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Maulina D, Irwanda DY, Audinia S, Nandini SP, Indirasari DT. How supplementary sign features can improve traffic safety among motorcyclists? The effect of capitalization and information length on road sign comprehension. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2023; 24:707-715. [PMID: 37676065 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2023.2250494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Supplementary signs are essential to improve riders' understanding of road signs. In order to attract the rider's attention and ensure the information on the supplementary sign is effectively delivered, a study on the effective ways to display the information in the supplementary sign is needed. The current study examined the effects of capitalization and information length in supplementary signs on road sign comprehension among riders. METHOD A randomized 2 (capitalization: all letters capitalized vs the first letter capitalized) × 2 (information length: long vs. short) factorial design experiment was conducted on 131 young motorcyclists in the Jakarta area. Road sign comprehension was measured using sign comprehension time and sign comprehension level. RESULT A 2 × 2 factorial ANOVA analysis showed a significant effect of information length on sign comprehension time: less information in supplementary signs can increase sign comprehension time. Additionally, a significant interaction was found between capitalization and information length on sign comprehension level: sign comprehension levels would be improved if supplementary signs were presented with capitalization at the beginning of each word and had a long information length. CONCLUSION This study suggests that there is a need to consider the capitalization and length of information in designing supplementary traffic signs. The effective design of supplementary signs could help riders to comprehend the road sign quickly and accurately, thus improving traffic safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Maulina
- Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
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Wei Q, Du X, Lin Y, Hou G, Liu S, Fang H, Jin M. Recognition Mechanism of Dangerous Goods Marks: Evidence from an Event-Related Potential Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5192. [PMID: 36982102 PMCID: PMC10049231 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dangerous goods marks are the most effective means of alerting individuals to the potential dangers associated with the transport of dangerous goods. In order to gain a better understanding of how dangerous goods marks convey risk information, the cognitive processing of dangerous goods marks was examined by measuring event-related potentials (ERPs). We recruited 23 participants, and their ERP data were recorded. We discovered that the dangerous goods marks elicited a larger P200 amplitude and a smaller N300 amplitude, indicating that, compared to other marks, the dangerous goods marks exhibited stronger warning information and drew more attention from the subjects. Simultaneously, dangerous goods marks elicited insufficient emotional arousal in individuals. Therefore, these findings suggest that the designs of dangerous goods marks need to be improved, such as improving the graphic consistency. Changes in ERP patterns can be used to measure the risk perception level of dangerous goods marks, which can be used as an accurate indicator of the effectiveness of warning sign design. In addition, this study provides a theoretical foundation for the cognitive understanding mechanism of dangerous goods marks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wei
- School of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xinyu Du
- School of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- School of Arts and Communication, China University of Geoscience, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yixin Lin
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guanhua Hou
- Pan Tianshou College of Architecture, Art and Design, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- School of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Hao Fang
- School of Art and Design, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Engineering Research Center of Big Data Application in Private Health Medicine, Fujian Province University, Putian 351100, China
| | - Ming Jin
- Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
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Assessment of Traffic Sign Comprehension Levels among Drivers in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE. INFRASTRUCTURES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures6090122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Road traffic signs are part of the road infrastructure components meant to ensure the safe use of roads by motorists and pedestrians alike. A good knowledge and comprehension of road signs helps ensure smooth flow of traffic, improves safety for other motorists and provides drivers with good reaction time to comply with the message dictated by the signs. Abu Dhabi, being the capital of the UAE, brings together people from all over the world for work, business or tourism. Abu Dhabi has quality roads and traffic signage together with an efficient police force that enforces adherence to traffic rules. Despite all these and the reduced fatalities in absolute terms, traffic violations have been increasing exponentially, resulting in five million traffic fines in 2019 for a population of about 2.9 million inhabitants. This study sought to assess motorists’ comprehension of the various traffic signs used across the UAE. The results of the survey (N = 200) revealed that the drivers were able to correctly identify 77% of the road signs in the survey. It was also found that the respondents failed to correctly identify traffic signs within the specific category referred to as “advance warning signs”. Respondents’ education, nationality, gender, and marital status did not have any statistically significant effects on the results compared to earlier studies. It is recommended that more attention be focused on driver education and training.
