1
|
Hecko S, Schiefer A, Badenhorst CPS, Fink MJ, Mihovilovic MD, Bornscheuer UT, Rudroff F. Enlightening the Path to Protein Engineering: Chemoselective Turn-On Probes for High-Throughput Screening of Enzymatic Activity. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2832-2901. [PMID: 36853077 PMCID: PMC10037340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Many successful stories in enzyme engineering are based on the creation of randomized diversity in large mutant libraries, containing millions to billions of enzyme variants. Methods that enabled their evaluation with high throughput are dominated by spectroscopic techniques due to their high speed and sensitivity. A large proportion of studies relies on fluorogenic substrates that mimic the chemical properties of the target or coupled enzymatic assays with an optical read-out that assesses the desired catalytic efficiency indirectly. The most reliable hits, however, are achieved by screening for conversions of the starting material to the desired product. For this purpose, functional group assays offer a general approach to achieve a fast, optical read-out. They use the chemoselectivity, differences in electronic and steric properties of various functional groups, to reduce the number of false-positive results and the analytical noise stemming from enzymatic background activities. This review summarizes the developments and use of functional group probes for chemoselective derivatizations, with a clear focus on screening for enzymatic activity in protein engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hecko
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Schiefer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoffel P S Badenhorst
- Institute of Biochemistry, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael J Fink
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Marko D Mihovilovic
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Florian Rudroff
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheeseman J, Kuhnle G, Spencer DI, Osborn HM. Assays for the identification and quantification of sialic acids: Challenges, opportunities and future perspectives. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 30:115882. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
3
|
A selective probe based on 3‑aminophenyl boronic acid assembly on dithiobis(succinimidylpropionate) functionalized gold nanoparticles for sialic acid detection in human serum. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.02.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
4
|
Subaraja M, Janardhanam Vanisree A. Aberrant neurotransmissional mRNAs in cerebral ganglions of rotenone-exposed Lumbricus terrestris exhibiting motor dysfunction and altered cognitive behavior. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:14461-14472. [PMID: 30868461 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rotenone (ROT) was shown to affect cerebral ganglions (CGs) of Lumbricus terrestris as a pioneering observation in our earlier investigation. Though ROT is a well-known neurotoxin causing neurodegeneration (ND), the precipitation of movement dysfunction remains largely unknown. We have designed the current study to analyze motor abnormalities in worms by exposing them to different concentrations (0.0-0.4 ppm) of ROT for 7 days. GABA, cholinergic receptor, serotonin transporter (SERT), acetylcholine esterase (AchE), and dopamine-β-hydroxylase that are well known for their involvement in neuromuscular junctions were investigated by qRT-PCR. Further, neuronal mitochondrial genes (cytochrome C oxidase-2, NADH deydrogenase-1, cytochrome-b) and actin-1 that are essential for regeneration and calreticulin (phagocytosis) were investigated. The levels of neurotransmitters, lipids, ATPase, neuronal behavior analyses, and fluorescence analysis (lipid droplets) were performed in CGs which showed significant variations at 0.3 ppm. Ultrastructural changes in lipid droplet and neuromelatonin were prominent in 0.3 ppm. Dose-dependent effect of ROT on behavior alteration and expression of m-RNAs studied suggested that at 0.3 ppm, it could deteriorate motor and cognitive functions. We predict that perhaps, by virtue of its effect on cerebral ganglionic genes and their neurotransmitting potential, ROT may cause morbidities that resemble features characteristic of hemiparkinsonic degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamangam Subaraja
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 025, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
A glassy carbon electrode modified with molecularly imprinted poly(aniline boronic acid) coated onto carbon nanotubes for potentiometric sensing of sialic acid. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:270. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
6
|
