1
|
Nicolls M, Truelove V, Stefanidis KB. Examining the impact of interventions in reducing self-reported engagement in distracted driving: A systematic review. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2024; 202:107608. [PMID: 38703591 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2024.107608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Despite the implementation of legal countermeasures, distracted driving remains a prevalent concern for road safety. This systematic review (following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines) summarised the literature on the impact of interventions targeting attitudes/intentions towards, and self-reported engagement in, distracted driving. Studies were eligible for this review if they examined self-reported behaviour/attitudes/intentions pertaining to distracted driving at baseline and post-intervention. Databases searched included PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, and TRID. The review identified 19 articles/interventions, which were categorised into three intervention types. First, all program-based interventions (n = 6) reduced engagement in distracted driving. However, there were notable limitations to these studies, including a lack of control groups and difficulties implementing this intervention in a real-world setting. Second, active interventions (n = 9) were commonly utilised, yet a number of studies did not find any improvements in outcomes. Finally, four studies used a message-based intervention, with three studies reporting reduced intention and/or engagement in distracted driving. There is opportunity for message-based interventions to be communicated effortlessly online and target high-risk driving populations. However, further research is necessary to address limitations highlighted in the review, including follow-up testing and control groups. Implications are discussed with particular emphasis on areas where further research is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Nicolls
- MAIC/UniSC Road Safety Research Collaboration, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, Queensland 4556, Australia.
| | - V Truelove
- MAIC/UniSC Road Safety Research Collaboration, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, Queensland 4556, Australia
| | - K B Stefanidis
- MAIC/UniSC Road Safety Research Collaboration, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, Queensland 4556, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Demir B, Demir S, Wickens CM, Hoseinzadeh Nooshabadi M, Rodak T, Donmez B. Exploring the Behaviour Change Wheel and the Theoretical Domains Framework in interventions for mobile phone driver distraction: A scoping review. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2024; 195:107369. [PMID: 38061292 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Mobile phone use while driving remains a significant traffic safety concern. Although numerous interventions have been developed to address it, there is a gap in the synthesis of relevant information through a comprehensive behaviour change lens. This scoping review uses the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to examine the literature to (a) identify behavioural constructs targeted in interventions for mobile phone use while driving, (b) determine if the intervention success varied by sociodemographic group (e.g., age, gender, driving experience), and (c) map interventions to TDF domains to highlight areas for future research. Following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews, we searched seven databases and identified 5,202 articles. After screening, 50 articles detailing 56 studies met the following inclusion criteria: (a) intervention studies, (b) providing details on methods and results, (c) written in English, and (d) targeting any driver behaviour related to mobile phone use while driving with a bottom-up approach, using not regulation or law enforcement, but individuals' psychological processes, such as cognitive, behavioural, and emotional. Findings show that most interventions targeted young drivers and were typically effective. Except for a few studies, the effectiveness of interventions targeting different sociodemographic groups either remained untested or revealed nonsignificant differences. This finding points to a gap in the literature, indicating a need for further investigation into the efficacy of interventions for different groups, and for tailoring and testing them accordingly. The interventions also often targeted multiple TDF domains, complicating the interpretation of the relative efficacy of specific domains. Most frequently targeted domains included beliefs and consequences, emotions, knowledge, social influence, social/professional role and identity, and behavioural regulation. Physical skills and optimism domains were not targeted in any intervention. Further, almost all interventions addressed deliberate engagement in mobile phone distractions, while the automatic and fast processes involved in such behaviours were often overlooked. Mobile phone distractions are in part habitual behaviours, yet the existing mitigation efforts mostly assumed intentional engagement. More focus on the habitual nature of mobile phone distractions is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basar Demir
- University of Toronto, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada; Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Final International University, Kyrenia via Mersin 10, Türkiye.
| | - Sila Demir
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Final International University, Kyrenia via Mersin 10, Türkiye; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto ON M5S 2S1, Canada.