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Vilchez JL. Mental representation of traffic signs and their classification: informative signs. THEORETICAL ISSUES IN ERGONOMICS SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1463922x.2020.1818868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Vilchez
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador
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Automated Visual Recognizability Evaluation of Traffic Sign Based on 3D LiDAR Point Clouds. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11121453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining the high visual recognizability of traffic signs for traffic safety is a key matter for road network management. Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) systems provide efficient way of 3D measurement over large-scale traffic environment. This paper presents a quantitative visual recognizability evaluation method for traffic signs in large-scale traffic environment based on traffic recognition theory and MLS 3D point clouds. We first propose the Visibility Evaluation Model (VEM) to quantitatively describe the visibility of traffic sign from any given viewpoint, then we proposed the concept of visual recognizability field and Traffic Sign Visual Recognizability Evaluation Model (TSVREM) to measure the visual recognizability of a traffic sign. Finally, we present an automatic TSVREM calculation algorithm for MLS 3D point clouds. Experimental results on real MLS 3D point clouds show that the proposed method is feasible and efficient.
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Taamneh M. Investigating the role of socio-economic factors in comprehension of traffic signs using decision tree algorithm. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2018; 66:121-129. [PMID: 30121098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drivers' ability to comprehend the meaning of traffic signs is essential to safe driving. Drivers' personal characteristics are believed to play a crucial role in determining drivers' comprehension of traffic signs. METHOD This study investigates the role of age, gender, marital status, license category, educational level, driving experience, monthly income, and number of traffic violation during the last five years in drivers' comprehension of 39 posted traffic signs in the city of Irbid, Jordan. These signs include 15 regulatory signs, 17 warning signs, and 7 guidance signs. A total of 400 paper-based surveys were completed by drivers with different socio-economic characteristics. Subsequently, a decision tree was created for each category of traffic signs to identify the most influential factors affecting drivers' comprehension. Each tree was created twice; once using the whole data set for building and validating the tree, and a second time only using 80% of the data for building and 20% for validating. RESULTS The accuracy of the generated trees in predicting drivers' comprehension of regulatory, guidance, and warning traffic signs was 70%, 71%, and 66.5%, respectively, when using the whole data for building and validating the tree, and was 65%, 62.5%, and 61.3%, respectively, when using only 80% of the data for building and the remaining for validating. CONCLUSIONS The generated decision trees showed that driving experience, marital status, age, and education background are the most influential factors in determining drivers' comprehension of traffic signs as they were primary splitters in such trees. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The rules obtained from the decision tree can be utilized by transportation agencies to determine the drivers who need help with understanding the road traffic signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhar Taamneh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hijjawi Faculty for Engineering Technology, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan.
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Alhajyaseen W, Ratrout N, Muley D. Relationship between Chauffeurs’ Demographics, and Knowledge of Traffic Signs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Vilchez JL. Representativity and univocity of traffic signs and their effect on trajectory movement in a driving simulation task: Warning signs. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2017; 18:544-549. [PMID: 27808553 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2016.1255330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect of traffic signs on the behavior of drivers is not completely understood. Knowing about how humans process the meaning of signs (not just by learning but instinctively) will improve reaction time and decision making when traveling. The economic, social, and psychological consequences of car accidents are well known. METHODS This study sounds out which traffic signs are more ergonomic for participants, from a cognitive point of view, and determines, at the same time, their effect in participants' movement trajectories in a driving simulation task. RESULTS Results point out that the signs least representative of their meaning produce a greater deviation from the center of the road than the most representative ones. CONCLUSIONS This study encourages both an in-depth analysis of the effect on movement of roadside signs and the study of how this effect can be modified by the context in which these signs are presented (with the aim to move the research closer to and analyze the data in real contexts). The goal is to achieve clarity of meaning and lack of counterproductive effects on the trajectory of representative signs (those that provoke fewer mistakes in the decision task).