Hľasová Z, Košík I, Ondrejovič M, Miertuš S, Katrlík J. Methods and Current Trends in Determination of Neuraminidase Activity and Evaluation of Neuraminidase Inhibitors. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 49:350-367. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1531692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Hľasová
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences of University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Košík
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Miroslav Ondrejovič
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences of University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Miertuš
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences of University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia
- International Centre for Applied Research and Sustainable Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Katrlík
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Colorimetric determination of sialic acid based on boronic acid-mediated aggregation of gold nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:409. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2951-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
8
|
Nucleotide sugar precursor feeding strategy to enhance sialylation of albumin-erythropoietin in CHO cell cultures. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
9
|
Abstract
In this study, the relationship between the dissociation of κ-casein from casein micelles due to heat-induced denaturation and the strength of acid milk gel was investigated. The κ-casein-dissociated micelles were fractionated by gel filtration chromatography and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and their zeta potential and surface hydrophobicity were measured. The negative charge of the κ-casein-dissociated micelles was lower than that of native micelles, and micellar surface hydrophobicity was higher. For confirmation, the isoelectric point of the casein micelles was measured. The κ-casein-dissociated micelles were found to cohere at an earlier stage of acidification than the native micelles. These results demonstrated that the heat-induced increase in the strength of acid milk gel was partly due to the decrease in micellar surface charge and partly to the increase in surface hydrophobicity caused by the dissociation of κ-casein.
Collapse
|
10
|
Cha HM, Lim JH, Yeon JH, Hwang JM, Kim DI. Co-overexpression of Mgat1 and Mgat4 in CHO cells for production of highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 103:53-58. [PMID: 28554385 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Terminal sialic acids on N-glycan of recombinant human erythropoietin are very important for in vivo half-life, as this glycoprotein has three N-glycosylation sites. N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases I, II, IV, and V (i.e. Mgat1, Mgat2, Mgat4, and Mgat5) catalyze the formation of a glycan antennary structure. These enzymes display different reaction kinetics for a common substrate and generally show low expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Therefore, genetic control of Mgat expression is an effective method to increase sialic acid contents by enhancing glycan antennarity. To produce highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin (Alb-EPO), we co-overexpressed the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes in CHO cells and determined the optimal ratio of Mgat1:Mgat4 gene expression. All transfected cell lines showed increased gene expression of Mgat4, including Mgat1 overexpressing cell line. Sialic acid content of Alb-EPO was highest in co-transfected cells with excess Mgat4 gene, and these cells showed a higher tri- and tetra-antennary structure than control cells. Based on these results, we suggest that co-transfection of the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes at a ratio of 2:8 is optimal for extension of antennary structures. Also, regulation of Mgat gene expression in the glycan biosynthesis pathway can be a novel approach to increase the terminal sialic acids of N-glycans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Myoung Cha
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyuk Lim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Heum Yeon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Hwang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Il Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang M, Soroka I, Jonsson M. Exploring the limitations of the Hantzsch method used for quantification of hydroxyl radicals in systems of relevance for interfacial radiation chemistry. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
12
|
