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Semeniuc CA, Ranga F, Podar AS, Ionescu SR, Socaciu MI, Fogarasi M, Fărcaș AC, Vodnar DC, Socaci SA. Determination of Coenzyme Q10 Content in Food By-Products and Waste by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Diode Array Detection. Foods 2023; 12:2296. [PMID: 37372507 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a vitamin-like compound found naturally in plant- and animal-derived materials. This study aimed to determine the level of CoQ10 in some food by-products (oil press cakes) and waste (fish meat and chicken hearts) to recover this compound for further use as a dietary supplement. The analytical method involved ultrasonic extraction using 2-propanol, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The HPLC-DAD method was validated in terms of linearity and measuring range, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), trueness, and precision. As a result, the calibration curve of CoQ10 was linear over the concentration range of 1-200 µg/mL, with an LOD of 22 µg/mL and an LOQ of 0.65 µg/mL. The CoQ10 content varied from not detected in the hempseed press cake and the fish meat to 84.80 µg/g in the pumpkin press cake and 383.25 µg/g in the lyophilized chicken hearts; very good recovery rates and relative standard deviations (RSDs) were obtained for the pumpkin press cake (100.9-116.0% with RSDs between 0.05-0.2%) and the chicken hearts (99.3-106.9% CH with RSDs between 0.5-0.7%), showing the analytical method's trueness and precision and thus its accuracy. In conclusion, a simple and reliable method for determining CoQ10 levels has been developed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Anamaria Semeniuc
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Floricuța Ranga
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Simona Raluca Ionescu
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria-Ioana Socaciu
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Melinda Fogarasi
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Corina Fărcaș
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sonia Ancuța Socaci
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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An Overview of Analytical Methods for Quantitative Determination of Coenzyme Q10 in Foods. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020272. [PMID: 36837891 PMCID: PMC9964353 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Food analysts have developed three primary techniques for coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) production: isolation from animal or plant matrices, chemical synthesis, and microbial fermentation; this literature review is focused on the first method. Choosing the appropriate analytical method for determining CoQ10 in a particular food product is essential, as this analyte is a quality index for healthy foods; various associations of extraction and quantification techniques are available in the literature, each having advantages and disadvantages. Several factors must be considered when selecting an analytical method, such as specificity, linear range, detection limit, quantification limit, recovery rate, operation size, analysis time, equipment availability, and costs. In another train of thought, the food sector produces a significant amount of solid and liquid waste; therefore, waste-considered materials can be a valuable source of CoQ10 that can be recovered and used as a fortifying ingredient or dietary supplement. This review also pursues identifying the richest food sources of CoQ10, and has revealed them to be vegetable oils, fish oil, organs, and meat.
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Zozina VI, Melnikov ES, Goroshko OA, Krasnykh LM, Kukes VG. Analytical Method Development for Coq10 Determination in Human Plasma Using HPLC-UV and HPLC/MS/MS. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190328215854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:CoQ10 is a very important compound which is found in every tissue of our organism. It participates in the processes of cellular respiration and ATP production. Also, it acts as a strong antioxidant. In an organism, it is represented in two forms: oxidized (ubiquinone) and reduced (ubiquinol). Its low blood level may be a signal for a list of diseases.Materials and Methods:This study developed and compared two methods of CoQ10 determination in order to find the fastest and the most convenient one. The first one involved HPLC-UV with the wavelength of ubiquinone determination equivalent to 290 nm and 275 nm for ubiquinol, respectively. The second one was carried out on an HPLC/MS/MS system utilizing Electrospray Ionization (ESI) and triple quadrupole mass analyzer for quantification in MRM positive mode.Results:Two methods of ubiquinol and ubiquinone determination were developed and validated. HPLC-UV included sample preparation based on liquid-liquid extraction. The LLOQ was 0.50 µg/ml. HPLC-MS/MS method sample preparation was based on protein precipitation. The LLOQ was 0.10 µg/ml.Conclusion:During the investigation, a conclusion was drawn that the HPLC-UV method is too insensitive for simultaneous determination of ubiquinol and ubiquinone. Furthermore, ubiquinol is very unstable and during exogenous factors’ exposure, it rapidly turns into ubiquinone. While, the HPLCMS/ MS method turned out to be sensitive, selective, rapid as it provides an accurate determination of both forms of CoQ10 in spiked human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladlena I. Zozina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Propaedeutics of Internal diseases, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniy S. Melnikov
- A.P. Arzamastsev Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Department of Health I. V. Davydovsky Municipal Clinical Hospital, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medical Products” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A. Goroshko
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medical Products” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Liudmila M. Krasnykh
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medical Products” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir G. Kukes
