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Liu Z, Shi Z, Wei Y, Zhu X, Liu J. Pedestrian behavior among Chinese seniors: Insights from factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37034. [PMID: 39296006 PMCID: PMC11408810 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pedestrians contribute significantly to the total number of road fatalities and injuries, with their behavior playing a pivotal role in traffic mishaps. Despite this, a limited body of research has delved into the walking behaviors of Chinese seniors. Given this gap, our study rigorously examines the patterns of seniors' walking behaviors and their influencing factors. We employed exploratory factor analysis to decipher the intrinsic component structures of seniors' walking patterns in China. Subsequently, structural equation modeling was utilized to analyze the impact of demographic attributes and personality characteristics on these behaviors. The findings revealed a four-dimensional structure for senior walking behaviors: transgression, inattention, aggression, and positive behaviors. Introducing personality traits as variables notably enhanced the explanatory power of our model. Specifically, anger, altruism, and normlessness significantly influenced certain dimensions of walking behaviors, while sensation-seeking did not exhibit any notable effect. This study not only highlights the complexity and diversity of elderly walking behaviors but also underscores the importance of tailored interventions to improve walking safety and quality of life for seniors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan City, China
| | - Ziyang Shi
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Yating Wei
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Xutong Zhu
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Jianrong Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou City, China
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Bayomi A, Shawky M, Osama A. Investigating mid-block pedestrian crossing behaviour and safety at urban streets in Cairo. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2024; 31:72-85. [PMID: 37724513 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2023.2258857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users in the transportation system. Understanding pedestrian behaviour and road safety culture is critical for improving traffic safety in developing countries. The primary goal of this 2-fold study is to provide an investigation of pedestrian behaviour in Egypt, a developing country. The first part of this study validated the applying of Pedestrian Behaviour Scale (PBS) to investigate pedestrian behaviour in Egypt. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was applied to 533 participants to assess the pedestrian's behavioural factors based on four validated categories: transgressions, lapses, aggressive and positive behaviours. The second part investigated pedestrian crossing behaviour at five different mid-block locations using video recordings. Then, logistic regression models were conducted to investigate pedestrian crossing safety. Males reported more aggressive behaviour than females. Pedestrians previously involved in a collision committed more transgressions and lapses. The presence of forced pedestrian crossing facilities, such as raised pedestrian crossings or traffic signals, significantly reduced the number of unsafe crossings when compared to uncontrolled pedestrian crossings. The aforementioned findings can be used by policymakers to improve road safety programs, create effective traffic safety campaigns, and enact appropriate laws, which could reduce the number of pedestrian-related crashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abduallah Bayomi
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Engineering, Center of Mobility Research (CMOR), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shawky
- Department of Infrastructure and Civil Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Osama
- Department of Infrastructure and Civil Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Director, Center of Mobility Research (CMOR), Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zohrehvandi B, Hosseinnia M, Nazari T, Homaie Rad E, Kouchakinejad-Eramsadati L, Khodadadi-Hassankiadeh N. Investigating the behavior of pedestrians and related factors in northern Iran in 2021. Glob Health Promot 2023; 30:31-38. [PMID: 36869640 DOI: 10.1177/17579759231153130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Among all road users, pedestrian behavior is most unpredictable, and our knowledge of pedestrian behavior and compliance in northern Iran is limited. The aim of the study was to determine the self-reporting behavior of pedestrians and related factors in northern Iran in 2021. This cross-sectional study's research tool included demographic characteristics, social characteristics, and a pedestrian behavior questionnaire (PBS - 43 questions). Data collection was randomly performed in 30 different passages around Rasht (a city in the north of Iran). We used the Poisson regression model and statistical software STATA version 15 for data analysis. With increasing age, pedestrians showed better crossing behavior (p < 0.001, β = 0.202), and the behavior of female pedestrians was better than that of male pedestrians (p < 0.001, β -4.79). As pedestrians, those with private jobs had worse crossing behavior than others (p < 0.045, β = 9.380), and those pedestrians who mentioned they were motorcyclists before had worse crossing behavior than others (p < 0.045, β = 9.380). The findings of this study can be used to establish pedestrian safety and preventative planning. In behavior change intervention programs, it is best to target young male pedestrians aiming to walk to their workplace, a private business. In addition, the behavior of pedestrians whose predominant means of transportation is the motorcycle must be corrected. It is necessary to conduct information campaigns and educational programs for pedestrians with common high-risk behaviors, especially errors and violations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Zohrehvandi
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Marjan Hosseinnia
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Taha Nazari
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Enayatollah Homaie Rad
- Determinants of Health Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Vandroux R, Granié MA, Jay M, Sueur C, Pelé M. The pedestrian behaviour scale: A systematic review of its validation around the world. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2022; 165:106509. [PMID: 34864347 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Pedestrian Behaviour Scale (PBS) is a self-report questionnaire that distinguishes five dimensions of pedestrian behaviour: violations, errors, lapses, aggressive behaviours and positive behaviours. This study aimed to meet three objectives: to trace the development of the PBS worldwide from 1997 to 2021, to report on its varied uses and to analyse the scientific validation of the different dimensions of pedestrian behaviour reflected by the PBS and its derivatives. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY In this systematic literature review, we selected all works that cited the 2013 founding study of the PBS as well as all publications that cited the 2017 US validation of PBS which was frequently replicated around the world. We conducted an online database search using Web of Science, Google Scholar, ResearchGate and PubMed. After excluding duplicates, 116 studies were identified. A total of 30 studies were selected to meet our first two objectives and 14 studies were selected to meet our third objective. RESULTS Over time, the PBS has undergone many changes. Overall, we found differences in the scientific validation of this questionnaire depending on the version used, the validation tests performed and the population studied. The original version of the PBS and its Turkish adaptation proved most appropriate for assessing the transgressions dimension. The American version of the PBS proved a suitable alternative but it is more suited to assessing the two independent dimensions of violations and errors. The Chinese version of the PBS (CPBS) proved unsuitable for assessing the lapses dimension, while the original version of the PBS emerged as the best option for assessing aggressive behaviours. The positive behaviour dimension presented many validation difficulties but its assessment by the CPBS seems to be the most appropriate option. CONCLUSION As no systematic review of the PBS has been conducted before, researchers can now make an informed choice of methodology quickly and be guided by our recommendations regarding the use and possible improvements of the different validated versions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romane Vandroux
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien UMR 7178, CNRS, de Strasbourg, France.
