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Urzì Brancati V, Aliquò F, Freni J, Pantano A, Galipò E, Puzzolo D, Minutoli L, Marini HR, Campo GM, D’Ascola A. The Effects of Seleno-Methionine in Cadmium-Challenged Human Primary Chondrocytes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:936. [PMID: 39065786 PMCID: PMC11280455 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a potentially toxic element able to interfere with cellular functions and lead to disease or even death. Cd accumulation has been demonstrated in cartilage, where it can induce damage in joints. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CdCl2 on primary cultures of human chondrocytes and the possible protective effect of seleno-methionine (Se-Met). Human primary articular chondrocytes were cultured and treated as follows: control groups, cells challenged with 7.5 μM and 10 μM CdCl2 alone, and cells pretreated with 10 and 20 μM Se-Met and then challenged with 7.5 μM and 10 μM CdCl2. Twenty-four hours after incubation, cell viability, histological evaluation with hematoxylin-eosin stain, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were performed. Furthermore, reverse transcription-PCR was carried out to evaluate mRNA levels of BAX, BAK1, CASP-3, and CASP-9. After CdCl2 challenge at both doses, a reduced cell viability and an overexpression of BAX, BAK1, CASP-3, and CASP-9 genes, as well as a high number of TUNEL-positive cells, were demonstrated, all parameters becoming higher as the dose of CdCl2 was increased. The pretreatment with Se-Met lowered the expression of all considered genes, improved cell viability and morphological changes, and reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells. It was concluded that Se-Met plays a protective role against CdCl2-induced structural and functional changes in chondrocytes in vitro, as it improved cell viability and showed a positive role in the context of the apoptotic pathways. It is therefore suggested that a translational, multifaceted approach, with plant-based diets, bioactive functional foods, nutraceuticals, micronutrients, and drugs, is possibly advisable in situations of environmental pollution caused by potentially toxic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Urzì Brancati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; (V.U.B.); (A.P.); (E.G.); (H.R.M.); (G.M.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Federica Aliquò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.A.); (J.F.); (D.P.)
| | - José Freni
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.A.); (J.F.); (D.P.)
| | - Alice Pantano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; (V.U.B.); (A.P.); (E.G.); (H.R.M.); (G.M.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Erika Galipò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; (V.U.B.); (A.P.); (E.G.); (H.R.M.); (G.M.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Domenico Puzzolo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.A.); (J.F.); (D.P.)
| | - Letteria Minutoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; (V.U.B.); (A.P.); (E.G.); (H.R.M.); (G.M.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Herbert Ryan Marini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; (V.U.B.); (A.P.); (E.G.); (H.R.M.); (G.M.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Maurizio Campo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; (V.U.B.); (A.P.); (E.G.); (H.R.M.); (G.M.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Angela D’Ascola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; (V.U.B.); (A.P.); (E.G.); (H.R.M.); (G.M.C.); (A.D.)
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Evans LAE, Pitsillides AA. Structural clues to articular calcified cartilage function: A descriptive review of this crucial interface tissue. J Anat 2022; 241:875-895. [PMID: 35866709 PMCID: PMC9482704 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular calcified cartilage (ACC) has been dismissed, by some, as a remnant of endochondral ossification without functional relevance to joint articulation or weight-bearing. Recent research indicates that morphologic and metabolic ACC features may be important, reflecting knee joint osteoarthritis (OA) predisposition. ACC is less investigated than neighbouring joint tissues, with its component chondrocytes and mineralised matrix often being either ignored or integrated into analyses of hyaline articular cartilage and subchondral bone tissue respectively. Anatomical variation in ACC is recognised between species, individuals and age groups, but the selective pressures underlying this variation are unknown. Consequently, optimal ACC biomechanical features are also unknown as are any potential locomotory roles. This review collates descriptions of ACC anatomy and biology in health and disease, with a view to revealing its structure/function relationship and highlighting potential future research avenues. Mouse models of healthy and OA joint ageing have shown disparities in ACC load-induced deformations at the knee joint. This raises the hypothesis that ACC response to locomotor forces over time may influence, or even underlie, the bony and hyaline cartilage symptoms characteristic of OA. To effectively investigate the ACC, greater resolution of joint imaging and merging of hierarchical scale data will be required. An appreciation of OA as a 'whole joint disease' is expanding, as is the possibility that the ACC may be a key player in healthy ageing and in the transition to OA joint pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda A. E. Evans
- Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary College, University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Andrew A. Pitsillides
- Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary College, University of LondonLondonUK
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Kolinko Y, Malečková A, Kochová P, Grajciarová M, Blassová T, Kural T, Trailin A, Červenková L, Havránková J, Vištejnová L, Tonarová P, Moulisová V, Jiřík M, Zavaďáková A, Tichánek F, Liška V, Králíčková M, Witter K, Tonar Z. Using virtual microscopy for the development of sampling strategies in quantitative histology and design-based stereology. Anat Histol Embryol 2021; 51:3-22. [PMID: 34806204 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Only a fraction of specimens under study are usually selected for quantification in histology. Multilevel sampling or tissue probes, slides and fields of view (FOVs) in the regions of interest (ROIs) are required. In general, all parts of the organs under study should be given the same probability to be taken into account; that is, the sampling should be unbiased on all levels. The objective of our study was to provide an overview of the use of virtual microscopy in the context of developing sampling strategies of FOVs for stereological quantification. We elaborated this idea on 18 examples from multiple fields of histology, including quantification of extracellular matrix and muscle tissue, quantification of organ and tumour microvessels and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, assessing osseointegration of bone implants, healing of intestine anastomoses and osteochondral defects, counting brain neurons, counting nuclei in vitro cell cultures and others. We provided practical implications for the most common situations, such as exhaustive sampling of ROIs, sampling ROIs of different sizes, sampling the same ROIs for multiple histological methods, sampling more ROIs with variable intensities or using various objectives, multistage sampling and virtual sampling. Recommendations were provided for pilot studies on systematic uniform random sampling of FOVs as a part of optimizing the efficiency of histological quantification to prevent over- or undersampling. We critically discussed the pros and cons of using virtual sections for sampling FOVs from whole scanned sections. Our review demonstrated that whole slide scans of histological sections facilitate the design of sampling strategies for quantitative histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav Kolinko
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Malečková
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, European Centre of Excellence NTIS, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kochová
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, European Centre of Excellence NTIS, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Grajciarová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Blassová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kural
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Andriy Trailin
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Červenková
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiřina Havránková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Vištejnová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Tonarová
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimíra Moulisová
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Jiřík
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Applied Sciences, European Centre of Excellence NTIS, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Zavaďáková
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Tichánek
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Liška
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgery and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Králíčková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Kirsti Witter
- Institute of Morphology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zbyněk Tonar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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