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Cui JB, Wei XX, Zhao R, Zhu H, Shi J, Bierer D, Li YM. Chemical synthesis of disulfide surrogate peptides by using beta-carbon dimethyl modified diaminodiacids. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9021-9025. [PMID: 34611692 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01715b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The replacement of disulfide bridges with metabolically stable isosteres is a promising strategy to improve the stability of disulfide-rich polypeptides towards reducing agents and isomerases. A diaminodiacid-based strategy is one of the most effective methods to construct disulfide bond mimics, but modified diaminodiacids have not been developed till now. Inspired by the fact that alkylation of disulfide bonds can regulate the activity of polypeptides, herein, we report the first example of thioether bridged diaminodiacids incorporating Cys Cβ dimethyl modification, obtained by penicillamine (Pen)-based thiol alkylation. The utility of these new diaminodiacids was demonstrated by the synthesis of disulfide surrogates of oxytocin containing a short-span disulfide bond and of KIIIA with large-span disulfide bonds. This new type of synthetic bridge further extends the diaminodiacid toolbox to facilitate the study of the structure-activity relationship of disulfide-rich peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Bin Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Xiao-Xiong Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Huixia Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Donald Bierer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18A, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Zhao R, Shi P, Chen J, Sun S, Chen J, Cui J, Wu F, Fang G, Tian C, Shi J, Bierer D, Liu L, Li YM. Chemical synthesis and biological activity of peptides incorporating an ether bridge as a surrogate for a disulfide bond. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7927-7932. [PMID: 34094161 PMCID: PMC8163063 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02374d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disulfide bridges contribute to the definition and rigidity of polypeptides, but they are inherently unstable in reducing environments and in the presence of isomerases and nucleophiles. Strategies to address these deficiencies, ideally without significantly perturbing the structure of the polypeptide, would be of great interest. One possible surrogate for the disulfide bridge is a simple thioether, but these are susceptible to oxidation. We report the introduction of an ether linkage into the biologically active, disulfide-rich peptides oxytocin, tachyplesin I, and conotoxin α-ImI, using an ether-containing diaminodiacid as the key building block, obtained by the stereoselective ring-opening addition reaction of an aziridine skeleton with a hydroxy group. NMR studies indicated that the derivatives with an ether surrogate bridge exhibited very small change of their three-dimensional structures. The analogs obtained using this novel substitution strategy were found to be more stable than the original peptide in oxidative and reductive conditions; without a loss of bioactivity. This strategy is therefore proposed as a practical and versatile solution to the stability problems associated with cysteine-rich peptides. We report the first introduction of an ether linkage as surrogate into the disulfide-rich peptides using ether-containing diaminodiacid.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230009 China .,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Pan Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Junyou Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Shuaishuai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Jingnan Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Jibin Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Fangming Wu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China
| | - Gemin Fang
- School of Life Science, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University Hefei 230601 China
| | - Changlin Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Jing Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Donald Bierer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Bayer AG Aprather Weg 18A 42096 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui 230009 China
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Gori A, Wang CIA, Harvey PJ, Rosengren KJ, Bhola RF, Gelmi ML, Longhi R, Christie MJ, Lewis RJ, Alewood PF, Brust A. Stabilisierung eines cysteinreichen Kegelschneckentoxins, MrIA, in Form eines 1,2,3-Triazol-Disulfidbrückenmimetikums. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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4
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Gori A, Wang CIA, Harvey PJ, Rosengren KJ, Bhola RF, Gelmi ML, Longhi R, Christie MJ, Lewis RJ, Alewood PF, Brust A. Stabilization of the Cysteine-Rich Conotoxin MrIA by Using a 1,2,3-Triazole as a Disulfide Bond Mimetic. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:1361-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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5
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Development of an epidermal growth factor derivative with EGFR blocking activity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69325. [PMID: 23935985 PMCID: PMC3728333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)/ErbB family are prime targets for cancer therapy. However, the therapeutic efficiency of the existing anti-ErbB agents is limited. Thus, identifying new molecules that inactivate the ErbB receptors through novel strategies is an important goal on cancer research. In this study we have developed a shorter form of human EGF (EGFt) with a truncated C-terminal as a novel EGFR inhibitor. EGFt was designed based on the superimposition of the three-dimensional structures of EGF and the Potato Carboxypeptidase Inhibitor (PCI), an EGFR blocker previously described by our group. The peptide was produced in E. coli with a high yield of the correctly folded peptide. EGFt showed specificity and high affinity for EGFR but induced poor EGFR homodimerization and phosphorylation. Interestingly, EGFt promoted EGFR internalization and translocation to the cell nucleus although it did not stimulate the cell growth. In addition, EGFt competed with EGFR native ligands, inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells. These data indicate that EGFt may be a potential EGFR blocker for cancer therapy. In addition, the lack of EGFR-mediated growth-stimulatory activity makes EGFt an excellent delivery agent to target toxins to tumours over-expressing EGFR.