Polydiglycosylphosphate Transferase PdtA (SCO2578) of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) Is Crucial for Proper Sporulation and Apical Tip Extension under Stress Conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:5661-72. [PMID: 27422828 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01425-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although anionic glycopolymers are crucial components of the Gram-positive cell envelope, the relevance of anionic glycopolymers for vegetative growth and morphological differentiation of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) is unknown. Here, we show that the LytR-CpsA-Psr (LCP) protein PdtA (SCO2578), a TagV-like glycopolymer transferase, has a dual function in the S. coelicolor A3(2) life cycle. Despite the presence of 10 additional LCP homologs, PdtA is crucial for proper sporulation. The integrity of the spore envelope was severely affected in a pdtA deletion mutant, resulting in 34% nonviable spores. pdtA deletion caused a significant reduction in the polydiglycosylphosphate content of the spore envelope. Beyond that, apical tip extension and normal branching of vegetative mycelium were severely impaired on high-salt medium. This growth defect coincided with the mislocalization of peptidoglycan synthesis. Thus, PdtA itself or the polydiglycosylphosphate attached to the peptidoglycan by the glycopolymer transferase PdtA also has a crucial function in apical tip extension of vegetative hyphae under stress conditions. IMPORTANCE Anionic glycopolymers are underappreciated components of the Gram-positive cell envelope. They provide rigidity to the cell wall and position extracellular enzymes involved in peptidoglycan remodeling. Although Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), the model organism for bacterial antibiotic production, is known to produce two distinct cell wall-linked glycopolymers, teichulosonic acid and polydiglycosylphosphate, the role of these glycopolymers in the S. coelicolor A3(2) life cycle has not been addressed so far. This study reveals a crucial function of the anionic glycopolymer polydiglycosylphosphate for the growth and morphological differentiation of S. coelicolor A3(2). Polydiglycosylphosphate is attached to the spore wall by the LytR-CpsA-Psr protein PdtA (SCO2578), a component of the Streptomyces spore wall-synthesizing complex (SSSC), to ensure the integrity of the spore envelope. Surprisingly, PdtA also has a crucial role in vegetative growth under stress conditions and is required for proper peptidoglycan incorporation during apical tip extension.
Collapse
|
13
|
A toolbox to measure changes in the cell wall glycopolymer composition during differentiation of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). J Microbiol Methods 2016; 128:52-57. [PMID: 27401190 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall glycopolymers (CWG) represent an important component of the Gram-positive cell envelope with many biological functions. The mycelial soil bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) incorporates two distinct CWGs, polydiglycosylphosphate (PDP) and teichulosonic acid, into the cell wall of its vegetative mycelium but only little is known about their role in the complex life cycle of this microorganism. In this study we established assays to measure the total amount of CWGs in mycelial cell walls and spore walls, to quantify the individual CWGs and to determine the length of PDP. By applying these assays, we discovered that the relative amount of CWGs, especially of PDP, is reduced in spores compared to vegetative mycelium. Furthermore we found that PDP extracted from mycelial cell walls consisted of at least 19 repeating units, whereas spore walls contained substantially longer PDP polymers.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang J, Xu G, Wei F, Yang J, Zhou P, Hu Q. A novel Fe3O4/CdTe fluorescence probe for sialic acid detection based on a phenylboronic acid–sialic acid recognition system. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17171g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel fluorescence method was established for detecting sialic acid (SA) by using phenylboronic acid (PBA)-functionalized Fe3O4/CdTe magnetic nanoparticles as fluorescence probe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinna Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing
- PR China
| | - Guanhong Xu
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing
- PR China
| | - Fangdi Wei
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing
- PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing
- PR China
| | - Ping Zhou
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing
- PR China
| | - Qin Hu
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing
