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McKay RT. Metabolomics and NMR. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 277:73-116. [PMID: 36355220 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this manuscript will be to convince the reader to dive deeper into NMR spectroscopy and prevent the technique from being just another "black-box" in the lab. We will try to concisely highlight interesting topics and supply additional references for further exploration at each stage. The advantages of delving into the technique will be shown. The secondary objective, i.e., avoiding common problems before starting, will hopefully then become clear. Lastly, we will emphasize the spectrometer information needed for manuscript reporting to allow reproduction of results and confirm findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T McKay
- Department Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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2
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Systematic Review of NMR-Based Metabolomics Practices in Human Disease Research. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100963. [PMID: 36295865 PMCID: PMC9609461 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the principal analytical techniques for metabolomics. It has the advantages of minimal sample preparation and high reproducibility, making it an ideal technique for generating large amounts of metabolomics data for biobanks and large-scale studies. Metabolomics is a popular “omics” technology and has established itself as a comprehensive exploratory biomarker tool; however, it has yet to reach its collaborative potential in data collation due to the lack of standardisation of the metabolomics workflow seen across small-scale studies. This systematic review compiles the different NMR metabolomics methods used for serum, plasma, and urine studies, from sample collection to data analysis, that were most popularly employed over a two-year period in 2019 and 2020. It also outlines how these methods influence the raw data and the downstream interpretations, and the importance of reporting for reproducibility and result validation. This review can act as a valuable summary of NMR metabolomic workflows that are actively used in human biofluid research and will help guide the workflow choice for future research.
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Zhu D, Hayman A, Frew R, Kebede B, Chen G, Stewart I. Milk Powder Extraction: Optimization of Conditions for the Water-Soluble Metabolites by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR). ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1907588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alan Hayman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Russell Frew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Biniam Kebede
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Ian Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Simpson CA, Schwartz OS, Eliby D, Butler CA, Huang K, O'Brien-Simpson N, Callaghan BL, Dashper SG, Gooley PR, Whittle S, Haslam N, Simmons JG. Bugs and Brains, the Gut and Mental Health Study: a mixed-methods study investigating microbiota composition and function in anxiety, depression and irritable bowel syndrome. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e043221. [PMID: 33722869 PMCID: PMC7970253 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research has highlighted relationships between the micro-organisms that inhabit our gastrointestinal tract (oral and gut microbiota) with host mood and gastrointestinal functioning. Mental health disorders and functional gastrointestinal disorders co-occur at high rates, although the mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. The Bugs and Brains Study aims to investigate complex relationships between anxiety/depression and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in two ways. First, its primary component will compare the gut and oral microbiota in females with anxiety/depression and/or IBS relative to controls, and investigate underlying physiological, endocrine and immune factors, as well as associations with diet and psychosocial factors. In an ancillary component, the study will also investigate gastrointestinal and mental health symptoms in a larger sample, and explore relationships with diet, exercise, oral health, substance use, medical history, early life adversity and psychosocial factors. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The Bugs and Brains Study aims to recruit 160 females to the primary component: (1) 40 controls; (2) 40 participants with a depressive/anxiety disorder, but no IBS; (3) 40 participants with IBS, but no depressive/anxiety disorder and (4) 40 participants with both depressive/anxiety disorder and IBS. Participation is completed within 1 month, and involves comprehensive questionnaires, anthropometrics, a diagnostic clinical interview, collection of two saliva samples, and stool, urine and hair samples. This study aims to use a systems biology approach to characterise oral and gut microbial composition and function using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and nuclear MR spectroscopy. As part of the ancillary component, it will collect questionnaire data from 1000 participants aged 18-40 years, capturing mental health, gastrointestinal health, oral health, diet and psychosocial factors. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Approval was granted by the University of Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee (#1749221). All participants voluntarily provided informed consent. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carra A Simpson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Orli S Schwartz
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, Orygen The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Djamila Eliby
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine A Butler
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neil O'Brien-Simpson
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bridget L Callaghan
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stuart G Dashper
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul R Gooley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nick Haslam
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julian G Simmons
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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5
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Abd Aziz F, Ibrahim B, Murugaiyah V, Sarriff A. Addressing the standardisation of internal standards and preservative used in human bio fluids for NMR analysis: a method optimization. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2021; 36:189-197. [PMID: 34412173 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2020-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A database comprising multivariate data in developing a model from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis using human bio fluids are necessary to have reproducibility and reliability of the data. To achieve reproducibility of the data, standardised experiments, including internal standard and preservative used should be attained, especially for samples such as human bio fluids to hinder the variation among samples. The aim of the study was to optimise in commonly used human bio fluids (serum and urine) for a suitable internal standard and preservative used in extended storage samples for NMR analysis. METHODS Serum and urine samples were collected from healthy human subjects. The experiment was divided into two parts, part one to evaluate 2,2,2,2-tetradeutero-4,4-dimethyl-4-silapentanoic acid (TSP) and 4,4-dimethyl-4-silapentane-1-ammonium trifluoroacetate (DSA) as the optimal internal standard for the serum and urine samples. The second part investigated the effects of preservatives in the serum and urine samples on extended storage. RESULTS Overall, TSP and DSA are suitable to be used as an internal standard in human urine samples. However, DSA is a superior internal standard in serum samples for NMR analysis. For the effect of preservative, the results indicated that human serum and urine samples could be stored without addition of preservative in -80 °C, as no changes in NMR fingerprinting have been observed during storage in the absence or presence of the preservative. