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Okaba K, Motomura A, Horioka K, Inokuchi G, Chiba F, Hoshioka Y, Saito N, Makino Y, Torimitsu S, Yamaguchi R, Tsuneya S, Yajima D, Iwase H. Prevalence of blood-borne infections in forensic samples: Epidemiology in areas of Chiba, Japan. J Forensic Leg Med 2022; 90:102396. [PMID: 35830766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2022.102396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To statistically clarify the prevalence and risk factors of infections in forensic autopsy cases in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. The aim was to improve preventive measures against infection in forensic autopsies. METHODS We retrospectively investigated the positive detection rates of five infections (hepatitis B, HBV; hepatitis C, HCV; human immunodeficiency virus, HIV; human T-lymphotropic virus, HTLV; Treponema pallidum, TP) using 1491 samples obtained in forensic autopsy at our facility from 2014 to 2018. In addition, risk factors related to infection such as methamphetamine and tattoos were analyzed. Pearson's chi-square test was used for statistical analysis, and the difference was judged to be significant at p < 0.05. RESULTS Among our samples, 9.0% of cadavers tested positive for infection, and the prevalence rates for HBV, HCV, HIV, HTLV, and TP were 1.0%, 6.7%, 0.3%, 0.7%, and 1.1% respectively. Statistically, cadavers linked to information about methamphetamine use had a 7.2 times higher rate of infection, and those with tattoos had a 5.6 times higher rate of infection, with HCV being the predominant cause. CONCLUSIONS To limit the risk of infection among autopsy workers, cadavers and samples should be handled on the presupposition that the bodies are at risk of infections. It is also important to obtain as much information as possible about the medical history and potential illegal drug use to help assess the risk of infection in a patient during forensic autopsy. We propose that all autopsy cases should be screened for infections whenever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Okaba
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan; Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3, Kozunomori Narita City, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan.
| | - Ayumi Motomura
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan; Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3, Kozunomori Narita City, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan; Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kie Horioka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3, Kozunomori Narita City, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Go Inokuchi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan; Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Fumiko Chiba
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan; Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yumi Hoshioka
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Naoki Saito
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Makino
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan; Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Suguru Torimitsu
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan; Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Rutsuko Yamaguchi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan; Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shigeki Tsuneya
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan; Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yajima
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan; Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3, Kozunomori Narita City, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Hirotaro Iwase
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan; Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Luijts T, Elliott K, Siaw JT, Van de Velde J, Beyls E, Claeys A, Lammens T, Larsson E, Willaert W, Vral A, Van den Eynden J. A clinically annotated post-mortem approach to study multi-organ somatic mutational clonality in normal tissues. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10322. [PMID: 35725896 PMCID: PMC9209481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research on normal human tissues identified omnipresent clones of cells, driven by somatic mutations known to be responsible for carcinogenesis (e.g., in TP53 or NOTCH1). These new insights are fundamentally changing current tumor evolution models, with broad oncological implications. Most studies are based on surgical remnant tissues, which are not available for many organs and rarely in a pan-organ setting (multiple organs from the same individual). Here, we describe an approach based on clinically annotated post-mortem tissues, derived from whole-body donors that are routinely used for educational purposes at human anatomy units. We validated this post-mortem approach using UV-exposed and unexposed epidermal skin tissues and confirm the presence of positively selected NOTCH1/2-, TP53- and FAT1-driven clones. No selection signals were detected in a set of immune genes or housekeeping genes. Additionally, we provide the first evidence for smoking-induced clonal changes in oral epithelia, likely underlying the origin of head and neck carcinogenesis. In conclusion, the whole-body donor-based approach provides a nearly unlimited healthy tissue resource to study mutational clonality and gain fundamental mutagenic insights in the presumed earliest stages of tumor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Luijts
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kerryn Elliott
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joachim Tetteh Siaw
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joris Van de Velde
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Beyls
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arne Claeys
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Lammens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Erik Larsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Wouter Willaert
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Vral
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jimmy Van den Eynden
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. .,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
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