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Propaedeutics of Internal diseases, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Li D, Deng W, Xu H, Sun Y, Wang Y, Chen S, Ding X. Electrochemical Investigation of Coenzyme Q10 on Silver Electrode in Ethanol Aqueous Solution and Its Determination Using Differential Pulse Voltammetry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:579-89. [DOI: 10.1177/2211068216644442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kumar PKP, Krishna AGG. Effect of Different Deacidification Methods on Phytonutrients Retention in Deacidified Fractionated Palm Oil. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-015-2626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Strachecka A, Olszewski K, Paleolog J, Borsuk G, Bajda M, Krauze M, Merska M, Chobotow J. Coenzyme Q10 treatments influence the lifespan and key biochemical resistance systems in the honeybee, Apis mellifera. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 86:165-179. [PMID: 24659567 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural bioactive preparations that will boost apian resistance, aid body detoxification, or fight crucial bee diseases are in demand. Therefore, we examined the influence of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10, 2,3-dimethoxy, 5-methyl, 6-decaprenyl benzoquinone) treatment on honeybee lifespan, Nosema resistance, the activity/concentration of antioxidants, proteases and protease inhibitors, and biomarkers. CoQ10 slows age-related metabolic processes. Workers that consumed CoQ10 lived longer than untreated controls and were less infested with Nosema spp. Relative to controls, the CoQ10-treated workers had higher protein concentrations that increased with age but then they decreased in older bees. CoQ10 treatments increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, GPx, catalase, glutathione S-transferase), protease inhibitors, biomarkers (aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase), the total antioxidant potential level, and concentrations of uric acid and creatinine. The activities of acidic, neutral, and alkaline proteases, and concentrations of albumin and urea were lower in the bees that were administered CoQ10. CoQ10 could be taken into consideration as a natural diet supplement in early spring before pollen sources become available in the temperate Central European climate. A response to CoQ10 administration that is similar to mammals supports our view that Apis mellifera is a model organism for biochemical gerontology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Strachecka
- Department of Biological Basis of Animal Production, Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Turkowicz MJ, Karpińska J. Analytical problems with the determination of coenzyme Q10 in biological samples. Biofactors 2013; 39:176-85. [PMID: 23303649 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The article discusses analytical problems related to the determination of coenzyme Q10 in biological samples. The assaying of coenzyme Q10 in complex samples, such as plasma, tissues, or food items requires meticulous sample preparation prior to final quantification. The process typically consists of the following steps: deproteinization, extraction, and ultimately reduction of extract volumes. At times drying under a gentle stream of neutral gas is applied. In the case of solid samples, a careful homogenization is also required. Each step of the sample preparation process can be a source of analytical errors that may lead to inaccurate results. The main aim of this work is to point to sources of analytical errors in the preparation process and their relation to physicochemical properties of coenzyme Q10. The article also discusses ways of avoiding and reducing the errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Joanna Turkowicz
- Voivodship Sanitary-Epidemiological Station in Bialystok, Food Examination Unit, Białystok, Poland.
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Xue X, Zhao J, Chen L, Zhou J, Yue B, Li Y, Wu L, Liu F. Analysis of coenzyme Q10 in bee pollen using online cleanup by accelerated solvent extraction and high performance liquid chromatography. Food Chem 2012; 133:573-8. [PMID: 25683435 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A method for the determination of coenzyme Q10 in bee pollen has been developed applying an online cleanup of accelerated solvent extraction and using environmentally acceptable organic solvents. The extracted samples were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The optimised method employed 10 mL extraction cells, 1g sample size, absolute ethanol as extraction solvent, 80°C of extraction temperature, one extraction cycle, 5 min of static time, Cleanert Alumina-N as sorbent and 60% flush volume. The method was validated by means of an evaluation of the matrix effects, linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), trueness, precision and stability. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 0.25-200mg/L and the LOD and LOQ were 0.16 and 0.35 mg/kg, respectively. The recoveries were above 90%. The inter- and intra-day precision was below 6.3%. The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of bee pollen samples. For 20 bee pollen products, the coenzyme Q10 content varied from not detectable to 192.8 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Xue
- Department of Applied chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Apiculture Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Apicultural Branch Center, Research and Development Center of National Agro-food Processing Technology, Beijing 102202, China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institute of Apiculture Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Apicultural Branch Center, Research and Development Center of National Agro-food Processing Technology, Beijing 102202, China
| | - Lanzhen Chen
- Institute of Apiculture Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Apicultural Branch Center, Research and Development Center of National Agro-food Processing Technology, Beijing 102202, China
| | - Jinhui Zhou
- Institute of Apiculture Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Apicultural Branch Center, Research and Development Center of National Agro-food Processing Technology, Beijing 102202, China
| | - Bing Yue
- Institute of Apiculture Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Apicultural Branch Center, Research and Development Center of National Agro-food Processing Technology, Beijing 102202, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Apiculture Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Apicultural Branch Center, Research and Development Center of National Agro-food Processing Technology, Beijing 102202, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Institute of Apiculture Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Apicultural Branch Center, Research and Development Center of National Agro-food Processing Technology, Beijing 102202, China
| | - Fengmao Liu
- Department of Applied chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Voltammetric determination of coenzyme Q10 in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Bioelectrochemistry 2008; 73:30-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Revised: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 04/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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