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest the use of DSA and TSP as an internal standard in serum and urine samples, respectively. Storage of serum and urine samples without any addition of preservative for an extended period has no effect on the metabolites changes. By having a standardised method, it will offer a considerable saving in both operator and spectrometer time and most importantly produce reproducible and reliable data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baharudin Ibrahim
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Azmi Sarriff
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Penang, Malaysia
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6
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Abd Aziz F, Ibrahim B, Murugaiyah V, Sarriff A. Addressing the standardisation of internal standards and preservative used in human bio fluids for NMR analysis: a method optimization. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2021; 0:dmdi-2020-0154. [PMID: 33662189 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2020-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A database comprising multivariate data in developing a model from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis using human bio fluids are necessary to have reproducibility and reliability of the data. To achieve reproducibility of the data, standardised experiments, including internal standard and preservative used should be attained, especially for samples such as human bio fluids to hinder the variation among samples. The aim of the study was to optimise in commonly used human bio fluids (serum and urine) for a suitable internal standard and preservative used in extended storage samples for NMR analysis. METHODS Serum and urine samples were collected from healthy human subjects. The experiment was divided into two parts, part one to evaluate 2,2,2,2-tetradeutero-4,4-dimethyl-4-silapentanoic acid (TSP) and 4,4-dimethyl-4-silapentane-1-ammonium trifluoroacetate (DSA) as the optimal internal standard for the serum and urine samples. The second part investigated the effects of preservatives in the serum and urine samples on extended storage. RESULTS Overall, TSP and DSA are suitable to be used as an internal standard in human urine samples. However, DSA is a superior internal standard in serum samples for NMR analysis. For the effect of preservative, the results indicated that human serum and urine samples could be stored without addition of preservative in -80 °C, as no changes in NMR fingerprinting have been observed during storage in the absence or presence of the preservative. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest the use of DSA and TSP as an internal standard in serum and urine samples, respectively. Storage of serum and urine samples without any addition of preservative for an extended period has no effect on the metabolites changes. By having a standardised method, it will offer a considerable saving in both operator and spectrometer time and most importantly produce reproducible and reliable data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baharudin Ibrahim
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Azmi Sarriff
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Penang, Malaysia
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Golzio Dos Santos S, Fernandes Gomes I, Fernandes de Oliveira Golzio AM, Lopes Souto A, Scotti MT, Fechine Tavares J, Chavez Gutierrez SJ, Nóbrega de Almeida R, Barbosa-Filho JM, Sobral da Silva M. Psychopharmacological effects of riparin III from Aniba riparia (Nees) Mez. (Lauraceae) supported by metabolic approach and multivariate data analysis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:149. [PMID: 32416725 PMCID: PMC7229579 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently there is a high prevalence of humor disorders such as anxiety and depression throughout the world, especially concerning advanced age patients. Aniba riparia (Nees) Mez. (Lauraceae), popular known as “louro”, can be found from the Amazon through Guianas until the Andes. Previous studies have already reported the isolation of alkamide-type alkaloids such as riparin III (O-methyl-N-2,6-dyhydroxy-benzoyl tyramine) which has demonstrated anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects in high doses by intraperitoneal administration. Methods Experimental protocol was conducted in order to analyze the anxiolytic-like effect of riparin III at lower doses by intravenous administration to Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) (n = 5). The experimental approach was designed to last 15 days, divided in 3 distinct periods of five days: control, anxiogenic and treatment periods. The anxiolytic-like effect was evaluated by experimental behavior tests such as open field and elevated plus-maze test, combined with urine metabolic footprint analysis. The urine was collected daily and analyzed by 1H NMR. Generated data were statistically treated by Principal Component Analysis in order to detect patterns among the distinct periods evaluated as well as biomarkers responsible for its distinction. Results It was observed on treatment group that cortisol, biomarker related to physiological stress was reduced, indicating anxiolytic-like effect of riparin III, probably through activation of 5-HT2A receptors, which was corroborated by behavioral tests. Conclusion 1H NMR urine metabolic footprint combined with multivariate data analysis have demonstrated to be an important diagnostic tool to prove the anxiolytic-like effect of riparin III in a more efficient and pragmatic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sócrates Golzio Dos Santos
- Instituto de Pesquisa de Fármacos e Medicamentos - IPeFarM, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Isis Fernandes Gomes
- Instituto de Pesquisa de Fármacos e Medicamentos - IPeFarM, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | - Augusto Lopes Souto
- Instituto de Pesquisa de Fármacos e Medicamentos - IPeFarM, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Instituto de Pesquisa de Fármacos e Medicamentos - IPeFarM, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Instituto de Pesquisa de Fármacos e Medicamentos - IPeFarM, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Stanley Juan Chavez Gutierrez
- Instituto de Pesquisa de Fármacos e Medicamentos - IPeFarM, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Nóbrega de Almeida
- Instituto de Pesquisa de Fármacos e Medicamentos - IPeFarM, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - José Maria Barbosa-Filho
- Instituto de Pesquisa de Fármacos e Medicamentos - IPeFarM, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Sobral da Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisa de Fármacos e Medicamentos - IPeFarM, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil.
