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Hong J, Dai P, Sun G, Lin L, Lyu H, Chen K. Age-related morphological change in bony segment and cartilage segment of Eustachian tube. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2024; 9:e1262. [PMID: 38741682 PMCID: PMC11089444 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) is the predominant cause of otitis media with effusion in children and adults. Balloon dilatation of the Eustachian tube (BDET) provides a new method for restoring the ventilatory function of Eustachian tube (ET). However, the differences in age-related morphological changes in the dimensions and positions of ET in children and adults are unclear. Purpose This study aimed to examine age-related morphological changes in bony and cartilage segments of the ET in a three-dimensional space in normal population. Methods A total of 71 randomly selected computed tomography (CT) images of the temporal bones of 46 people were retrospectively studied in four age groups: A (0-3 years old); B (4-8 years old), C (9-18 years old), and D (19-65 years old). Space analytic geometry was assessed to calculate the dimensions and positions of ET. Results The bony segment of ET lengthened from infancy to adulthood with age in groups A, B and C (r = 0.562**/0.000). The cartilage segment of ET mostly extended with age from infancy to 8 years old in children (r = 0.633**/0.000), but with bending close to the sagittal plane and away from the horizontal plane with age in groups A, B and C (P < .05), and with a constant angle to the coronal plane among the four groups (P > .05). Conclusion The bony and cartilaginous segments of ET exhibit distinct morphological changes in space with age. The bony segment of ET extends in a constant position from infancy to adulthood. In contrast, the cartilaginous segment of the ET indicates multidimensional positional changes until adulthood, in addition to the elongation from infancy to children. This may provide an accurate morphological basis for comparing the differences in ETD pathogenesis and surgical treatment between children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hong
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyHuashan Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Peidong Dai
- ENT InstituteEye & ENT Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Guangbin Sun
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyHuashan Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyHuashan Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Huiying Lyu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Keguang Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryShanghai Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Katsube M, Yamada S, Utsunomiya N, Morimoto N. Application of geometric morphometrics for facial congenital anomaly studies. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2022; 62:88-95. [PMID: 35133047 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The face is a small complex three-dimensional (3D) structure composed of various bones and essential organs. Congenital anomalies of those organs represent various deformities; therefore, their quantification has been challenging. Linear measurements, such as lengths or angles between landmarks, called conventional morphometrics, have been used to quantify their phenotypes usually using 2D images, such as photographs or X-ray images. During analysis, geometric information, which refers to the relative position of each structure, is lost. Geometric morphometrics (GM) uses shape configurations, including anatomical landmarks, which can retain geometric information throughout analysis and can help visualize the results, making it tremendously advantageous compared to conventional methods. Morphometric studies investigate variations within groups, identification of group differences, simulation of the ontogeny, or association with specific organs or genetic disorders, and GM can be applied to these purposes using multivariate statistical methods. The calculation of high-dimensional data is usually required and has prevented GM from becoming a major morphometric method. However, recent developments in computer technology and software have enabled us to perform it easily with ordinary home computers, and the number of morphometric studies applying GM for facial congenital anomalies has been increasing recently. In this article, we introduce the concept and application of GM and review previous morphometric studies with GM regarding congenital facial anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Katsube
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigehito Yamada
- Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Natsuko Utsunomiya
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Morimoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Landi F, Barraclough J, Evteev A, Anikin A, Satanin L, O'Higgins P. The role of the nasal region in craniofacial growth: An investigation using path analysis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 305:1892-1909. [PMID: 34288539 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the role of the nasal region and its interactions with adjacent facial elements during early ontogeny. A series of linear measurements, areas and volumes were extracted from a collection of 227 medical CT-scans of children from 0 to 6 years of age. These measurements describe aspects of the form of the orbit, maxilla, peri-alveolar (subnasal) region, nasal area, eye, oral region, masseter, and temporal muscles. Hypothesized interactions were then examined using path analysis. Two paths were designed: the first to investigate potential interactions in, and relative contributions of the nasal derivatives and adjacent regions to overall facial growth and development; the second path sees the addition of facial soft tissue measurements and aims to assess their effects on skeletal components, and on overall facial growth and development. The results of the first path indicate a large contribution of the nasal and subnasal regions to facial development. This indicates that the nasal septum and the developing dentition provide an important but variable contribution to facial ontogeny during early years. This result is confirmed in the second path, where the soft tissue elements were added to the diagram. Results of the second path indicate that the soft tissues contribute only locally to the development of some skeletal elements of the face. This indicates that the contribution of skeletal components has a more direct effect on facial height than soft tissue matrices, however there are complex interactions between soft tissues and skeletal elements throughout ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Landi
