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Siwetz M, Widni-Pajank H, Hammer N, Pilsl U, Bruneder S, Wree A, Antipova V. The Course and Variation of the Facial Vein in the Face-Known and Unknown Facts: An Anatomical Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1479. [PMID: 37629769 PMCID: PMC10456631 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The facial vein is the main collector of venous blood from the face. It plays an important role in physiological as well as pathological context. However, to date, only limited data on the course and tributaries of the facial vein are present in contemporary literature. The aim of this study was to provide detail on the course and the tributaries of the facial vein. Materials and Methods: In 96 sides of 53 body donors, latex was injected into the facial vein. Dissection was carried out and the facial vein and its tributaries (angular vein, ophthalmic vein, nasal veins, labial veins, palpebral veins, buccal and masseteric veins) were assessed. Results: The facial vein presented a textbook-like course in all cases and crossed the margin of the mandible anterior to the masseter in 6.8% of cases, while being located deep to the zygomaticus major muscle in all cases and deep to the zygomaticus minor in 94.6% of cases. Conclusions: This work offers detailed information on the course of the facial vein in relation to neighboring structures, which shows a relatively consistent pattern, as well as on its tributaries, which show a high variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Siwetz
- Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, A-8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Hannes Widni-Pajank
- Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, A-8036 Graz, Austria
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klagenfurt Am Wörthersee Clinic, Feschnigstraße 11, A-9020 Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - Niels Hammer
- Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, A-8036 Graz, Austria
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Division of Biomechatronics, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Dresden, D-09126 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrike Pilsl
- Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, A-8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Simon Bruneder
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, A-8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Wree
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstr. 9, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Veronica Antipova
- Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, A-8036 Graz, Austria
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Turan A. The versatility of the reverse superior labial artery flap. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2023; 82:71-80. [PMID: 37149912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2023.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reverse superior labial artery flap was introduced in 2015 as a reconstructive option for medial cheek defects. Notably, this flap can be redesigned as a more effective repair tool for large facial defect reconstruction. In this study, we redesigned the reverse superior labial artery flap to include the vascular territories of the infraorbital and transverse facial arteries in larger sizes for the repair of large facial defects. METHODS A reverse superior labial artery flap was used to repair large facial defects in 17 patients with a mean age of 74 years. The defects were located in the orbital region and entirely nasal sidewall in patient two, buccal region in patient three, and in lower lip and malar areas in patient five. The flap sizes ranged from 3.5 × 10 to 7 × 15 cm. A sensory examination was performed on the flaps at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. The mean follow-up period was 12 months. RESULTS All flaps survived without partial or total loss. In a small number of flaps minor complications such as venous congestion, epidermolysis, and dehiscence were seen. No functional disability was observed in the lower eyelid or lower lip, and the esthetic appearance was evaluated as satisfactory by the patients. In all the flaps, the protective sensation was recovered in the postoperative 12th month. CONCLUSIONS The reverse superior labial artery flap has an extensive arc of rotation, a reliable vascular pedicle, and a large cutaneous paddle. Therefore, this flap may be a versatile surgical repair tool for large cheek defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydın Turan
- Head of the Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Turkey.