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Post-Exertional Malaise Is Associated with Hypermetabolism, Hypoacetylation and Purine Metabolism Deregulation in ME/CFS Cases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:diagnostics9030070. [PMID: 31277442 PMCID: PMC6787670 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-exertional malaise (PEM) is a cardinal predictive symptom in the definition of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). If the cases overexert themselves they have what is termed "payback" resulting in a worsening of symptoms or relapse which can last for days, weeks or even months. The aim was to assess the changes in biochemistry associated with the cases self-reported PEM scores over a 7-day period and the frequency of reporting over a 12-month period. Forty-seven ME/CFS cases and age/sex-matched controls had a clinical examination, completed questionnaires; were subjected to standard serum biochemistry; had their serum and urine metabolomes analyzed in an observational study. Thirty-five of the 46 ME/CFS cases reported PEM in the last 7-days and these were allocated to the PEM group. The principal biochemical change related to the 7-day severity of PEM was the fall in the purine metabolite, hypoxanthine. This decrease correlated with alterations in the glucose:lactate ratio highly suggestive of a glycolytic anomaly. Increased excretion of urine metabolites within the 7-day response period indicated a hypermetabolic event was occurring. Increases in urine excretion of methylhistidine (muscle protein degradation), mannitol (intestinal barrier deregulation) and acetate were noted with the hypermetabolic event. These data indicate hypoacetylation was occurring, which may also be related to deregulation of multiple cytoplasmic enzymes and DNA histone regulation. These findings suggest the primary events associated with PEM were due to hypoacetylation and metabolite loss during the acute PEM response.
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McHugh CE, Flott TL, Schooff CR, Smiley Z, Puskarich MA, Myers DD, Younger JG, Jones AE, Stringer KA. Rapid, Reproducible, Quantifiable NMR Metabolomics: Methanol and Methanol: Chloroform Precipitation for Removal of Macromolecules in Serum and Whole Blood. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8040093. [PMID: 30558115 PMCID: PMC6316042 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Though blood is an excellent biofluid for metabolomics, proteins and lipids present in blood can interfere with 1d-1H NMR spectra and disrupt quantification of metabolites. Here, we present effective macromolecule removal strategies for serum and whole blood (WB) samples. Methods: A variety of macromolecule removal strategies were compared in both WB and serum, along with tests of ultrafiltration alone and in combination with precipitation methods. Results: In healthy human serum, methanol:chloroform:water extraction with ultrafiltration was compared to methanol precipitation with and without ultrafiltration. Methods were tested in healthy pooled human serum, and in serum from patients with sepsis. Effects of long-term storage at −80 °C were tested to explore the impact of macromolecule removal strategy on serum from different conditions. In WB a variety of extraction strategies were tested in two types of WB (from pigs and baboons) to examine the impact of macromolecule removal strategies on different samples. Conclusions: In healthy human serum methanol precipitation of serum with ultrafiltration was superior, but was similar in recovery and variance to methanol:chloroform:water extraction with ultrafiltration in pooled serum from patients with sepsis. In WB, high quality, quantifiable spectra were obtained with the use of a methanol: chloroform precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora E McHugh
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Thomas L Flott
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Casey R Schooff
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Zyad Smiley
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Michael A Puskarich
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Daniel D Myers
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | | | - Alan E Jones
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Kathleen A Stringer
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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10
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Ulaszewska MM, Weinert CH, Trimigno A, Portmann R, Andres Lacueva C, Badertscher R, Brennan L, Brunius C, Bub A, Capozzi F, Cialiè Rosso M, Cordero CE, Daniel H, Durand S, Egert B, Ferrario PG, Feskens EJM, Franceschi P, Garcia-Aloy M, Giacomoni F, Giesbertz P, González-Domínguez R, Hanhineva K, Hemeryck LY, Kopka J, Kulling SE, Llorach R, Manach C, Mattivi F, Migné C, Münger LH, Ott B, Picone G, Pimentel G, Pujos-Guillot E, Riccadonna S, Rist MJ, Rombouts C, Rubert J, Skurk T, Sri Harsha PSC, Van Meulebroek L, Vanhaecke L, Vázquez-Fresno R, Wishart D, Vergères G. Nutrimetabolomics: An Integrative Action for Metabolomic Analyses in Human Nutritional Studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 63:e1800384. [PMID: 30176196 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The life sciences are currently being transformed by an unprecedented wave of developments in molecular analysis, which include important advances in instrumental analysis as well as biocomputing. In light of the central role played by metabolism in nutrition, metabolomics is rapidly being established as a key analytical tool in human nutritional studies. Consequently, an increasing number of nutritionists integrate metabolomics into their study designs. Within this dynamic landscape, the potential of nutritional metabolomics (nutrimetabolomics) to be translated into a science, which can impact on health policies, still needs to be realized. A key element to reach this goal is the ability of the research community to join, to collectively make the best use of the potential offered by nutritional metabolomics. This article, therefore, provides a methodological description of nutritional metabolomics that reflects on the state-of-the-art techniques used in the laboratories of the Food Biomarker Alliance (funded by the European Joint Programming Initiative "A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life" (JPI HDHL)) as well as points of reflections to harmonize this field. It is not intended to be exhaustive but rather to present a pragmatic guidance on metabolomic methodologies, providing readers with useful "tips and tricks" along the analytical workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marynka M Ulaszewska
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Christoph H Weinert
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alessia Trimigno
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Reto Portmann
- Method Development and Analytics Research Division, Agroscope, Federal Office for Agriculture, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Andres Lacueva
- Biomarkers & Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - René Badertscher
- Method Development and Analytics Research Division, Agroscope, Federal Office for Agriculture, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carl Brunius
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Achim Bub
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Francesco Capozzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Cialiè Rosso