| | - Christine M Wickens
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto ON M5S 2S1, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Mehdi Hoseinzadeh Nooshabadi
- University of Toronto, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
| | - Terri Rodak
- CAMH Library, Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Birsen Donmez
- University of Toronto, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wingate KC, Pratt S, Ramirez-Cardenas A, Hagan-Haynes K. Risky driving behaviors and employer motor vehicle safety policies among U.S. oil and gas extraction workers. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2023; 86:12-20. [PMID: 37718039 PMCID: PMC10505701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over half of fatal occupational injuries in the oil and gas extraction (OGE) industry are due to transportation incidents. While driving for work is common in this industry and risky driving behaviors have been identified as contributing factors to fatal crashes among OGE workers, limited information is available on the frequency of risky driving behaviors and employer policies to reduce these behaviors. METHODS Researchers conducted a cross-sectional survey of OGE workers in three states. Responses from 363 OGE workers who drive as a part of their work duties were analyzed to evaluate relationships between self-reported risky driving behaviors (i.e., speeding, cell phone use, and driving unbelted) and awareness of motor vehicle safety policies by their employers. RESULTS Hands-free cell phone use was the most common risky driving behavior among participants (59.8%), while a hands-free cell phone ban was the least commonly reported employer motor vehicle safety policy (34.7%). Multiple logistic regression results identified longer work and commuting hours, lack of employer motor vehicle safety policies, having ever been in a work crash, and being employed by an operator to be significantly associated with risky driving behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Workers whose employers lacked motor vehicle safety policies were more likely to engage in risky driving behaviors. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Results of this survey support the implementation of motor vehicle safety interventions such as bans on texting and handheld and hands-free cell phone use, speed management, and in-vehicle monitoring systems by OGE employers as well as research focusing on the effectiveness of these interventions in OGE. Additional research could examine worker driving behaviors through self-reported data in combination with objective measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin C Wingate
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, W 6th Avenue/Kipling Street, Denver, CO 80225, United States
| | - Stephanie Pratt
- Strategic Innovative Solutions, LLC, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Alejandra Ramirez-Cardenas
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, W 6th Avenue/Kipling Street, Denver, CO 80225, United States
| | - Kyla Hagan-Haynes
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, W 6th Avenue/Kipling Street, Denver, CO 80225, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Siddiqui AW, Arshad Raza S, Ather Elahi M, Shahid Minhas K, Muhammad Butt F. Temporal impacts of road safety interventions: A structural-shifts-based method for road accident mortality analysis. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2022; 174:106767. [PMID: 35792475 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2022.106767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Extensive prior research has statistically analyzed the impact of infrastructural, policy, and environmental factors on road accidents, injuries, and mortalities. Most of these studies assumed long-term temporal stability in road safety data. These studies were later criticized for ignoring structural shifts in data over time caused by varying systemic influences such as socioeconomic and environmental factors, as well as major changes to road safety rules and networks. In this work, we proposed a novel four-phase methodology that identifies structural shifts or breaks in the road safety data and subsequently evaluates the role of various factors (including road safety interventions) in causing these breaks. The method is generalized, allowing different modeling bases and assumptions on the underlying data distribution. To demonstrate the merits of this methodology, we used it to investigate road accident mortality patterns in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia and its subregions for the period 2010-2020, when a series of road safety interventions were introduced. The case study analysis revealed the varying impact of these interventions at both the provincial and governorate levels. These results can be used to evaluate the efficacy of road safety interventions. The lessons learned can help to develop more robust road safety management programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atiq W Siddiqui
- College of Business Administration, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, PO Box 1982, Dammam 31451, Saudi Arabia; College of Business Administration, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syed Arshad Raza
- College of Business Administration, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Ather Elahi
- College of Business Administration, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Farhan Muhammad Butt
- Development Services, Lee County, Government Board of County Commissioners, Fort Myers, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kita E, Luria G, Pindek S, Albert G, Lotan T. The use of risk homeostasis theory to reduce smartphone use during low-speed driving. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2022; 168:106596. [PMID: 35180466 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2022.106596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Driving while distracted by smartphones is an unsafe behavior and constitutes a serious worldwide road safety issue. In line with the risk homeostasis theory, during high-speed driving, drivers perceive smartphone usage as an unwarranted risk and in most cases refrain from doing so. During low-speed driving, however, drivers often use their smartphones, as they do not perceive this as inherently unsafe, even though it is. The goal of this study was to examine an intervention, based on the risk homeostasis theory, aimed at decreasing the use of smartphones while driving at low speeds. Thirty-seven young drivers participated in the research group that aimed to alter drivers' risk perceptions, decision making, and behavior. The study also included a control group of 33 young drivers. All of the participants' smartphone usage was monitored using a dedicated application that measured both the number of times drivers touched their smartphone screens while driving and the driving speed each time the screen was touched. The results indicate that drivers in the research group decreased their smartphone usage while driving, unlike the control group drivers who did not alter their behavior. In conclusion, a risk homeostasis-based intervention can decrease dangerous and unsafe driving behavior, even when such behavior is not perceived as significantly dangerous. Furthermore, additional types of risky and unsafe driving behaviors may be decreased using this type of intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erez Kita
- Department of Human Services, Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel; Oryarok - The Association for Safer Driving in Israel, Israel
| | - Gil Luria
- Department of Human Services, Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel.
| | - Shani Pindek
- Department of Human Services, Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel
| | - Gila Albert
- Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Technology Management HIT - Holon Institute of Technology, 52 Golomb St., Office 1/620, Holon 5810201, Israel
| | - Tsippy Lotan
- Oryarok - The Association for Safer Driving in Israel, Israel
| |
Collapse
|