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Papazoglou AS, Karagiannidis E, Liatsos A, Bompoti A, Moysidis DV, Arvanitidis C, Tsolaki F, Tsagkaropoulos S, Theocharis S, Tagarakis G, Michaelson JS, Herrmann MD. Volumetric Tissue Imaging of Surgical Tissue Specimens Using Micro-Computed Tomography: An Emerging Digital Pathology Modality for Nondestructive, Slide-Free Microscopy-Clinical Applications of Digital Pathology in 3 Dimensions. Am J Clin Pathol 2023; 159:242-254. [PMID: 36478204 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is a novel, nondestructive, slide-free digital imaging modality that enables the acquisition of high-resolution, volumetric images of intact surgical tissue specimens. The aim of this systematic mapping review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the available literature on clinical applications of micro-CT tissue imaging and to assess its relevance and readiness for pathology practice. METHODS A computerized literature search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL databases. To gain insight into regulatory and financial considerations for performing and examining micro-CT imaging procedures in a clinical setting, additional searches were performed in medical device databases. RESULTS Our search identified 141 scientific articles published between 2000 and 2021 that described clinical applications of micro-CT tissue imaging. The number of relevant publications is progressively increasing, with the specialties of pulmonology, cardiology, otolaryngology, and oncology being most commonly concerned. The included studies were mostly performed in pathology departments. Current micro-CT devices have already been cleared for clinical use, and a Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code exists for reimbursement of micro-CT imaging procedures. CONCLUSIONS Micro-CT tissue imaging enables accurate volumetric measurements and evaluations of entire surgical specimens at microscopic resolution across a wide range of clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Efstratios Karagiannidis
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros Liatsos
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreana Bompoti
- Diagnostic Imaging, Peterborough City Hospital, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, UK
| | - Dimitrios V Moysidis
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Arvanitidis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,LifeWatch ERIC, Sector II-II, Seville, Spain
| | - Fani Tsolaki
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapoditrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Tagarakis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - James S Michaelson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus D Herrmann
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Unique Characteristics and Applications of Reverse Superior Labial Artery Island Flaps: A Case Series. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58081012. [PMID: 36013481 PMCID: PMC9414698 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58081012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The reverse superior labial artery (rSLA) island flap can be used to reconstruct the cheek, ala, columella and vestibule of the nose when other techniques appear insufficient or impractical. The aim of this case series was to present applications of rSLA pedicle flaps in the post-ablative oncologic reconstruction of the face. Patients and Methods: Using a retrospective case-series study design, the investigators enrolled a cohort of patients undergoing procedures involving rSLA flaps treated at a Polish Otolaryngology Department for facial reconstruction after tumour excision. The main outcomes were functional and aesthetic aspects. Descriptive statistics were computed as appropriate. Results and Conclusions: The use of rSLA flaps allows surgeons to obtain a large skin island with only minimal cosmetic and functional alterations. In all of the cases in this series, the use of this pedicle flap resulted in both optimal healing and satisfactory cosmetic and functional outcomes.
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Takagi T, Yamamoto M, Sugano A, Kanehira C, Kitamura K, Katayama M, Sakai K, Sato M, Abe S. Alteration of Oral and Perioral Soft Tissue in Mice following Incisor Tooth Extraction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062987. [PMID: 35328407 PMCID: PMC8951366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral and perioral soft tissues cooperate with other oral and pharyngeal organs to facilitate mastication and swallowing. It is essential for these tissues to maintain their morphology for efficient function. Recently, it was reported that the morphology of oral and perioral soft tissue can be altered by aging or orthodontic treatment. However, it remains unclear whether tooth loss can alter these tissues’ morphology. This study examined whether tooth loss could alter lip morphology. First, an analysis of human anatomy suggested that tooth loss altered lip morphology. Next, a murine model of tooth loss was established by extracting an incisor; micro-computed tomography revealed that a new bone replaced the extraction socket. Body weight was significantly lower in the tooth loss (UH) group than in the non-extraction control (NH) group. The upper lip showed a greater degree of morphological variation in the UH group. Proteomic analysis and immunohistochemical staining of the upper lip illustrated that S100A8/9 expression was higher in the UH group, suggesting that tooth loss induced lip inflammation. Finally, soft-diet feeding improved lip deformity associated with tooth loss, but not inflammation. Therefore, soft-diet feeding is essential for preventing lip morphological changes after tooth loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Takagi
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; (T.T.); (C.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Masahito Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; (T.T.); (C.K.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Aki Sugano
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Tokyo Dental Junior College, 2-9-18, Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan;
| | - Chiemi Kanehira
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; (T.T.); (C.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Kei Kitamura
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan;
| | - Masateru Katayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa General Hospital, 5-11-13, Sugano, Ichikawa 272-8513, Japan;
| | - Katsuhiko Sakai
- Department of Oral Medicine and Hospital Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College, 5-11-13, Sugano, Ichikawa 272-8513, Japan;
| | - Masaki Sato
- Laboratory of Biology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan;
| | - Shinichi Abe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; (T.T.); (C.K.); (S.A.)
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