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An Improved GC-MS Method for Malondialdehyde (MDA) Detection: Avoiding the Effects of Nitrite in Foods. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091176. [PMID: 35563899 PMCID: PMC9099496 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of the representative end products under lipid peroxidation, indicating the degree of lipid oxidation in foods. However, compounds in pickled products, especially the nitrite in salted lean pork can react with MDA under the acidic condition, leads to the loss of MDA and an underestimation on lipid oxidation through the conventional assay. In this study, the quantification for MDA in the sample containing sodium nitrite were found lacking accuracy by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay and chromatography assay based on alkaline hydrolysis as the reaction between them were difficult to be completely inhibited. Among other trials, the improvement GC-MS analysis utilizing deuterium substituted MDA (MDA-d2) as an internal standard and applying perfluorophenylhydrazine (PFPH) as a derivative reagent can reduce the deviations from the presence of nitrite in the salted lean pork meat and the recovery is between 93.9% and 98.4% and coefficient of variation for the intermediate precision is between 1.1 and 3.5% using the method. The advanced gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC-MS) assay also has a very low detection limit (0.25 ng/mL) with both hydrolysis types.
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Yi F, Liu LZ, Zhang MJ, Wang TT, Ye JN, Chu QC, Huang DP. Electrophoretic Determination of Formaldehyde in Human Urine: Application to Alzheimer’s Disease. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1378661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Zhen Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Jiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, School of Sports and Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Nong Ye
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Cui Chu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Serrano M, Gallego M, Silva M. Analysis of endogenous aldehydes in human urine by static headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1437:241-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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4
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Fernández-Molina JM, Silva M. LC–MS Analytical Method for Biomonitoring of Aliphatic and Aromatic Low-Molecular-Mass Aldehydes in Human Urine. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Antón AP, Ferreira AMC, Pinto CG, Cordero BM, Pavón JLP. Headspace generation coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the automated determination and quantification of endogenous compounds in urine. Aldehydes as possible markers of oxidative stress. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1367:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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6
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Chromatographic determination of low-molecular mass unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes with peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection after fluorescence labeling with 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-hydrazino-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 953-954:147-52. [PMID: 24614624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive, selective and reproducible chromatographic method is described for determination of low-molecular mass unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes in human serum. The method combines fluorescent labeling using 4-(N,N-Dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-hydrazino-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole with peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence. The derivatives were separated on a reversed-phase column C8 isocratically using a mixture of acetonitrile and 90mM imidazole-HNO3 buffer (pH 6.4, 1:1, % v/v). The calibration ranges were: 20-420nM for methylglyoxal, 16-320nM for acrolein, 15-360nM for crotonaldehyde and 20-320nM for trans-2-hexenal. The detection limits were ranged from 4.4 to 6.5nM (88-130fmol/injection), the recovery results were within the range of 87.4-103.8% and the intra and inter-day precision results were lower than 5.5%. The proposed validated method has been successfully applied to healthy, diabetic and rheumatic arthritis patients' sera with simple pretreatment method. In conclusion, this new method is suitable for routine analysis of large numbers of clinical samples for assessment of the oxidative stress state in patients.
