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Ma K, Feng Y, McNally A, Zong Z. Hijacking a small plasmid to confer high-level resistance to aztreonam-avibactam and ceftazidime-avibactam. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 62:106985. [PMID: 37769749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Acquired β-lactamase-encoding genes are typically carried by large plasmids in Gram-negative bacteria, which also commonly carry multi-copy small plasmids. This study found that mobile genetic elements carrying antimicrobial resistance genes are capable of hijacking small plasmids. This study focused on aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI) as this combination can be used to effectively counter almost all β-lactamases produced by bacteria, and has been recommended against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales. A clinical strain (085003) of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli was investigated, and mutants (085003R32 and 085003R512) able to grow under 32/4 and 512/4 mg/L of ATM-AVI were obtained as representatives of low- and high-level resistance, respectively, by induction. Comparative genomics showed that 085003R32 and 085003R512 had a single nucleotide mutation of β-lactamase gene blaCMY-2, encoding a novel CMY with a Thr319Ile substitution, assigned 'CMY-2R'. Cloning and enzyme kinetics were used to verify that CMY-2R conferred ATM-AVI resistance by compromising binding of AVI and subsequent protection of ATM. Mechanisms for the discrepant resistance between 085003R32 and 085003R512 were investigated. Three tandem copies of blaCMY-2R were identified on a self-transmissible IncP1 plasmid of 085003R32 due to IS1294 misrecognizing its end terIS and rolling-circle replication. 085003R512 had only a single copy of blaCMY-2R on the IncP1 plasmid, but possessed anther blaCMY-2R on an already present 4-kb small plasmid. IS1294-mediated mobilization on to this multi-copy small plasmid increased the copy number of blaCMY-2R significantly, rendering higher resistance. This study shows that bacteria can employ multiple approaches to accommodate selection pressures imposed by exposure to varied concentrations of antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- Centre of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Centre for Pathogen Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Alan McNally
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zhiyong Zong
- Centre of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Centre for Pathogen Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
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Eprintsev AT, Komarova NR, Falaleeva MI. Physicochemical and Regulatory Properties of Lactate Dehydrogenase from Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Leaves under Oxygen Deficiency. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Grosch JH, Sieben M, Lattermann C, Kauffmann K, Büchs J, Spieß AC. Enzyme activity deviates due to spatial and temporal temperature profiles in commercial microtiter plate readers. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:519-29. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michaela Sieben
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Biochemical Engineering; Aachen Germany
| | | | - Kira Kauffmann
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Enzyme Process Technology; Aachen Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Enzyme Process Technology; Aachen Germany
| | - Antje C. Spieß
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Enzyme Process Technology; Aachen Germany
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials; Aachen Germany
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Zakhartsev M, Yang X, Reuss M, Pörtner HO. Metabolic efficiency in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in relation to temperature dependent growth and biomass yield. J Therm Biol 2015; 52:117-29. [PMID: 26267506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Canonized view on temperature effects on growth rate of microorganisms is based on assumption of protein denaturation, which is not confirmed experimentally so far. We develop an alternative concept, which is based on view that limits of thermal tolerance are based on imbalance of cellular energy allocation. Therefore, we investigated growth suppression of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the supraoptimal temperature range (30-40°C), i.e. above optimal temperature (Topt). The maximal specific growth rate (μmax) of biomass, its concentration and yield on glucose (Yx/glc) were measured across the whole thermal window (5-40°C) of the yeast in batch anaerobic growth on glucose. Specific rate of glucose consumption, specific rate of glucose consumption for maintenance (mglc), true biomass yield on glucose (Yx/glc(true)), fractional conservation of substrate carbon in product and ATP yield on glucose (Yatp/glc) were estimated from the experimental data. There was a negative linear relationship between ATP, ADP and AMP concentrations and specific growth rate at any growth conditions, whilst the energy charge was always high (~0.83). There were two temperature regions where mglc differed 12-fold, which points to the existence of a 'low' (within 5-31°C) and a 'high' (within 33-40°C) metabolic mode regarding maintenance requirements. The rise from the low to high mode occurred at 31-32°C in step-wise manner and it was accompanied with onset of suppression of μmax. High mglc at supraoptimal temperatures indicates a significant reduction of scope for growth, due to high maintenance cost. Analysis of temperature dependencies of product formation efficiency and Yatp/glc revealed that the efficiency of energy metabolism approaches its lower limit at 26-31°C. This limit is reflected in the predetermined combination of Yx/glc(true), elemental biomass composition and degree of reduction of the growth substrate. Approaching the limit implies a reduction of the safety margin of metabolic efficiency. We hypothesize that a temperature increase above Topt (e.g. >31°C) triggers both an increment in mglc and suppression of μmax, which together contribute to an upshift of Yatp/glc from the lower limit and thus compensate for the loss of the safety margin. This trade-off allows adding 10 more degrees to Topt and extends the thermal window up to 40°C, sustaining survival and reproduction in supraoptimal temperatures. Deeper understanding of the limits of thermal tolerance can be practically exploited in biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Zakhartsev