| | | | - Mathilde Jay
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien UMR 7178, CNRS, de Strasbourg, France.
| | - Cédric Sueur
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien UMR 7178, CNRS, de Strasbourg, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
| | - Marie Pelé
- Anthropo-Lab, ETHICS EA 7446, Lille Catholic University, France.
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The Effectiveness of Selected Devices to Reduce the Speed of Vehicles on Pedestrian Crossings. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13179678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Accidents involving pedestrians often result in serious injury or death. The main goal of this conducted research is to evaluate selected devices that will help reduce the speed of vehicles on pedestrian crossings. Many devices from a group of “speed control measures” and “mid block tools” (refugee islands, speed tables, and raised pedestrian crossings) are examined to find the most effective ones. In our research, the range of reduction of a vehicle’s speed is used as a main measure of effectiveness, but a wider statistical analysis was conducted as well. One of the results of the research is the identification of three categories of devices referred to as high effectives (good), medium effectives (intermediate), and low or lack of effectives (bad). The content of the paper starts by highlighting the reasons to reduce the vehicle’s speed on pedestrian crossings (as an introduction). Next, we present the description of devices used to reduce the vehicle’s speed with a presentation of the research of their effectiveness. The studies that have been conducted are described in the following chapters: first, the characteristic of method and location, second, with discussion, the results of research and identification of the three categories of devices. The paper is then summarized by conclusions and comments. The research only covered the issues of road traffic engineering. The research was made in Poland, but the conclusions could be useful worldwide due to similar traffic rules and technical solutions.
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Abstract
Road traffic crashes represent a substantial global public health issue. In Saudi Arabia, which is the focus area of this research, road traffic crashes kill over 130,000 people annually, accounting for almost 5% of deaths in that country. A cross-sectional study with 316 participants holding a valid Saudi driver’s license was conducted via the internet from December 2019 to March 2020 to collect information about the prevalence of risky driving habits among Saudi drivers. The sample was predominantly men and aged between 20 and 39, which is representative of the population of drivers in Saudi Arabia. Drivers generally reported engaging in safe behaviors, although they did state that they drove above the legal speed limit, drove aggressively around slow drivers, and became distracted while driving with some frequency. Multivariate analyses suggested men took more risks than women and younger drivers took more risks than older ones. We conclude that the behavior among drivers in Saudi Arabia generally matches those in other cultures and countries, with men and young adults taking the most risks while driving. Preventative strategies should be developed and implemented in Saudi Arabia.
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Yasin YJ, Grivna M, Abu-Zidan FM. Reduction of pedestrian death rates: a missed global target. World J Emerg Surg 2020; 15:35. [PMID: 32430037 PMCID: PMC7236348 DOI: 10.1186/s13017-020-00315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The UN Decade of Action for Road Safety aimed to reduce road traffic deaths by half by year 2020. We aimed to study risk factors affecting global pedestrian death rates overtime, and whether the defined target of its reduction by WHO has been achieved. Methods The studied variables were retrieved from the WHO Global Status Reports on Road Safety published over 2010–2018. These covered years 2007–2016 and included the estimated road traffic death rates per 100,000 population, policies to promote walking and cycling, enforcement levels of national speed limits, the gross national income per capita and the vehicle/person ratio in each country. A mixed linear model was performed to define the factors affecting the change of pedestrian death rates overtime. Results Global pedestrian mortality decreased by 28% over 10 years. This was significant between years 2007 and 2010 (p = 0.034), between years 2013 and 2016 (p = 0.002) but not between 2010 and 2013 (p = 0.06). Factors that reduced pedestrian death rates included time (p < 0.0001), GNI (p < 0.0001), and vehicle/person ratio (p < 0.0001). There was a significant drop overtime in both the middle-income, and high-income countries (p < 0.0001, Friedman test), but not in the low-income countries (p = 0.35, Friedman test). Conclusions Global pedestrian mortality has dropped by 28% over a recent decade, which is less than the 50% targeted reduction. This was mainly driven by improved GNI and using more vehicles. The economical gap between poor and rich countries has a major impact on pedestrian death rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin J Yasin
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Environmental Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Michal Grivna
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fikri M Abu-Zidan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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