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Li L, Zhang Q. Research on Visual Cognition About Sharp Turn Sign Based on Driver’s Eye Movement Characteristic. INT J PATTERN RECOGN 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s0218001417590121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
As a traffic language, sharp turn sign is a kind of important road infrastructure that indicates a sharp turning will show up at the coming road, warning drivers to slow down to ensure the driving safety. In this paper, real vehicle test was carried out on mountain road with an eye tracker equipment. At different driving speeds, parameters of eye movement characteristics in the visual cognition process of sharp turn signs were collected, including distribution of gaze points, fixation and saccade. Simultaneously, driver’s scan paths of recognizing sharp turn signs with different supporting forms were gathered. The results of the analysis of testing data showed that the dispersion of distribution of gaze points would increase with driving velocity. Saccade was the main method for driver to capture information of sharp turn signs. While driving speed was lower than 60[Formula: see text]km/h, fixation was also one of the methods. For the visual cognition process of sharp turn sign with cantilever, compared to post, the searching scope was wider both in horizontal and vertical directions. This study is beneficial to evaluate the rationality of sharp turn signs, promoting the using efficiency of signs and improving the driving safety on mountain road.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Li
- School of transportation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, P. R. China
| | - Qingnian Zhang
- School of transportation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, P. R. China
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Choocharukul K, Sriroongvikrai K. Road Safety Awareness and Comprehension of Road Signs from International Tourist’s Perspectives: A Case Study of Thailand. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trpro.2017.05.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Khalilikhah M, Heaslip K, Hancock K. Traffic sign vandalism and demographics of local population: A case study in Utah. JOURNAL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING (ENGLISH ED. ONLINE) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtte.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gregory B, Irwin JD, Faulks IJ, Chekaluk E. Differential effects of traffic sign stimuli upon speeding in school zones following a traffic light interruption. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2016; 86:114-120. [PMID: 26545011 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Motorists whose journey has been interrupted by signalized traffic intersections in school zones resume their journey at a faster vehicle speed than motorists who have not been required to stop. Introducing a flashing "check speed" sign 70m after the traffic intersections counteracts this interruptive effect. The present study examined which aspects of a reminder sign are responsible for reducing the speeding behavior of interrupted motorists. When a sign that combines both written text and flashing lights was introduced, interrupted motorists did not speed, traveling on average 0.82km/h below the 40km/h speed limit when measured 100m from traffic intersections. Alternatively, when only the flashing lights were visible the interrupted motorists sped 3.36km/h over the 40km/h speed limit. Similar vehicular speeds were observed when only the written text was visible and when no sign was present (7.67 and 7.49km/h over the 40km/h speed limit, respectively). This indicates that static reminder signs add little value over the absence of a school zone reminder sign; the presence of both cues is necessary to fully offset the interruptive effect. This study also highlights the benefit of using exogenous visual cues in traffic signs to capture drivers' attention. These findings have practical implications for the design and use of traffic signs to increase compliance with posted speed limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bree Gregory
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Julia D Irwin
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Ian J Faulks
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety (CARRS-Q), Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Eugene Chekaluk
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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Siswandari Y, Xiong S. Eye movements and brain oscillations to symbolic safety signs with different comprehensibility. J Physiol Anthropol 2015; 34:42. [PMID: 26653248 PMCID: PMC4676193 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-015-0081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate eye movements and brain oscillations to symbolic safety signs with different comprehensibility. Methods Forty-two young adults participated in this study, and ten traffic symbols consisting of easy-to-comprehend and hard-to-comprehend signs were used as stimuli. During the sign comprehension test, real-time eye movements and spontaneous brain activity [electroencephalogram (EEG) data] were simultaneously recorded. Results The comprehensibility level of symbolic traffic signs significantly affects eye movements and EEG spectral power. The harder to comprehend the sign is, the slower the blink rate, the larger the pupil diameter, and the longer the time to first fixation. Noticeable differences on EEG spectral power between easy-to-comprehend and hard-to-comprehend signs are observed in the prefrontal and visual cortex of the human brain. Conclusions Sign comprehensibility has significant effects on real-time nonintrusive eye movements and brain oscillations. These findings demonstrate the potential to integrate physiological measures from eye movements and brain oscillations with existing evaluation methods in assessing the comprehensibility of symbolic safety signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohana Siswandari
- Department of Human and Systems Engineering, School of Design and Human Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, South Korea.
| | - Shuping Xiong
- Department of Human and Systems Engineering, School of Design and Human Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, South Korea. .,Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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Karacasu M, Ergül B, Altin Yavuz A. Estimating the causes of traffic accidents using logistic regression and discriminant analysis. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2013; 21:305-13. [DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2013.815632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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