- PR China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shi Y, Xu X, Fang M, Zhang M, Li Y, Gillespie B, Yorke S, Yang N, McKew JC, Gahl WA, Huizing M, Carrillo-Carrasco N, Wang AQ. Quantitative hydrophilic interaction chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of N-acetylneuraminic acid and N-acetylmannosamine in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1000:105-11. [PMID: 26218770 PMCID: PMC4544686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac or NANA) is the most predominant sialic acid in mammals. As a terminal component in many glycoproteins and glycolipids, sialic acid is believed to be an important biomarker related to various diseases. Its precursor, N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc), is being investigated as a potential treatment for GNE myopathy. In this work, we developed two highly sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods for the quantitation of ManNAc and free Neu5Ac in human plasma. A fit-for-purpose approach was adopted during method validation and sample analysis. To measure the endogenous compounds and overcome the interference from plasma samples, a surrogate matrix that contained 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used for the preparation of calibration standards and certain levels of quality control (QC) samples. QC samples at higher concentrations were prepared in the authentic matrix (human plasma) to best mimic incurred samples. For both methods, an Ostro 96-well phospholipid removal plate was used for sample extraction, which efficiently removed the phospholipids from the plasma samples prior to LC injection, eliminated matrix effect, and improved sensitivity. Chromatographic separation was achieved using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and gradient elution in order to retain the two polar compounds. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) for ManNAc and Neu5Ac was 10.0 and 25.0ng/mL, respectively. The overall accuracy of the two assays was within 100%±8.3% based on three levels of QC samples. Inter- and intra-run precision (coefficient of variation (%CV)) across three analytical runs was less than 6.7% for ManNAc and less than 10.8% for Neu5Ac. These methods have been validated to support clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Shi
- Alliance Pharma, 17 Lee Boulevard, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
| | - Xin Xu
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Meng Fang
- Alliance Pharma, 17 Lee Boulevard, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Michael Zhang
- Alliance Pharma, 17 Lee Boulevard, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Yinghe Li
- Alliance Pharma, 17 Lee Boulevard, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Brad Gillespie
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Selwyn Yorke
- New Zealand Pharmaceuticals, 68 Weld Street, RD2, Palmerston North 4472, New Zealand
| | - Nora Yang
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - John C McKew
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20895, USA
| | - Marjan Huizing
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20895, USA
| | - Nuria Carrillo-Carrasco
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Amy Qiu Wang
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fluorescently labelled glycans and their applications. Glycoconj J 2015; 32:559-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9611-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
17
|
Veerapandian M, Zhu XX, Giasson S. Chitosan-modified silver@ruthenium hybrid nanoparticles: evaluation of physico-chemical properties and bio-affinity with sialic acid. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:665-672. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01475h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid nanoparticle system composed of silver, ruthenium and chitosan for selective recognition of sialic acid based on fluorescence quenching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - X. X. Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- Université de Montréal
- Montreal
- Canada
| | - Suzanne Giasson
- Department of Chemistry
- Université de Montréal
- Montreal
- Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
First Evaluation of the Biologically Active Substances and Antioxidant Potential of Regrowth Velvet Antler by means of Multiple Biochemical Assays. J CHEM-NY 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/975292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the biologically active substances contained in RVA (regrowth velvet antler) by comparing the composition of biologically active substances and antioxidant potential of different antler segments. RVA was subjected to extraction using DW (distilled water). RVA was divided into 3 segments: T-RVA (top RVA), M-RVA (middle RVA), and B-RVA (base RVA). The T-RVA section possessed the greatest amounts of uronic acid (36.251 mg/g), sulfated GAGs (sulfated glycosaminoglycans) (555.76 mg/g), sialic acid (111.276 mg/g), uridine (0.957 mg/g), uracil (1.084 mg/g), and hypoxanthine (1.2631 mg/g). In addition, the T-RVA section possessed the strongest antioxidant capacity as determined by DPPH, H2O2(hydrogen peroxide), hydroxyl, and ABTS (2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) radical scavenging activity as well as FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity). The values of those were 53.44, 23.09, 34.12, 60.31, and 35.81 TE/μM at 1 mg/mL and 113.57 TE/μM at 20 μg/mL. These results indicate that the T-RVA section possesses the greatest amount of biologically active substances and highest antioxidant potential. This is the first report on the biologically active substances and antioxidant potential of RVA.