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara E Cordero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Durand
- Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB-Clermont, INRA, Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bjoern Egert
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Paola G Ferrario
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Computational Biology Unit, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- Biomarkers & Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Franck Giacomoni
- Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB-Clermont, INRA, Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pieter Giesbertz
- Molecular Nutrition Unit, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Raúl González-Domínguez
- Biomarkers & Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lieselot Y Hemeryck
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Applied Metabolome Analysis, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sabine E Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rafael Llorach
- Biomarkers & Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudine Manach
- INRA, UMR 1019, Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Carole Migné
- Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB-Clermont, INRA, Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Linda H Münger
- Food Microbial Systems Research Division, Agroscope, Federal Office for Agriculture, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Beate Ott
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Core Facility Human Studies, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Gianfranco Picone
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Grégory Pimentel
- Food Microbial Systems Research Division, Agroscope, Federal Office for Agriculture, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Estelle Pujos-Guillot
- Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB-Clermont, INRA, Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Samantha Riccadonna
- Computational Biology Unit, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Manuela J Rist
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Caroline Rombouts
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Josep Rubert
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Thomas Skurk
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Core Facility Human Studies, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Pedapati S C Sri Harsha
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lieven Van Meulebroek
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Rosa Vázquez-Fresno
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - David Wishart
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Guy Vergères
- Food Microbial Systems Research Division, Agroscope, Federal Office for Agriculture, Berne, Switzerland
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11
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Harvey AJ, O’Brien C, Lambshead J, Sheedy JR, Rathjen J, Laslett AL, Gardner DK. Physiological oxygen culture reveals retention of metabolic memory in human induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193949. [PMID: 29543848 PMCID: PMC5854358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming somatic cells to a pluripotent cell state (induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) cells) requires reprogramming of metabolism to support cell proliferation and pluripotency, most notably changes in carbohydrate turnover that reflect a shift from oxidative to glycolytic metabolism. Some aspects of iPS cell metabolism differ from embryonic stem (ES) cells, which may reflect a parental cell memory, or be a consequence of the reprogramming process. In this study, we compared the metabolism of 3 human iPS cell lines to assess the fidelity of metabolic reprogramming. When challenged with reduced oxygen concentration, ES cells have been shown to modulate carbohydrate use in a predictably way. In the same model, 2 of 3 iPS cell lines failed to regulate carbohydrate metabolism. Oxygen is a well-characterized regulator of cell function and embryo viability, and an inability of iPS cells to modulate metabolism in response to oxygen may indicate poor metabolic fidelity. As metabolism is linked to the regulation of the epigenome, assessment of metabolic responses of iPS cells to physiological stimuli during characterization is warranted to ensure complete cell reprogramming and as a measure of cell quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J. Harvey
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Special Research Initiative, Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carmel O’Brien
- ARC Special Research Initiative, Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, and Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jack Lambshead
- ARC Special Research Initiative, Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, and Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - John R. Sheedy
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joy Rathjen
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Special Research Initiative, Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Andrew L. Laslett
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Special Research Initiative, Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, and Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David K. Gardner
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Special Research Initiative, Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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12
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Alpha-linolenic acid stabilizes HIF-1 α and downregulates FASN to promote mitochondrial apoptosis for mammary gland chemoprevention. Oncotarget 2017; 8:70049-70071. [PMID: 29050261 PMCID: PMC5642536 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha linolenic acid is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid and is reported to have the anti-cancer potential with no defined hypothesis or mechanism/s. Henceforth present study was in-quested to validate the effect of alpha linolenic acid on mitochondrial apoptosis, hypoxic microenvironment and de novo fatty acid synthesis using in-vitro and in-vivo studies. The IC50 value of alpha linolenic acid was recorded to be 17.55μM against ER+MCF-7 cells. Treatment with alpha linolenic acid was evident for the presence of early and late apoptotic signals along with mitochondrial depolarization, when studied through acridine orange/ethidium bromide and JC-1 staining. Alpha linolenic acid arrested the cell cycle in G2/M phase. Subsequently, the in-vivo efficacy was examined against 7, 12-dimethylbenz anthracene induced carcinogenesis. Treatment with alpha linolenic acid demarcated significant effect upon the cellular proliferation as evidenced through decreased in alveolar bud count, restoration of the histopathological architecture and loss of tumor micro vessels. Alpha linolenic acid restored the metabolic changes to normal when scrutinized through 1H NMR studies. The immunoblotting and qRT-PCR studies revealed participation of mitochondrial mediated death apoptosis pathway and curtailment of hypoxic microenvironment after treatment with alpha linolenic acid. With all above, it was concluded that alpha linolenic acid mediates mitochondrial apoptosis, curtails hypoxic microenvironment along with inhibition of de novo fatty acid synthesis to impart anticancer effects.