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St. George's University, London, UK.,Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Andrej Evteev
- Anuchin's Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoliy Anikin
- Department of Radiology, Scientific Center of Children Health, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid Satanin
- Department of Pediatric, Burdenko Scientific Research Institute of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Paul O'Higgins
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK.,Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
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Delteil C, Mopin C, Tuchtan L, Carballeira Alvarez A, Piercecchi MD, Adalian P. Ontogeny of cranial base during the first two years of life. Morphologie 2021; 106:98-106. [PMID: 33840607 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The integration of the growth of the brain and the cranial base suggests that each system may influence the other, notably during the first three years of life, although this influence has never been proven to be exclusive. The aim of our work was to analyse the dynamics of normal growth on the one hand, and the development and ontogenetic allometry of the cranial base in the infant on the other hand. MATERIAL AND METHOD A total of 32 infants (17 males/15 femeles) having been included in the unexpected infant death french protocol were analyzed. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the cranial base were performed from CT scans. The technique combined manual segmentation of regions of interest, contour extraction and surface reconstruction. Nineteen landmarks were positioned on each of the bone surfaces. RESULTS No correlation was observed between sex assigned at birth and shape, weight, crown-heel length, or head circumference. Principal component analysis showed that 85.5% of the variance observed on the first component was secondary to growth. After Procrustes superimposition, 25% of the shape variance observed was explained by the first principal component. It showed anteroposterior lengthening of the cranial base. In addition, the height, width and length of the posterior fossa increased and the relative position of the basion was displaced inferiorly and anteriorly with flexion of the sphenoid angle. Negative allometry was also observed. CONCLUSION Our study, carried out in a rigorously selected population of infants, presents a fundamental approach to ontogeny through study of shape, growth and ontogenetic allometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Delteil
- Forensic Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, La Timone, 264, rue St Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France.
| | - C Mopin
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France
| | - L Tuchtan
- Forensic Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, La Timone, 264, rue St Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France
| | - A Carballeira Alvarez
- Department of Radiology, Conception Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 147, Boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - M-D Piercecchi
- Forensic Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, La Timone, 264, rue St Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France
| | - P Adalian
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France
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Fricano E, DeLeon VB. Intraspecies variation in ectotympanic tube length and orientation among humans. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:832-844. [PMID: 32931640 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ectotympanic bone morphology is commonly used as a large-scale phylogenetic indicator across primates. Less well-understood is the intraspecies variation in this characteristic and the dynamic ways in which it affects and is affected by overall basicranial shape. This study attempts to clarify relationships between the external ear canal and basicranial shape among humans in a sample of archaeological human crania. The ectotympanic length and orientation were hypothesized to correlate with the shape of the cranial base and particularly with shape variables associated with relative brachycephaly. Basicranial shape in 80 computed tomography (CT) scans of adult humans were quantified using landmark coordinate data, with particular emphasis on the cranial base and auditory structures. Scaled ectotympanic lengths were taken from interlandmark distances and then compared to shape variation of the whole basicranium as summarized by procrustes shape variables and principal components analysis (PCA). The length of the ectotympanic bone was correlated with total cranial base variation. Long ectotympanic bones were found to be associated with brachycephalic individuals and less flexed basicrania. Additionally, long ectotympanic bones were found to be more horizontally oriented, as opposed to inferiorly sloped. We suggest that as brachycephaly increases the distance between the otic capsule and the pinna, the ectotympanic bone lengthens in response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Fricano
- Department of Medical Anatomical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Valerie B DeLeon