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Q, Wang B, Ma M, Cai Z. A Sensitive and Selective Fluorimetric Method of Quick Determination of Sialic Acids in Egg Products by Lectin-CdTe Quantum Dots as Nanoprobe. J Food Sci 2014; 79:C2434-40. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Natl. R&D Center for Egg Processing; Food Science and Technology College; Huazhong Agricultural Univ; 1 Shizishan St; Wuhan Hubei 430070 China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Natl. R&D Center for Egg Processing; Food Science and Technology College; Huazhong Agricultural Univ; 1 Shizishan St; Wuhan Hubei 430070 China
| | - Meihu Ma
- Natl. R&D Center for Egg Processing; Food Science and Technology College; Huazhong Agricultural Univ; 1 Shizishan St; Wuhan Hubei 430070 China
| | - Zhaoxia Cai
- Natl. R&D Center for Egg Processing; Food Science and Technology College; Huazhong Agricultural Univ; 1 Shizishan St; Wuhan Hubei 430070 China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhou Y, Dong H, Liu L, Liu J, Xu M. A novel potentiometric sensor based on a poly(anilineboronic acid)/graphene modified electrode for probing sialic acid through boronic acid-diol recognition. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 60:231-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
21
|
Fatoni A, Numnuam A, Kanatharana P, Limbut W, Thavarungkul P. A Conductive Porous Structured Chitosan-grafted Polyaniline Cryogel for use as a Sialic Acid Biosensor. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
22
|
Cai ZP, Hagan AK, Wang MM, Flitsch SL, Liu L, Voglmeir J. 2-Pyridylfuran: A New Fluorescent Tag for the Analysis of Carbohydrates. Anal Chem 2014; 86:5179-86. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501393a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Peng Cai
- Glycomics
and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science
and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Andrew Kevin Hagan
- Glycomics
and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science
and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Mao Mao Wang
- Glycomics
and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science
and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Sabine Lahja Flitsch
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Li Liu
- Glycomics
and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science
and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Josef Voglmeir
- Glycomics
and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science
and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Holck J, Larsen DM, Michalak M, Li H, Kjærulff L, Kirpekar F, Gotfredsen CH, Forssten S, Ouwehand AC, Mikkelsen JD, Meyer AS. Enzyme catalysed production of sialylated human milk oligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides by Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase. N Biotechnol 2014; 31:156-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
24
|
Sterba J, Vancova M, Sterbova J, Bell-Sakyi L, Grubhoffer L. The majority of sialylated glycoproteins in adult Ixodes ricinus ticks originate in the host, not the tick. Carbohydr Res 2014; 389:93-9. [PMID: 24680516 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The presence of sialylated structures in tick organs was observed previously using lectin staining. Recently, we demonstrated the presence of sialylated N-glycans using mass spectrometry in tick salivary glands and the gut. However, we proposed a host (blood) origin for these glycans and mapped the transport of sialylated molecules from the gut to the salivary glands. In this report, we performed quantitation of whole sialic acid and of metabolically incorporated sialic acid (N-azido neuraminic acid) in Ixodes ricinus tick samples. We show that the majority of sialylated molecules in the adult tick originate in the host (blood) and are not synthesized by the tick. Similar results were observed for tick cell cultures. The almost complete absence of tick sialylated molecules and the specific transport and localization of host structures into the tick salivary glands and the saliva raises many questions on the role of these molecules in the physiology and, specifically, the blood-feeding of ticks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sterba
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the ASCR, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Marie Vancova
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the ASCR, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jarmila Sterbova
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the ASCR, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Lesley Bell-Sakyi
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom.