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13
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Lees JG, Rathjen J, Sheedy JR, Gardner DK, Harvey AJ. Distinct profiles of human embryonic stem cell metabolism and mitochondria identified by oxygen. Reproduction 2015; 150:367-82. [PMID: 26159831 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen is a powerful regulator of cell function and embryonic development. It has previously been determined that oxygen regulates human embryonic stem (hES) cell glycolytic and amino acid metabolism, but the effects on mitochondria are as yet unknown. Two hES cell lines (MEL1, MEL2) were analyzed to determine the role of 5% (physiological) and 20% (atmospheric) oxygen in regulating mitochondrial activity. In response to extended physiological oxygen culture, MEL2 hES cells displayed reduced mtDNA content, mitochondrial mass and expression of metabolic genes TFAM, NRF1, PPARa and MT-ND4. Furthermore, MEL2 hES cell glucose consumption, lactate production and amino acid turnover were elevated under physiological oxygen. In stark contrast, MEL1 hES cell amino acid and carbohydrate use and mitochondrial function were relatively unaltered in response to oxygen. Furthermore, differentiation kinetics were delayed in the MEL1 hES cell line following BMP4 treatment. Here we report the first incidence of metabolic dysfunction in a hES cell population, defined as a failure to respond to oxygen concentration through the modulation of metabolism, demonstrating that hES cells can be perturbed during culture despite exhibiting the defining characteristics of pluripotent cells. Collectively, these data reveal a central role for oxygen in the regulation of hES cell metabolism and mitochondrial function, whereby physiological oxygen promotes glucose flux and suppresses mitochondrial biogenesis and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmon G Lees
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, AustraliaMenzies Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of Tasmania, Hobart 7000, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Joy Rathjen
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, AustraliaMenzies Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of Tasmania, Hobart 7000, Tasmania, Australia School of BiosciencesUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, AustraliaMenzies Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of Tasmania, Hobart 7000, Tasmania, Australia
| | - John R Sheedy
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, AustraliaMenzies Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of Tasmania, Hobart 7000, Tasmania, Australia
| | - David K Gardner
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, AustraliaMenzies Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of Tasmania, Hobart 7000, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Alexandra J Harvey
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, AustraliaMenzies Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of Tasmania, Hobart 7000, Tasmania, Australia
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14
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Thorburn AN, McKenzie CI, Shen S, Stanley D, Macia L, Mason LJ, Roberts LK, Wong CHY, Shim R, Robert R, Chevalier N, Tan JK, Mariño E, Moore RJ, Wong L, McConville MJ, Tull DL, Wood LG, Murphy VE, Mattes J, Gibson PG, Mackay CR. Evidence that asthma is a developmental origin disease influenced by maternal diet and bacterial metabolites. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7320. [PMID: 26102221 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 611] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is prevalent in Western countries, and recent explanations have evoked the actions of the gut microbiota. Here we show that feeding mice a high-fibre diet yields a distinctive gut microbiota, which increases the levels of the short-chain fatty acid, acetate. High-fibre or acetate-feeding led to marked suppression of allergic airways disease (AAD, a model for human asthma), by enhancing T-regulatory cell numbers and function. Acetate increases acetylation at the Foxp3 promoter, likely through HDAC9 inhibition. Epigenetic effects of fibre/acetate in adult mice led us to examine the influence of maternal intake of fibre/acetate. High-fibre/acetate feeding of pregnant mice imparts on their adult offspring an inability to develop robust AAD. High fibre/acetate suppresses expression of certain genes in the mouse fetal lung linked to both human asthma and mouse AAD. Thus, diet acting on the gut microbiota profoundly influences airway responses, and may represent an approach to prevent asthma, including during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison N Thorburn
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Craig I McKenzie
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sj Shen
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Dragana Stanley
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Linda J Mason
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Laura K Roberts
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Connie H Y Wong
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Raymond Shim
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Remy Robert
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nina Chevalier
- 1] Department of Immunology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia [2] Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jian K Tan
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Eliana Mariño
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Rob J Moore
- 1] CSIRO Animal, Food, and Health Sciences, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia [2] Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Lee Wong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Malcolm J McConville
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia [2] Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute of Molecular Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Dedreia L Tull
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute of Molecular Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2300, Australia
| | - Vanessa E Murphy
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2300, Australia
| | - Joerg Mattes
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2300, Australia
| | - Peter G Gibson
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2300, Australia
| | - Charles R Mackay
- 1] Department of Immunology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia [2] Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney University Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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15
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Master JS, Thouas GA, Harvey AJ, Sheedy JR, Hannan NJ, Gardner DK, Wlodek ME. Fathers that are born small program alterations in the next-generation preimplantation rat embryos. J Nutr 2015; 145:876-83. [PMID: 25809684 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.205724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low birth weight is associated with increased risk of adult cardiovascular and metabolic disease development, with recent studies highlighting transmission to subsequent generations via both maternal and paternal lines. However, the timing of parent-specific programming of disease risk to the next generation remains to be characterized. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine how paternal low birth weight affects the cellular and molecular physiology of the next-generation [second-generation (F2)] blastocysts, before uterine implantation. METHODS Uteroplacental insufficiency was surgically induced in Wistar Kyoto pregnant rats in late gestation, giving rise to first-generation restricted (born small) and sham-operated control (normal birth weight) male offspring, respectively. First-generation restricted and control male rats were naturally mated with normal females. RESULTS Resultant F2 blastocysts derived from restricted males displayed reduced expression of growth regulatory genes of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway compared with F2 control blastocysts (9-74%; P < 0.05). No differences were found in F2 restricted blastocyst structural characteristics, cell number, or carbohydrate utilization at the time of blastocyst retrieval or after 24 h of in vitro culture. However, histidine, methionine, pyruvate, serine, and tryosine consumption and aspartate and leucine production were greater in F2 restricted outgrowth than in controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study clearly indicate that male rat offspring born small, arising from uteroplacental insufficiency, have physiologic alterations that manifest as modifications in gene expression levels and nutrient metabolism of F2 blastocysts, even in the absence of overt cellular growth differences. These data demonstrate that growth restriction and associated disease risk have the capacity to be transmitted to the next generation of offspring via the male germ line and is manifest as early as the blastocyst stage of development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George A Thouas
- Zoology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; and
| | | | - John R Sheedy
- Zoology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; and
| | - Natalie J Hannan
- Zoology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - David K Gardner
- Zoology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; and
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16
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1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based extracellular metabolomic analysis of multidrug resistant Tca8113 oral squamous carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:2551-2559. [PMID: 26137105 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A major obstacle of successful chemotherapy is the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in the cancer cells, which is difficult to reverse. Metabolomic analysis, an emerging approach that has been increasingly applied in various fields, is able to reflect the unique chemical fingerprints of specific cellular processes in an organism. The assessment of such metabolite changes can be used to identify novel therapeutic biomarkers. In the present study, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to analyze the extracellular metabolomic spectrum of the Tca8113 oral squamous carcinoma cell line, in which MDR was induced using the carboplatin (CBP) and pingyangmycin (PYM) chemotherapy drugs in vitro. The data were analyzed using the principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) methods. The results demonstrated that the extracellular metabolomic spectrum of metabolites such as glutamate, glycerophosphoethanol amine, α-Glucose and β-Glucose for the drug-induced Tca8113 cells was significantly different from the parental Tca8113 cell line. A number of biochemicals were also significantly different between the groups based on their NMR spectra, with drug-resistant cells presenting relatively higher levels of acetate and lower levels of lactate. In addition, a significantly higher peak was observed at δ 3.35 ppm in the spectrum of the PYM-induced Tca8113 cells. Therefore, 1H NMR-based metabolomic analysis has a high potential for monitoring the formation of MDR during clinical tumor chemotherapy in the future.