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Fernández-Molina JM, Silva M. Improved solid-phase extraction/micellar procedure for the derivatization/preconcentration of benzaldehyde and methyl derivatives from water samples. Talanta 2011; 85:449-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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8
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Baños CE, Silva M. A novel clean-up method for urine analysis of low-molecular mass aldehydes by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1412-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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9
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Baños CE, Silva M. Analysis of low-molecular mass aldehydes in drinking waters through capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2028-36. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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10
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Baños CE, Silva M. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of low-molecular mass aldehydes in human urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:653-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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11
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Yang C, Qiu J, Ren C, Piao X, Li X, Wu X, Li D. Gas flow headspace liquid phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7694-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Headspace in-drop derivatization of carbonyl compounds for their analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 632:208-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Revised: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Eggink M, Wijtmans M, Ekkebus R, Lingeman H, Esch IJPD, Kool J, Niessen WMA, Irth H. Development of a Selective ESI-MS Derivatization Reagent: Synthesis and Optimization for the Analysis of Aldehydes in Biological Mixtures. Anal Chem 2008; 80:9042-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ac801429w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Eggink
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Section of Analytical Chemistry & Applied Spectroscopy, and Department of Pharmacochemistry, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maikel Wijtmans
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Section of Analytical Chemistry & Applied Spectroscopy, and Department of Pharmacochemistry, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reggy Ekkebus
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Section of Analytical Chemistry & Applied Spectroscopy, and Department of Pharmacochemistry, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Lingeman
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Section of Analytical Chemistry & Applied Spectroscopy, and Department of Pharmacochemistry, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iwan J. P. de Esch
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Section of Analytical Chemistry & Applied Spectroscopy, and Department of Pharmacochemistry, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kool
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Section of Analytical Chemistry & Applied Spectroscopy, and Department of Pharmacochemistry, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfried M. A. Niessen
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Section of Analytical Chemistry & Applied Spectroscopy, and Department of Pharmacochemistry, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hubertus Irth
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Section of Analytical Chemistry & Applied Spectroscopy, and Department of Pharmacochemistry, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Gas chromatographic determination of carbonyl compounds in biological and oil samples by headspace single-drop microextraction with in-drop derivatisation. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 609:175-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Fiamegos YC, Stalikas CD. Theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation of headspace in-drop derivatisation single-drop microextraction using aldehydes as model analytes. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 599:76-83. [PMID: 17765066 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Revised: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In-drop derivatisation single-drop microextraction approach can constitute, to a certain degree, a low-cost reasonable alternative to the well-known on-fibre solid-phase microextraction. The headspace mode integrates extraction, preconcentration and derivatisation into a single step from the headspace of a sample. In this study, two low-molecular-weight aldehydes are derivatised in a hanging drop containing 2,4,6-trichlorophenylhydrazine, in a headspace single-drop microextraction configuration system. The single organic drop, dispersed in gas phase, is well covered in this study as a locale of the main reaction. The measurement of diffusion and kinetic parameters and their relationship were designed to reveal, for the first time, inherent mechanistic aspects in such an analytical system. The two-film theory of mass transfer is used to discuss the mechanism along with the calculation of characteristic times and specific rates of absorption. All these, together with certain experimental data may ascertain whether the overall process is reaction rate dependent or limited by mass transfer in the gas phase, at the air-water and air-organic interface or in the organic phase. The descriptors of mass transfer and chemical reaction in a single drop are critically reviewed and reconsidered and the practical aspects for the analysis of volatile organic compounds are highlighted. Relative standard deviations for both aldehydes were 3.4% (n=5) and 4.9% (n=5) for 1 microM of hexanal and 0.3 microM of formaldehyde, respectively. Detection limits for aqueous samples were 0.1 and 0.03 microM for formaldehyde and hexanal, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiannis C Fiamegos
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Gioti EM, Fiamegos YC, Skalkos DC, Stalikas CD. Improved method for the in vitro assessment of antioxidant activity of plant extracts by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–electron capture detection. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1152:150-5. [PMID: 17316667 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2006] [Revised: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The simultaneous monitoring of malondialdehyde, pentanal and hexanal, final products of lipid peroxidation is reported, using a headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) technique with on-fibre derivatisation. The aldehydes are extracted and subjected to on-sorbent derivatisation into stable hydrazones with 2,4,6-trichlorophenylhydrazine (TCPH) and analyzed. The degree of inhibition of oxidation is performed by monitoring the chlorinated hydrazones after thermal desorption, by gas chromatography-electron capture detection. The procedure was employed to evaluate in vitro the antioxidant activity of Hypericum perforatum L. extracts and of the well-known antioxidant vitamin E following induction of oxidation of sunflower oil, as a model lipid system. Prior to the measurement of antioxidant activity, the optimal process conditions, i.e. headspace volume, temperature, agitation, extraction/derivatisation time and desorption time and temperature were properly established. Aqueous extracts of H. perforatum L. exhibited the highest antioxidative effect. The method is shown to be promising for screening purposes for antioxidant substances and natural extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni M Gioti
- University of Ioannina, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Ioannina 451 10, Greece
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