28324630 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The vagina is innervated by a complex arrangement of sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic nerve fibers that contain classical transmitters plus an array of neuropeptides and enzymes known to regulate diverse processes including blood flow and nociception. The neurochemical characteristics and distributions of peptide-containing nerves in the mouse vagina are unknown. This study used multiple labeling immunohistochemistry, confocal maging and analysis to investigate the presence and colocalization of the peptides vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY), and the nitric oxide synthesizing enzyme neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in nerve fibers of the murine vaginal wall. We compared cervical and vulvar areas of the vagina in young nullipara and older multipara C57Bl/6 mice, and identified differences including that small ganglia were restricted to cervical segments, epithelial fibers were mainly present in vulvar segments and most nerve fibers were found in the lamina propria of the cervical region of the vagina, where a higher number of fibers containing immunoreactivity for VIP, CGRP, SP, or nNOS were found. Two populations of VIP-containing fibers were identified: fibers containing CGRP and fibers containing VIP but not CGRP. Differences between young and older mice were present in multiple layers of the vaginal wall, with older mice showing overall loss of innervation of epithelium of the proximal vagina and reduced proportions of VIP, CGRP, and SP containing nerve fibers in the distal epithelium. The distal vagina also showed increased vascularization and perivascular fibers containing NPY. Immunolabeling of ganglia associated with the vagina indicated the likely origin of some peptidergic fibers. Our results reveal regional differences and age- or parity-related changes in innervation of the mouse vagina, effecting the distribution of neuropeptides with diverse roles in function of the female genital tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Barry
- Anatomy and Histology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Esther Ji
- Anatomy and Histology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Harman Sharma
- Anatomy and Histology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lara Beukes
- Anatomy and Histology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Patricia I Vilimas
- Anatomy and Histology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yvette C DeGraaf
- Anatomy and Histology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dusan Matusica
- Anatomy and Histology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rainer V Haberberger
- Anatomy and Histology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Botti M, Ragionieri L, Cacchioli A, Panu R, Gazza F. Immunohistochemical Properties of the Peripheral Neurons Projecting to the Pig Bulbospongiosus Muscle. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2016; 299:1192-202. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Botti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Parma; via Del Taglio Parma 10 43126 Italy
| | - Luisa Ragionieri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Parma; via Del Taglio Parma 10 43126 Italy
| | - Antonio Cacchioli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Parma; via Del Taglio Parma 10 43126 Italy
| | - Rino Panu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Parma; via Del Taglio Parma 10 43126 Italy
| | - Ferdinando Gazza
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Parma; via Del Taglio Parma 10 43126 Italy
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Lossi L, D’Angelo L, De Girolamo P, Merighi A. Anatomical features for an adequate choice of experimental animal model in biomedicine: II. Small laboratory rodents, rabbit, and pig. Ann Anat 2016; 204:11-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Botti M, Ragionieri L, Cacchioli A, Gazza F, Panu R. Neurochemical Features of the Autonomic Neurons Projecting to the Cremaster Muscle of the Boar. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 298:2091-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Botti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Parma; Parma 43126 Italy
| | - Luisa Ragionieri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Parma; Parma 43126 Italy
| | - Antonio Cacchioli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Parma; Parma 43126 Italy
| | - Ferdinando Gazza
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Parma; Parma 43126 Italy
| | - Rino Panu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Parma; Parma 43126 Italy
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