| | - Libor Grubhoffer
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the ASCR, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Neelima, Sharma R, Rajput YS, Mann B. Chemical and functional properties of glycomacropeptide (GMP) and its role in the detection of cheese whey adulteration in milk: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 93:21-43. [PMID: 23396893 PMCID: PMC3567326 DOI: 10.1007/s13594-012-0095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a C-terminal part (f 106–169) of kappa-casein which is released in whey during cheese making by the action of chymosin. GMP being a biologically active component has gained much attention in the past decade. It also has unique chemical and functional properties. Many of the biological properties have been ascribed to the carbohydrate moieties attached to the peptide. The unique set of amino acids in GMP makes it a sought-after ingredient with nutraceutical properties. Besides its biological activity, GMP has several interesting techno-functional properties such as wide pH range solubility, emulsifying properties as well as foaming abilities which are shown to be promising for applications in food and nutrition industry. These properties of GMP have given new dimension for the profitable utilization of cheese whey to the dairy industry. A number of protocols for isolation of GMP from cheese whey have been reported. Moreover, its role in detection of sweet/rennet whey adulteration in milk and milk products has also attracted attention of various researchers, and many GMP-specific analytical methods have been proposed. This review discusses the chemico-functional properties of GMP and its role in the detection methods for checking cheese or sweet whey adulteration in milk. Recent concepts used in the isolation of GMP from cheese whey have also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neelima
- Dairy Chemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Direct estimation of sialic acid in milk and milk products by fluorimetry and its application in detection of sweet whey adulteration in milk. J DAIRY RES 2012; 79:495-501. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029912000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid, being a biologically active compound, is recognised as an important component of milk and milk products. Almost all the sialic acid estimation protocols in milk require prior hydrolysis step to release the bound sialic acid followed by its estimation. The objective of this work was to estimate sialic acid in milk and milk products by fluorimetric assay which does not require a prior hydrolysis step thus decreasing the estimation time. The recovery of added sialic acid in milk was 91·6 to 95·8%. Sialic acid in milk was found to be dependent on cattle breed and was in the range of 1·68–3·93 g/kg (dry matter basis). The assay was further extended to detect adulteration of milk with sweet whey which is based on the detection of glycomacropeptide (GMP) bound sialic acid in adulterated milk. GMP is the C-terminal part of κ-casein which is released into the whey during cheese making. For detection of adulteration, selective precipitation of GMP was done using trichloroacetic acid (TCA). TCA concentration in milk was first raised to 5% to precipitate milk proteins, especially κ-casein, followed by raising the TCA concentration to 14% to precipitate out GMP. In the precipitates GMP bound sialic acid was estimated using fluorimetric method and the fluorescence intensity was found to be directly proportional to the level of sweet whey in adulterated milk samples. The method was found to detect the presence of 5% sweet whey in milk.
Collapse
|
27
|
Measurement of free and total sialic acid by isotopic dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:3694-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
28
|
Wang Z, Park JH, Park HH, Tan W, Park TH. Enhancement of recombinant human EPO production and sialylation in chinese hamster ovary cells through Bombyx mori 30Kc19 gene expression. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:1634-42. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.23091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
29
|
Hayama T, Sakaguchi Y, Yoshida H, Itoyama M, Todoroki K, Yamaguchi M, Nohta H. Fluorous derivatization combined with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: a method for the selective and sensitive determination of sialic acids in biological samples. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:2868-2874. [PMID: 20857447 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a novel method for selective and sensitive analysis of sialic acids (N-acetylneuraminic, N-glycolylneuraminic, and 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galactonononic acid) utilizing liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) combined with a fluorous derivatization technique. In this method, the carboxylic groups in the sialic acids are derivatized via amidation with heptadecafluoroundecylamine, a commercially available perfluoroalkylamine reagent. This reaction proceeds rapidly and readily at room temperature in the presence of a condensation reagent. Subsequently, the derivatives are retained specifically on an LC column with a perfluoroalkyl stationary phase by means of a fluorophilic or 'fluorous' interaction, and detected by positive electrospray ionization MS/MS. The detection limits of the examined sialic acids are in the range of 60-750 amol on column. We show that the proposed method can be used to analyze trace amounts of sialic acids in biological samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Hayama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hoang V, Williams M, Simpson H. Monosaccharide composition of fundic and duodenal mucins in sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus or Teladorsagia circumcincta. Vet Parasitol 2010; 170:253-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