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17
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Master JS, Thouas GA, Harvey AJ, Sheedy JR, Hannan NJ, Gardner DK, Wlodek ME. Low female birth weight and advanced maternal age programme alterations in next-generation blastocyst development. Reproduction 2015; 149:497-510. [PMID: 25667431 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Low birth weight is associated with an increased risk for adult disease development with recent studies highlighting transmission to subsequent generations. However, the mechanisms and timing of programming of disease transmission to the next generation remain unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of low birth weight and advanced maternal age on second-generation preimplantation blastocysts. Uteroplacental insufficiency or sham surgery was performed in late-gestation WKY pregnant rats, giving rise to first-generation (F1) restricted (born small) and control offspring respectively. F1 control and restricted females, at 4 or 12 months of age, were naturally mated with normal males. Second-generation (F2) blastocysts from restricted females displayed reduced expression of genes related to growth compared with F2 control (P<0.05). Following 24 h culture, F2 restricted blastocysts had accelerated development, with increased total cell number, a result of increased trophectoderm cells compared with control (P<0.05). There were alterations in carbohydrate and serine utilisation in F2 restricted blastocysts and F2 restricted outgrowths from 4-month-old females respectively (P<0.05). F2 blastocysts from aged restricted females were developmentally delayed at retrieval, with reduced total cell number attributable to reduced trophectoderm number with changes in carbohydrate utilisation (P<0.05). Advanced maternal age resulted in alterations in a number of amino acids in media obtained from F2 blastocyst outgrowths (P<0.05). These findings demonstrate that growth restriction and advanced maternal age can alter F2 preimplantation embryo physiology and the subsequent offspring growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordanna S Master
- Department of PhysiologySchool of BioSciencesThe University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, AustraliaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMercy Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - George A Thouas
- Department of PhysiologySchool of BioSciencesThe University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, AustraliaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMercy Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Alexandra J Harvey
- Department of PhysiologySchool of BioSciencesThe University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, AustraliaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMercy Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - John R Sheedy
- Department of PhysiologySchool of BioSciencesThe University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, AustraliaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMercy Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Natalie J Hannan
- Department of PhysiologySchool of BioSciencesThe University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, AustraliaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMercy Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia Department of PhysiologySchool of BioSciencesThe University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, AustraliaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMercy Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - David K Gardner
- Department of PhysiologySchool of BioSciencesThe University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, AustraliaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMercy Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Mary E Wlodek
- Department of PhysiologySchool of BioSciencesThe University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, AustraliaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMercy Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
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18
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Sheedy JR, Gooley PR, Nahid A, Tull DL, McConville MJ, Kukuljan S, Nowson CA, Daly RM, Ebeling PR. 1H-NMR analysis of the human urinary metabolome in response to an 18-month multi-component exercise program and calcium–vitamin-D3supplementation in older men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39:1294-304. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The musculoskeletal benefits of calcium and vitamin-D3supplementation and exercise have been extensively studied, but the effect on metabolism remains contentious. Urine samples were analyzed by1H-NMR spectroscopy from participants recruited for an 18-month, randomized controlled trial of a multi-component exercise program and calcium and vitamin-D3fortified milk consumption. It was shown previously that no increase in musculoskeletal composition was observed for participants assigned to the calcium and vitamin-D3intervention, but exercise resulted in increased bone mineral density, total lean body mass, and muscle strength. Retrospective metabolomics analysis of urine samples from patients involved in this study revealed no distinct changes in the urinary metabolome in response to the calcium and vitamin-D3intervention, but significant changes followed the exercise intervention, notably a reduction in creatinine and an increase in choline, guanidinoacetate, and hypoxanthine (p < 0.001, fold change > 1.5). These metabolites are intrinsically involved in anaerobic ATP synthesis, intracellular buffering, and methyl-balance regulation. The exercise intervention had a marked effect on the urine metabolome and markers of muscle turnover but none of these metabolites were obvious markers of bone turnover. Measurement of specific urinary exercise biomarkers may provide a basis for monitoring performance and metabolic response to exercise regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Sheedy
- Department of Medicine, NorthWest Academic Centre, Sunshine Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Furlong Road, St Albans, Victoria, Australia, 3021
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
- Department of Zoology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Paul R. Gooley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Amsha Nahid
- Monash University, Department of Physiology, Clayton Campus, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Dedreia L. Tull
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Malcolm J. McConville
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Sonja Kukuljan
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia, 3125
| | - Caryl A. Nowson
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia, 3125
| | - Robin M. Daly
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia, 3125
| | - Peter R. Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, NorthWest Academic Centre, Sunshine Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Furlong Road, St Albans, Victoria, Australia, 3021
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19