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Oleszko A, Marek J, Muzyka-Wozniak M. Application of a Partial Least Squares Regression Algorithm for Posterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lens Sizing and Postoperative Vault Prediction. J Refract Surg 2020; 36:606-612. [PMID: 32901828 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20200630-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and validate a new algorithm for predicting the postoperative vault of the myopic EVO Visian Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) V4c (STAAR Surgical AG). METHODS This study included 81 eyes of 43 patients who had undergone ICL implantation. Preoperative data obtained by swept-source optical coherence tomography, Scheimpflug camera, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography were applied to develop a new partial least squares (PLS) regression algorithm. ICL sizing was performed using the standard white-to-white method with the online calculation and ordering system. The postoperative vault was assessed based on anterior segment optical coherence tomography. The PLS approach was applied to create the calibration model for predicting the postoperative vault. The new PLS model was cross-validated using the leave-one-out method and compared to a recently published linear regression model. Agreement between the actual and predicted vault values for the two methods was assessed by the Bland-Altman method. RESULTS There was a statistically significant correlation (P < .001, r = 0.73) between the postoperative vault values and those predicted by the PLS algorithm. Validation of the PLS model yielded lower mean differences and limits of agreement (0 and 410 µm, respectively) than the linear regression method (400 and 750 µm, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The PLS algorithm increases the precision of ICL vault prediction. However, it shows a tendency to overestimate small vault values and underestimate high vaults. [J Refract Surg. 2020;36(9):606-612.].
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Karban ME. Occipital hemi-bun development and shape covariation in a longitudinal extant human growth sample. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 172:123-134. [PMID: 31797354 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although the homology of the Neanderthal occipital bun and anatomically modern human "hemi-bun" has long been debated, little is known about the developmental timing and patterning of these two patterns of prominent occipital squama convexity. In this study, occipital hemi-bun ontogeny and cranial shape covariation are assessed in a comparative extant human sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two-dimensional geometric morphometric methods were used to investigate hemi-bun development in a longitudinal sample of growth study cephalograms representing extant human subjects predominantly of European ancestry. Subjects were each measured at three distinct age points, ranging from 3.0 to 20.4 years, and two-block partial least squares analysis was used to assess patterns of covariation between midsagittal occipital bone morphology and other aspects of craniofacial shape. RESULTS Occipital hemi-bun morphology, when present, was found to develop early in ontogeny, in association with anteroposterior elongation of the frontal and parietal bones. No significant pattern of covariation was found between occipital hemi-bun shape and cranial/basicranial breadth, basicranial length, basicranial angle, or midfacial prognathism. DISCUSSION This study suggests that the occipital hemi-bun, at least in this extant human population, should not be considered an independent trait, as its development is closely linked to shape variation in the frontal and parietal bones. Importantly, these results suggest that occipital hemi-bun morphology is not significantly influenced by basicranial morphology during development, but instead covaries with changes in midsagittal neurocranial vault shape.
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Jiang L, Shi H, Sang M, Zheng C, Cao Y, Zhu X, Zhuo X, Cheng T, Zhang Q, Wu R, Sun L. A Computational Model for Inferring QTL Control Networks Underlying Developmental Covariation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1557. [PMID: 31921232 PMCID: PMC6930182 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
How one trait developmentally varies as a function of others shapes a spectrum of biological phenomena. Despite its importance to trait dissection, the understanding of whether and how genes mediate such developmental covariation is poorly understood. We integrate developmental allometry equations into the functional mapping framework to map specific QTLs that govern the correlated development of different traits. Based on evolutionary game theory, we assemble and contextualize these QTLs into an intricate but organized network coded by bidirectional, signed, and weighted QTL-QTL interactions. We use this approach to map shoot height-diameter allometry QTLs in an ornamental woody species, mei (Prunus mume). We detect "pioneering" QTLs (piQTLs) and "maintaining" QTLs (miQTLs) that determine how shoot height varies with diameter and how shoot diameter varies with height, respectively. The QTL networks inferred can visualize how each piQTL regulates others to promote height growth at a cost of diameter growth, how miQTL regulates others to benefit radial growth at a cost of height growth, and how piQTLs and miQTLs regulate each other to form a pleiotropic web of primary and secondary growth in trees. Our approach provides a unique gateway to explore the genetic architecture of developmental covariation, a widespread phenomenon in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hexin Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Sang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenfei Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yige Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuli Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokang Zhuo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tangren Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongling Wu