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Hong DP, Xiong W, Chang JY, Jiang C. The role of the C-terminus of human α-synuclein: intra-disulfide bonds between the C-terminus and other regions stabilize non-fibrillar monomeric isomers. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:561-6. [PMID: 21237164 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Substantial evidence implicates that the aggregation of α-synuclein (αSyn) is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. This study focuses on the role of αSyn C-terminus. We introduced two additional cysteine residues at positions 107 and 124 (A107C and A124C) to our previous construct. Five X-isomers of oxidative-folded mutation of α-synuclein with three disulfides were isolated and their secondary structures and aggregating features were analyzed. All isomers showed similar random coil structures as wild-type α-synuclein. However, these isomers did not form aggregates or fibrils, even with prolonged incubation, suggesting that the interactions between the C-terminal and N-terminal or central NAC region are important in maintaining the natively unfolded structure of αSyn and thus prevent αSyn from changing conformation, which is a critical step for fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Pyo Hong
- Research Center for Protein Chemistry, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Jiang C, Xiong W, Lu BY, Gonda MA, Chang JY. Synthesis and Immune Response of Non-native Isomers of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Biochemistry 2010; 49:6550-6. [DOI: 10.1021/bi100815n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuantao Jiang
- Research Center for Protein Chemistry, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Wei Xiong
- Research Center for Protein Chemistry, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Bao-Yuan Lu
- Research Center for Protein Chemistry, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030
| | | | - Jui-Yoa Chang
- Research Center for Protein Chemistry, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030
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8
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Chang JY. Conformational Isomers of Denatured and Unfolded Proteins: Methods of Production and Applications. Protein J 2009; 28:44-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-009-9162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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9
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Arolas JL, Bronsoms S, Aviles FX, Ventura S, Sommerhoff CP. Oxidative folding of leech-derived tryptase inhibitor via native disulfide-bonded intermediates. Antioxid Redox Signal 2008; 10:77-85. [PMID: 18004973 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2007.1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Leech-derived tryptase inhibitor (LDTI), comprising 46 residues and a fold stabilized by three disulfide bonds, is the only protein known to inhibit human beta-tryptase with high affinity. The present work examines its oxidative folding and reductive unfolding with chromatographic and disulfide analysis of the trapped intermediates. LDTI folds and unfolds through a sequential oxidation of its cysteine residues that give rise to the accumulation of a few one- and two-disulfide intermediates. Three species containing two native disulfide bonds (IIa, IIb, and IIc) are detected in LDTI folding, but only one (IIb) seems to be productive and oxidizes into the native structure. Stop/go experiments indicate that the intermediates IIa and IIc must reduce or rearrange their disulfide bonds to reach the productive route. The acquisition of the native structure is extremely fast and efficient, probably influenced by the low levels of non-native three-disulfide (scrambled) isomers occurring along the reaction. Finally, the Cys14-Cys40 disulfide bond, buried in native LDTI and formed in IIa and IIb intermediates, appears to be a key factor for both the initiation of folding and the stability of this molecule. Together, the derived data provide a molecular basis for development of new LDTI variants with altered properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan L Arolas
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang M, Kaltashov IA. Mapping of protein disulfide bonds using negative ion fragmentation with a broadband precursor selection. Anal Chem 2007; 78:4820-9. [PMID: 16841900 PMCID: PMC2505194 DOI: 10.1021/ac060132w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fast mapping of disulfide bonds in proteins containing multiple cysteine residues is often required in order to assess the integrity of the tertiary structure of proteins prone to degradation and misfolding or to detect distinct intermediate states generated in the course of oxidative folding. A new method of rapid detection and identification of disulfide-linked peptides in complex proteolytic mixtures utilizes the tendency of collision-activated peptide ions to lose preferentially side chains of select amino acids in the negative ion mode. Cleavages of cysteine side chains result in efficient dissociation of disulfide bonds and produce characteristic signatures in the fragment ion mass spectra. While cleavages of other side chains result in insignificant loss of mass and full retention of the peptide ion charge, dissociation of external disulfide bonds results in physical separation of two peptides and, therefore, significant changes of both mass and charge of fragment ions relative to the precursor ion. This feature allows the fragment ions generated by dissociation of external disulfide bonds to be easily detected and identified even if multiple precursor ions are activated simultaneously. Such broadband selection of precursor ions for consecutive activation is achieved by lowering the dc/rf amplitude ratio in the first quadrupole filter of a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The feasibility of the new method is demonstrated by partial mapping of disulfide bridges within a 37-kDa protein containing 16 cysteine residues and complete disulfide mapping within a lysozyme (14.5 kDa) containing 8 cysteine residues. In addition to detecting peptide pairs connected by a single external disulfide, the new method is also shown to be capable of identifying peptides containing both external and internal disulfide bonds. The two major factors determining the efficiency of disulfide mapping using the new methodology are the effectiveness of proteolysis and the ability of the resulting proteolytic fragments to form multiply charged negative ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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