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Jupin M, Michiels PJ, Girard FC, Wijmenga SS. Magnetic susceptibility to measure total protein concentration from NMR metabolite spectra: Demonstration on blood plasma. Magn Reson Med 2014; 73:459-68. [PMID: 24639074 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accurate metabolite and protein quantification in blood plasma and other body fluids from one single NMR measurement, allowing for improved quantitative metabolic profiling and better assessment of metabolite-protein interactions. THEORY AND METHODS The total protein concentration is derived from the common chemical-shift changes-caused by protein-induced bulk magnetic susceptibility (BMS)-measured on well-accessible and exchange-free metabolite resonances. These BMS shifts are simply obtained by external referencing with respect to 3-(trimethylsilyl)propionic-2,2,3,3-d4 acid, sodium salt in a coaxial insert. RESULTS Based on blood-plasma data from five volunteers, the estimated accuracy of the BMS method is ≤ 5% with respect and comparable to the 3.8% error of the standard colorimetric, Biuret, method. Valine, alanine, glucose, leucine, and lactate display no exchange-induced shift changes. Their well-accessible signals act as reliable probes for pure protein-induced BMS. The slopes and intercepts of their chemical-shift change versus protein concentration were derived from metabolite mixtures with (fatted) human and bovine albumin acting as blood-plasma mimics. CONCLUSION The BMS method, demonstrated on blood plasma, can also be used on other samples containing sufficient protein (> 10 g/L). Also, it allows measurement of the presence and sign of exchange-induced chemical-shift changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Jupin
- Biophysical Chemistry, Institute for Materials and Molecules, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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20
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Esterification of high amylose starch with short chain fatty acids modulates degradation by Bifidobacterium spp. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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21
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Gook DA, Edgar DH, Lewis K, Sheedy JR, Gardner DK. Impact of oxygen concentration on adult murine pre-antral follicle development in vitro and the corresponding metabolic profile. Mol Hum Reprod 2013; 20:31-41. [PMID: 24013158 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gat062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen concentration during in vitro culture has a significant effect on the physiology of embryos, altering metabolic profile and developmental outcome. Although atmospheric oxygen has been used routinely for the culture of ovarian follicles, oxygen concentration may also be critical for follicle growth but the optimal concentration has not been determined. In this study, mechanically isolated primary and secondary follicles (80-140 µm diameter) from adult mouse ovaries were cultured in serum-free conditions for 8 days in either 5 or 20% oxygen to determine growth (follicular diameter), morphology and viability. For each oxygen concentration, half of the medium was replaced on Days 2, 4 and 6 or on Day 4 only. In the latter group, metabolic analysis of spent follicular culture media was performed by (1)H-NMR. The proportion of viable, growing follicles was significantly (P < 0.0001) higher in 5% than in 20% oxygen (59% versus 8%). Reducing the frequency of medium replacement during culture in 5% oxygen resulted in significantly (P < 0.001) more viable follicles (79 versus 46%). In 20% oxygen, poor follicular viability was observed irrespective of the frequency of medium replacement (8 and 10% respectively). Metabolic profiles showed marked differences in amino acid and carbohydrate utilization with respect to both oxygen concentration and between Days 4 and 8 of development. Metabolites which significantly discriminated between oxygen concentration at both time points were glucose consumption, lactate utilization, alanine, alanyl-glutamine, leucine and proline. In conclusion, the poor in vitro follicular development previously observed in minimal culture conditions may reflect the use of 20% oxygen. Frequent medium replenishment is not necessary and does not overcome the detrimental effect of high oxygen on follicle viability. Further optimization of culture conditions would benefit from metabolic analyses and the use of 5% oxygen should be tested further for impact on functional aspects of follicle culture such as steroid production which is currently unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra A Gook
- Reproductive Services, Royal Women's Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Jupin M, Michiels PJ, Girard FC, Spraul M, Wijmenga SS. NMR identification of endogenous metabolites interacting with fatted and non-fatted human serum albumin in blood plasma: Fatty acids influence the HSA-metabolite interaction. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2013; 228:81-94. [PMID: 23357430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolites and their concentrations are direct reporters on body biochemistry. Thanks to technical developments metabolic profiling of body fluids, such as blood plasma, by for instance NMR has in the past decade become increasingly accurate enabling successful clinical diagnostics. Human Serum Albumin (HSA) is the main plasma protein (∼60% of all plasma protein) and responsible for the transport of endogenous (e.g. fatty acids) and exogenous metabolites, which it achieves thanks to its multiple binding sites and its flexibility. HSA has been extensively studied with regard to its binding of drugs (exogenous metabolites), but only to a lesser extent with regard to its binding of endogenous (non-fatty acid) metabolites. To obtain correct NMR measured metabolic profiles of blood plasma and/or potentially extract information on HSA and fatty acids content, it is necessary to characterize these endogenous metabolite/plasma protein interactions. Here, we investigate these metabolite-HSA interactions in blood plasma and blood plasma mimics. The latter contain the roughly twenty metabolites routinely detected by NMR (also most abundant) in normal relative concentrations with fatted or non-fatted HSA added or not. First, we find that chemical shift changes are small and seen only for a few of the metabolites. In contrast, a significant number of the metabolites display reduced resonance integrals and reduced free concentrations in the presence of HSA or fatted HSA. For slow-exchange (or strong) interactions, NMR resonance integrals report the free metabolite concentration, while for fast exchange (weak binding) the chemical shift reports on the binding. Hence, these metabolites bind strongly to HSA and/or fatted HSA, but to a limited degree because for most metabolites their concentration is smaller than the HSA concentration. Most interestingly, fatty acids decrease the metabolite-HSA binding quite significantly for most of the interacting metabolites. We further find that competition between the metabolites for binding is absent for most of these metabolites. These mappings in plasma mimics may thus open new opportunities for improved metabolic profiling of blood plasma. For instance, correct metabolite concentrations can be determined for the non-interacting metabolites and/or concentration corrections made for interacting metabolites. Secondly, the interacting metabolites could be used to act as reporters on HSA and fatty acid concentration in plasma, and thus potentially act as biomarker in diagnostic studies of trauma or cardiovascular diseases. Finally, we find in the blood plasma mimics that after ultrafiltration, commonly used to remove the protein from plasma, the measured concentration equals the total metabolite concentration, except for the strongest binding metabolite citrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Jupin