- Center for Statistical Genetics, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Lidan Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lidan Sun,
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Hong J, Chen K, Lyu H, Yin D, Yang L, Zhang T, Dai P. Age-related changes in the morphological relationship between the supratubal recess and the Eustachian tube. Auris Nasus Larynx 2018; 45:88-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Profico A, Piras P, Buzi C, Di Vincenzo F, Lattarini F, Melchionna M, Veneziano A, Raia P, Manzi G. The evolution of cranial base and face in Cercopithecoidea and Hominoidea: Modularity and morphological integration. Am J Primatol 2017; 79. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Profico
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
| | - Paolo Piras
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Respiratorie, Nefrologiche, Anestesiologiche e Geriatriche; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Strutturale e Geotecnica; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
| | - Costantino Buzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
| | - Fabio Di Vincenzo
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
| | - Flavio Lattarini
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
| | - Marina Melchionna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse; Università di Napoli, Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - Alessio Veneziano
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology; John Moores University; Liverpool United Kingdom
| | - Pasquale Raia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse; Università di Napoli, Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - Giorgio Manzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
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Graillon N, Boulze C, Adalian P, Loundou A, Guyot L. Use of 3D orbital reconstruction in the assessment of orbital sexual dimorphism and its pathological consequences. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2017; 118:29-34. [PMID: 28330571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surrounded by a variety of structures including the facial sinuses and the brain, the human orbit displays unique anatomical features. It is known that orbital volume correlates with age and sex. The aim of this study was to evaluate sexual dimorphism of orbital volume relative to the size of the skull, and to establish criteria for gender determination. METHODS Orbital volume was measured from 3D models of the orbits. The volumes were expressed in relation to the centroid size of the skull, to ensure that any sexual dimorphism in orbital volume was not simply due to a difference in skull size. Thirty-three male and 42 female subjects were included in the study. RESULTS The volume of both orbits were significantly higher in men than in women (P=0.0001). The right, left and total orbital volumes relative to the centroid skull size were also significantly higher in men than women (P<0.05). The method was repeatable and reproducible. A test of gender determination was developed, with a precision of 77.3%. DISCUSSION This is the first study showing a sexual dimorphism in orbital volume relative to skull size. This difference in volume could explain the greater predisposition to myopia in women and their more frequent need for orbital decompression in thyroid orbitopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Graillon
- Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale et plastique de la face-stomatologie, hôpital Nord, chemin des Bourrelly, 13015 Marseille, France.
| | - C Boulze
- Laboratoire d'anthropologie biologique, Aix-Marseille université, CNRS, EFS, ADES UMR 7268, 13916 Marseille, France
| | - P Adalian
- Laboratoire d'anthropologie biologique, Aix-Marseille université, CNRS, EFS, ADES UMR 7268, 13916 Marseille, France
| | - A Loundou
- Unité de recherche de santé publique et maladies chroniques, université Aix-Marseille, 13916 Marseille, France
| | - L Guyot
- Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale et plastique de la face-stomatologie, hôpital Nord, chemin des Bourrelly, 13015 Marseille, France
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Abstract
Allometry refers to the size-related changes of morphological traits and remains an essential concept for the study of evolution and development. This review is the first systematic comparison of allometric methods in the context of geometric morphometrics that considers the structure of morphological spaces and their implications for characterizing allometry and performing size correction. The distinction of two main schools of thought is useful for understanding the differences and relationships between alternative methods for studying allometry. The Gould-Mosimann school defines allometry as the covariation of shape with size. This concept of allometry is implemented in geometric morphometrics through the multivariate regression of shape variables on a measure of size. In the Huxley-Jolicoeur school, allometry is the covariation among morphological features that all contain size information. In this framework, allometric trajectories are characterized by the first principal component, which is a line of best fit to the data points. In geometric morphometrics, this concept is implemented in analyses using either Procrustes form space or conformation space (the latter also known as size-and-shape space). Whereas these spaces differ substantially in their global structure, there are also close connections in their localized geometry. For the model of small isotropic variation of landmark positions, they are equivalent up to scaling. The methods differ in their emphasis and thus provide investigators with flexible tools to address specific questions concerning evolution and development, but all frameworks are logically compatible with each other and therefore unlikely to yield contradictory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Peter Klingenberg