31
|
Hoang VC, Williams MAK, Simpson HV. Effects of weaning and infection with Teladorsagia circumcincta on mucin carbohydrate profiles of early weaned lambs. Vet Parasitol 2010; 171:354-60. [PMID: 20434846 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Differences in mucin glycosylation in milk-fed and early weaned lambs may influence susceptibility to parasitism, particularly the greater cellular content and higher sulphation of mucins in young and unweaned lambs. Weaning also reduced the percentage of Gal (p<0.05) in fundic mucin and galactosamine (GalN) (p<0.01) in duodenal mucin, but had no noticeable effect on fucosylation or sialylation. Four experimental groups of lambs were studied (n=3): (1) 3 days old; (2) 9 weeks old milk-fed; (3) 9 weeks old weaned at 3 weeks-of-age on to lucerne chaff and cereal-based pellets (4) 9 weeks old weaned and infected with 1000 Teladorsagia circumcincta L3 twice weekly for 5 weeks. Fundic and duodenal mucin monosaccharides were analysed chemically and fundic, antral and duodenal tissues were stained with lectins, periodic acid Schiff (PAS), Alcian blue/PAS (AB/PAS) and high iron diamine. Age-related maturation of mucin glycosylation was prominent in young lambs: reduced total fundic mucins and increasing fucosylation and decreasing sialylation and sulphation of all mucins, as well as changes in the types of linkages of Fuc and sialic acids. By 9 weeks-of-age, there were no longer sialylated mucins in fundic surface mucus cells, only neutral mucins, while in Brunner's glands, there was reduced sialylation and large amounts of neutral mucins. In the neonates, both fundic and duodenal tissues contained only small amounts of mucins terminating with alpha-1,2-linked Fuc, which became the principal linkage in 9 weeks old lambs. Duodenal mucins in 3 days old lambs contained both alpha-2,6- and alpha-2,3-linked sialic acids, whereas the alpha-2,3 linkage was not present in older lambs. Parasitism increased the percentage of galactose, but reduced total and neutral fundic mucins, as well as sulphation and sialylation. There was both decreased sialylation and sulphation in duodenal mucins. Although no change in fucosylation was apparent from chemical analysis, infection reduced lectin staining for alpha-1,2-linked fucose in antral and duodenal tissues and alpha-1,6- and alpha-1,3-linked fucose in the duodenum. These changes in fundic and duodenal mucins were similar to those previously seen on Day 28 p.i. after a single infection of 4-9 months old sheep with T. circumcincta larvae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V C Hoang
- Institute of Veterinary Animals and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Determination of sialic acid and gangliosides in biological samples and dairy products: A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 51:346-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
33
|
Periodate oxidation and its contribution to instrumental methods of micro-analysis—A review. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 652:85-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
34
|
Allevi P, Femia EA, Costa ML, Cazzola R, Anastasia M. Quantification of N-acetyl- and N-glycolylneuraminic acids by a stable isotope dilution assay using high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1212:98-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Revised: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
35
|
Yamamoto S, Hirakawa S, Suzuki S. In situ fabrication of ionic polyacrylamide-based preconcentrator on a simple poly(methyl methacrylate) microfluidic chip for capillary electrophoresis of anionic compounds. Anal Chem 2008; 80:8224-30. [PMID: 18841941 DOI: 10.1021/ac801245n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient method was developed for fabrication of an anionic sample preconcentrator on a channel of a commercial poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-made microchip using no photolithography or etching technique. The originality of our preconcentrator is based on simple photochemical copolymerization of monomers using the following procedure: All channels of the PMMA-made microchip were filled with gel solution comprising acrylamide, N,N'-methylene-bisacrylamide, and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid with riboflavin as a photocatalytic initiator. In situ polymerization near the cross of the sample outlet channel was performed by irradiation with an argon ion laser beam, which is also used as the light source for fluorometric detection. The electrokinetic property and electric repulsion between sample components and anionic groups on the polyacrylamide gel layer produce, trap, and concentrate anions within a few minutes at the interface of the cathodic side of the gel layer. This method displays concentration factors as high as 10 (5). The availability of ionic preconcentrator was demonstrated by applying sensitive analysis of oligosaccharides labeled with 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate and some glycoproteins labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate under various buffer systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachio Yamamoto
- School of Pharmacy, Kinki University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|