- Biophysical Chemistry, Institute for Materials and Molecules, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6524AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Sheedy JR. Metabolite analysis of biological fluids and tissues by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1055:81-97. [PMID: 23963905 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-577-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
NMR-based biochemical profiling of natural products has become popular due to the development of high-resolution instruments (>400 MHz) and cryogenically cooled probes/preamplifiers, by increasing the sensitivity of NMR instruments several fold and reducing instrument noise levels. NMR provides a rapid, nondestructive, high-throughput method that requires minimal sample preparation, therefore maintaining the biological integrity of the sample. One-dimensional (1D) solution-state (1)H NMR is used in untargeted sample screening (metabolomics/metabonomics) to gain insight into spectral pattern changes associated with samples of different origins. Metabolomics and metabonomics contextually explains the systematic and quantitative measurement of metabolites that are produced from the biochemical reactions of living systems. This chapter describes some commonly used (1)H NMR experiments for identification and quantification of small molecular weight, water soluble metabolites in biological samples, some considerations for choosing the correct NMR experiment, and sample preparation protocols for isolating metabolites from a number of biological sample types.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Robert Sheedy
- Department of Zoology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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24
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De Souza DP. Detection of polar metabolites through the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1055:29-37. [PMID: 23963901 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-577-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a highly reproducible and sensitive analytical technique that has had significant use in the area of metabolite profiling. GC-MS is able to detect a wide variety of metabolites, with highly differing chemistries. In general, extracted biological samples are volatilized prior to separation on a capillary column with a stationary phase suited to the analysis of the compounds of interest. Separated compounds are eluted into a mass spectrometer equipped with an electron impact ionization source, thereby generating a quantifiable mass spectral fingerprint. This chapter describes a method for the trimethylsilyl derivatization of polar metabolites, followed by detection and relative quantification using a gas chromatograph coupled to a single quadrupole mass spectrometer. Using this method will enable the profiling of the greatest range of polar metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P De Souza
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute (Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by progressive death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Although mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are linked to PD pathogenesis, its etiology and pathology remain to be elucidated. Metabolomics investigates metabolite changes in biofluids, cell lysates, tissues and tumors in order to correlate these metabolomic changes to a disease state. Thus, the application of metabolomics to investigate PD provides a systematic approach to understand the pathology of PD, to identify disease biomarkers, and to complement genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics studies. This review will examine current research into PD mechanisms with a focus on mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Neurotoxin-based PD animal models and the rationale for metabolomics studies in PD will also be discussed. The review will also explore the potential of NMR metabolomics to address important issues related to PD treatment and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulei Lei
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Chemistry, 722
Hamilton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304
| | - Robert Powers
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Chemistry, 722
Hamilton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304
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Armstrong CW, McGregor NR, Sheedy JR, Buttfield I, Butt HL, Gooley PR. NMR metabolic profiling of serum identifies amino acid disturbances in chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:1525-31. [PMID: 22728138 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a debilitating multisystem disorder characterised by long-term fatigue with a variety of other symptoms including cognitive dysfunction, unrefreshing sleep, muscle pain, and post-exertional malaise. It is a poorly understood condition that occurs in ~5 in every 1000 individuals. We present here a preliminary study on the analysis of blood samples from 11 CFS and 10 control subjects through NMR metabolic profiling. Identified metabolites that were found to be significantly altered between the groups were subjected to correlation analysis to potentially elucidate disturbed metabolic pathways. Our results showed a significant reduction of glutamine (P=0.002) and ornithine (P<0.05) in the blood of the CFS samples. Correlation analysis of glutamine and ornithine with other metabolites in the CFS sera showed relationships with glucogenic amino acids and metabolites that participate in the urea cycle. This indicates a possible disturbance to amino acid and nitrogen metabolism. It would be beneficial to identify any potential biomarkers of CFS for accurate diagnosis of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Armstrong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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27
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were (1) to determine nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic characteristics and metabolite profiles of serum samples from patients with pancreatic cancer compared with noncancerous control samples and (2) to ascertain if the accuracy of metabolite identification by 1D spectra can be improved upon by confirmation of spin-system assignment using more sophisticated experiments. METHODS Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, including 1D, total correlation spectroscopy, and heteronuclear multiple/single quantum coherence, were obtained from serum samples from patients with pancreatic cancer and control subjects and used to determine serum levels of a range of metabolites. RESULTS The data show that total choline (P = 0.03), taurine (P = 0.03), and glucose plus triglycerides (P = 0.01) are significantly higher in cancer versus control samples. Also detected were species that could not be individually identified and that were designated UCM (unresolved complex matter). Levels of UCM are significantly higher in subjects with cancer, being almost double those of control samples. CONCLUSIONS Although metabolites such as lactate, taurine, glucose, choline, and triglycerides can be determined from 1D spectra, accuracy is improved by confirmation of spin-system assignment with total correlation spectroscopy and heteronuclear multiple/single quantum coherence spectral analysis. In addition, we introduce a new metric, UCM, which is at higher concentrations in cancer compared with control samples.
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