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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Lyu HY, Chen KG, Yin DM, Hong J, Yang L, Zhang TY, Dai PD. The Age-Related Orientational Changes of Human Semicircular Canals. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 9:109-15. [PMID: 27090280 PMCID: PMC4881327 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2014.02012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Some changes are found in the labyrinth anatomy during postnatal development. Although the spatial orientation of semicircular canals was thought to be stable after birth, we investigated the age-related orientational changes of human semicircular canals during development. Methods We retrospectively studied the computed tomography (CT) images of both ears of 76 subjects ranged from 1 to 70 years old. They were divided into 4 groups: group A (1–6 years), group B (7–12 years), group C (13–18 years), and group D (>18 years). The anatomical landmarks of the inner ear structures were determined from CT images. Their coordinates were imported into MATLAB software for calculating the semicircular canals orientation, angles between semicircular canal planes and the jugular bulb (JB) position. Differences between age groups were analyzed using multivariate statistics. Relationships between variables were analyzed using Pearson analysis. Results The angle between the anterior semicircular canal plane and the coronal plane, and the angle between the horizontal semicircular canal plane and the coronal plane were smaller in group D than those in group A (P<0.05). The JB position, especially the anteroposterior position of right JB, correlated to the semicircular canals orientation (P<0.05). However, no statistically significant differences in the angles between ipsilateral canal planes among different age groups were found. Conclusion The semicircular canals had tendencies to tilt anteriorly simultaneously as a whole with age. The JB position correlated to the spatial arrangement of semicircular canals, especially the right JB. Our calculation method helps detect developmental and pathological changes in vestibular anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ying Lyu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke-Guang Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Ming Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Hong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Research Center, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, National Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, National Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Dong Dai
- Research Center, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, National Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai, China
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14
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Size, shape, and form: concepts of allometry in geometric morphometrics. Dev Genes Evol 2016; 226:113-37. [PMID: 27038023 PMCID: PMC4896994 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-016-0539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Allometry refers to the size-related changes of morphological traits and remains an essential concept for the study of evolution and development. This review is the first systematic comparison of allometric methods in the context of geometric morphometrics that considers the structure of morphological spaces and their implications for characterizing allometry and performing size correction. The distinction of two main schools of thought is useful for understanding the differences and relationships between alternative methods for studying allometry. The Gould–Mosimann school defines allometry as the covariation of shape with size. This concept of allometry is implemented in geometric morphometrics through the multivariate regression of shape variables on a measure of size. In the Huxley–Jolicoeur school, allometry is the covariation among morphological features that all contain size information. In this framework, allometric trajectories are characterized by the first principal component, which is a line of best fit to the data points. In geometric morphometrics, this concept is implemented in analyses using either Procrustes form space or conformation space (the latter also known as size-and-shape space). Whereas these spaces differ substantially in their global structure, there are also close connections in their localized geometry. For the model of small isotropic variation of landmark positions, they are equivalent up to scaling. The methods differ in their emphasis and thus provide investigators with flexible tools to address specific questions concerning evolution and development, but all frameworks are logically compatible with each other and therefore unlikely to yield contradictory results.
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15
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Anzelmo M, Ventrice F, Barbeito-Andrés J, Pucciarelli HM, Sardi ML. Ontogenetic changes in cranial vault thickness in a modern sample ofHomo sapiens. Am J Hum Biol 2014; 27:475-85. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Anzelmo
- División Antropología; Museo de La Plata; Paseo del Bosque s/n. La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Fernando Ventrice
- Laboratorio de Neuroimágenes, Departamento de Imágenes; Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea; FLENI Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Jimena Barbeito-Andrés
- División Antropología; Museo de La Plata; Paseo del Bosque s/n. La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Héctor M. Pucciarelli
- División Antropología; Museo de La Plata; Paseo del Bosque s/n. La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Marina L. Sardi
- División Antropología; Museo de La Plata; Paseo del Bosque s/n. La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Buenos Aires Argentina
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