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Salamanca-Carreño A, Parés-Casanova PM, Crosby-Granados RA, Vélez-Terranova M, Bentez-Molano J. Basicranial Modular Organization. A Study in the Araucanian Horse of Colombia. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10040255. [PMID: 37104410 PMCID: PMC10141692 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10040255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The skull is divided into neurocranium and splanchnocranium, and its variation allows ecomorphological studies to learn about possible evolutionary and adaptive characteristics. The basicranial organization of the neurocranium and splanchnocranium modules was studied in a sample of 31 skulls from adult Araucanian horses by means of 2D geometric morphometric techniques. The neurocranium and splanchnocranium modules on the ventral aspect were analyzed separately using a set of 31 landmarks. The RV coefficient (the multivariate analog of a correlation) was estimated to analyze the independence of these two parts, as well as their morphological integration, using a two-block analysis of least squares. The study results confirm the modular development of the neurocranium and the splanchnocranium, the former being more stable than the latter as well as low morphological integration between the two. The development between both parties is structured in a modular way but allows relative independence. Now it would be interesting for future studies to add muscles (those that connect the cranial parts, but also the cervical), the hyoid apparatus, and the ossicles of the internal ear and the jaw and analyze if they behave as integrated modules between them. Since this research has been conducted at the subspecific breed level, it could be plausible that in other breeds, this integrative development was different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arcesio Salamanca-Carreño
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Villavicencio 500001, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Jannet Bentez-Molano
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Villavicencio 500001, Colombia
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Xing Y, Yang B, He Y, Xie B, Zhao T, Chen J. Effects of mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human dental follicle cells. Ann Anat 2021; 239:151847. [PMID: 34687906 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the role of the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 in the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human dental follicle cells (hDFCs), and its mechanism, so as to provide the basis for the use of hDFCs to achieve bone regeneration. METHODS hDFCs were obtained from fresh dental follicle tissues by enzymatic digestion, and cell phenotype and multipotential differentiation were identified. Identification of the expression of mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 was performed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. CCK-8 was used to determine the optimal concentration of the Piezo1 agonist, Yoda1. Then, according to the obtained results, Alizarin red staining, RT-PCR quantitative analysis and Western blot were used to further observe the osteogenic differentiation of hDFCs and its probable mechanism via Wnt/β-catenin signalling. The data were analysed by SPSS 22.0 software. RESULTS The results of the concentration gradient experiments indicated that 0.5 µM Piezo1 agonist (Yoda1) enhanced the proliferation of hDFCs. Compared with the control group, a considerable number of calcium nodules showed that activating Piezo1 could promote the osteogenic differentiation of hDFCs. The relative mRNA and protein expression of Piezo1, ALP, RUNX2, OCN and BMP2 in the Piezo1 agonist group were higher than that of the control group. Furthermore, the expression of Wnt3a and β-catenin related to the classical osteogenic pathway were significantly up-regulated in the Piezo1 agonist group. CONCLUSION Activating mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 with an appropriate concentration of Yoda1 has a positive effect on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hDFCs. This mechanism of promoting osteogenic differentiation may be mediated by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Xing
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Binbin Yang
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yun He
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Bingqing Xie
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tianqi Zhao
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Junliang Chen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Rojas CV, Olivares JI, Tutor PM, García AM, Sánchez MB. Sternal human variability and population affinity: Frequency of discrete traits and their relationship with sex and age. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 305:284-296. [PMID: 33943019 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sternal morphological variations differ among populations and are influenced by the interaction between inheritance, development, and environment. There are currently no studies that include all variability from a morphogenesis approach following a homogeneous definition. The aims of this study were (a) to develop a standardized method for the anatomical study of the sternum; (b) to analyze the prevalence of the morphological variations and their relationship between sex and age; (c) to compare the results with other populations. The sterna of 155 skeletons from a Spanish population were studied. The age at the time of death was 17 to 97 years. We analyzed two metric and 22 sternal morphological variations described in the literature and designed an illustrated atlas. The atlas was validated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted to measure the prevalence and relationship between sex and age. To analyze the interpopulation variability, we compared our results with those from other authors. The atlas with definitions and reference images improves the observation and detection of all morphological variations of the sternum (ICC = 0.90). The dependence between the morphological traits and sex was significant for the variations in the sternal angle, the number of esternebra, and the development of the xiphoid process. No significant differences were found between age group and morphological traits. The expression of the sternal morphological variation and sex are population-specific. The results will help standardize future studies and provide valuable information on the variability of the sternal morphological variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Villoria Rojas