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Marine and Polar Research (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany; Institute of Biochemical Engineering (IBVT), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), University of Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Xuelian Yang
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering (IBVT), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Matthias Reuss
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering (IBVT), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans Otto Pörtner
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Marine and Polar Research (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany
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Khalilov RA, Dzhafarova AM, Dzhabrailova RN, Emirbekov EZ. Analysis of the kinetic characteristics of lactate dehydrogenase from the rat brain during ischemia and reperfusion. NEUROCHEM J+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712414040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Minireactor-based high-throughput temperature profiling for the optimization of microbial and enzymatic processes. J Biol Eng 2014; 8:22. [PMID: 25126113 PMCID: PMC4128537 DOI: 10.1186/1754-1611-8-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bioprocesses depend on a number of different operating parameters and temperature is one of the most important ones. Unfortunately, systems for rapid determination of temperature dependent reaction kinetics are rare. Obviously, there is a need for a high-throughput screening procedure of temperature dependent process behavior. Even though, well equipped micro-bioreactors are a promising approach sufficient temperature control is quite challenging and rather complex. Results In this work a unique system is presented combining an optical on-line monitoring device with a customized temperature control unit for 96 well microtiter plates. By exposing microtiter plates to specific temperature profiles, high-throughput temperature optimization for microbial and enzymatic systems in a micro-scale of 200 μL is realized. For single well resolved temperature measurement fluorescence thermometry was used, combining the fluorescent dyes Rhodamin B and Rhodamin 110. The real time monitoring of the microbial and enzymatic reactions provides extensive data output. To evaluate this novel system the temperature optima for Escherichia coli and Kluyveromyces lactis regarding growth and recombinant protein production were determined. Furthermore, the commercial cellulase mixture Celluclast as a representative for enzymes was investigated applying a fluorescent activity assay. Conclusion Microtiter plate-based high-throughput temperature profiling is a convenient tool for characterizing temperature dependent reaction processes. It allows the evaluation of numerous conditions, e.g. microorganisms, enzymes, media, and others, in a short time. The simple temperature control combined with a commercial on-line monitoring device makes it a user friendly system.
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Hoover GJ, Van Cauwenberghe OR, Breitkreuz KE, Clark SM, Merrill AR, Shelp BJ. Characteristics of anArabidopsisglyoxylate reductase: general biochemical properties and substrate specificity for the recombinant protein, and developmental expression and implications for glyoxylate and succinic semialdehyde metabolism in planta. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1139/b07-081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive expression of an Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh cDNA (GenBank accession No. AY044183 ) in a succinic semialdehyde (SSA) dehydrogenase-deficient yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen) mutant enables growth on γ-aminobutyrate and significantly enhances the accumulation of γ-hydroxybutyrate. In this report, the cDNA (designated hereinafter as AtGR1) was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli , and the recombinant protein purified to homogeneity. Kinetic analysis of substrate specificity revealed that the enzyme catalyzed the conversion of glyoxylate to glycolate (Km,glyoxylate= 4.5 μmol·L–1) as well as SSA to γ-hydroxybutyrate (Km, SSA= 0.87 mmol·L–1) via an essentially irreversible, NADPH-based mechanism. The enzyme had a 250-fold higher preference for glyoxylate than SSA based on the performance constants (kcat/Km), and with the exception of 4-carboxybenzaldehyde, at least a 100-fold higher preference for SSA than all other substrates tested (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde, 2-carboxybenzaldehyde, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, phenylglyoxal, phenylglyoxylate). In vitro assays of SSA reductase activity in cell-free extracts from Arabidopisis revealed its presence throughout the plant, although its specific activity was considerably higher in leaves at all developmental stages and in reproductive parts than in roots. It is proposed that the enzyme functions in redox homeostasis and the detoxification of both glyoxylate and SSA, in planta, resulting in the production of glycolate and γ-hydroxybutyrate, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon J. Hoover
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Owen R. Van Cauwenberghe
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kevin E. Breitkreuz
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shawn M. Clark
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - A. Rod Merrill
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Barry J. Shelp
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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