- Departamento de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y Anatomía Patológica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Irurita Olivares
- Departamento de Medicina Legal, Toxicología y Antropología Física, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Mata Tutor
- Departamento de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y Anatomía Patológica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Muñoz García
- Departamento de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y Anatomía Patológica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Benito Sánchez
- Departamento de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y Anatomía Patológica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Brachetta-Aporta N, Gonzalez PN, Bernal V. Association between shape changes and bone remodeling patterns in the middle face during ontogeny in South American populations. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 305:156-169. [PMID: 33844463 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The morphology of facial bones is modeled by processes of bone formation and resorption induced by interactions between tissues and compensatory responses. However, the role of remodeling patterns on the morphological changes within and among populations has been scarcely explored. Here, we assess the association between facial shape and the underlying bone cell activity throughout the ontogeny in two Amerindian populations that represent the extremes of craniofacial variation in South America. The sample comprises 71 individuals (36 adults and 35 subadults) representing hunter-gatherers from Patagonia and horticulturists from Northwest Argentina. We analyzed the shape and size of the zygomatic and the maxilla, and compared them with the patterns of bone formation and resorption. Bone formation and resorption were described by quantitative histological analysis of bone surfaces. Morphological changes were described by landmarks and semilandmarks digitized on 3D surfaces obtained from CT images. The results from multivariate statistics analysis show that the patterns of bone remodeling are associated with variation in the morphology of the middle face. We found a similar pattern of facial shape variation along the ontogenetic trajectory in the two samples, and a similar trend in the amount of formation and resorption activities across ages. The main differences between samples were found in the distribution of the areas of bone formation and resorption, possibly associated with mechanical bone response to masticatory loading. These findings provide clues about the processes and mechanisms of bone development involved in the facial morphological differentiation in human populations from southern South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Brachetta-Aporta
- IIPG, Instituto de Investigaciones en Paleobiología y Geología, Río Negro, Argentina.,UNRN, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. CONICET, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Paula N Gonzalez
- ENyS. Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Bernal
- División Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
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Schuh A, Gunz P, Villa C, Kupczik K, Hublin JJ, Freidline SE. Intraspecific variability in human maxillary bone modeling patterns during ontogeny. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 173:655-670. [PMID: 33029815 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study compares the ontogenetic bone modeling patterns of the maxilla to the related morphological changes in three human populations to better understand how morphological variability within a species is established during ontogeny at both micro- and macroscopic levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS The maxillary bones of an ontogenetic sample of 145 subadult and adult individuals from Greenland (Inuit), Western Europe (France, Germany, and Portugal), and South Africa (Khoekhoe and San) were analyzed. Bone formation and resorption were quantified using histological methods to visualize the bone modeling patterns. In parallel, semilandmark geometric morphometric techniques were used on 3D models of the same individuals to capture the morphological changes. Multivariate statistics were applied and shape differences between age groups were visualized through heat maps. RESULTS The three populations show differences in the degree of shape change acquired during ontogeny, leading to divergences in the developmental trajectories. Only subtle population differences in the bone modeling patterns were found, which were maintained throughout ontogeny. Bone resorption in adults mirrors the pattern found in subadults, but is expressed at lower intensities. DISCUSSION Our data demonstrate that maxillary morphological differences observed in three geographically distinct human populations are also reflected at the microscopic scale. However, we suggest that these differences are mostly driven by changes in rates and timings of the cellular activities, as only slight discrepancies in the location of bone resorption could be observed. The shared general bone modeling pattern is likely characteristic of all Homo sapiens, and can be observed throughout ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schuh
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Gunz
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chiara Villa
- Laboratory of Advanced Imaging and 3D modelling, Section of Forensic Pathology, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kornelius Kupczik
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah E Freidline
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
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Brachetta‐Aporta N, Gonzalez PN, Bernal V. Variation in facial bone growth remodeling in prehistoric populations from southern South America. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 169:422-434. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Brachetta‐Aporta
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, División AntropologíaUniversidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET La Plata Argentina
| | - Paula N. Gonzalez
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, División AntropologíaUniversidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET La Plata Argentina
- Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos (CONICET‐HEC‐UNAJ) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Valeria Bernal
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, División AntropologíaUniversidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET La Plata Argentina
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