1
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Zhang J, Deng Z, Feng H, Shao B, Liu D. A multifunctional fluorescent sensor for Ag + and Hg 2+ detection in seawater. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 196:22. [PMID: 38060083 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to detect Ag+ and Hg2+ in seawater, we explored a multifunctional fluorescence sensor. A multifunctional Ag+ and Hg2+ sensor was designed by using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as quenching agent, PicoGreen dye as fluorescent probe of base pairing double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and combining the characteristics of Ag+ making C base mismatch and Hg2+ making T base mismatch. Meanwhile, the DNA logic gate was constructed by establishing logic circuit, truth table, and logic formula. The relevant performances of the sensor were investigated. The results revealed that the sensor can detect Ag+ in the range of 100 to 700 nM with R2 = 0.98129, and its detection limit is 16.88 nM (3σ/slope). The detection range of Hg2+is 100-900 nM with R2 = 0.99725, and the detection limit is 5.59 nM (3σ/slope). An AND-AND-NOR-AND molecular logic gate has been successfully designed. With the characteristics of high sensitivity, multifunction, and low cost, the recommended detection method has the potential to be applied to the detection of Ag+ and Hg2+ in seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- College of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Danzhou, 571737, China
| | - Ziqi Deng
- College of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Danzhou, 571737, China
| | - Hongbo Feng
- College of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Danzhou, 571737, China
| | - Bingqian Shao
- College of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Danzhou, 571737, China.
| | - Debing Liu
- College of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Danzhou, 571737, China.
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2
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Zhang H, Dong K, Xiang S, Lin Y, Cha X, Shang Y, Xu W. A Novel Cu2+ Quantitative Detection Nucleic Acid Biosensors Based on DNAzyme and “Blocker” Beacon. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071504. [PMID: 37048325 PMCID: PMC10094606 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a “turn-off” biosensor for detecting copper (II) ions based on Cu2+-dependent DNAzyme and a “blocker” beacon were developed. Upon the copper ion being added, the Cu2+-dependent DNAzyme substrate strand was irreversibly cleaved, thereby blocking the occurrence of the ligation reaction and PCR, which inhibited the G-rich sequence from forming the G-quadruplex structure, efficiently reducing the detection signal. This method had the characteristics of strong specificity and high sensitivity compared with the existing method due to the application of ligation-dependent probe signal recognition and amplification procedures. Under the optimized conditions, this method proved to be highly sensitive. The signal decreased as the concentration of copper ions increased, exhibiting a linear calibration from 0.03125 μM to 0.5 μM and a limit of detection of 18.25 nM. Subsequently, the selectivity of this biosensor was verified to be excellent by testing different relevant metal ions. Furthermore, this detection system of copper (II) ions was successfully applied to monitor Cu2+ contained in actual water samples, which demonstrated the feasibility of the biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyue Zhang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Kai Dong
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuna Xiang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yingting Lin
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cha
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ying Shang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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3
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Mao Q, Yang J, Wu X, Fu Y, Song X, Ma T. Determination of multiple targets by using dual-fluorescence emissive carbon dots. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2023.100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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4
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Peng L, Chen G, Zhou H, Yang F. Determination of copper and lead ions using gold nanoparticles as a colorimetric probe with the aid of cysteine. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Jing Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Guo‐Ying Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Hang‐Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Feng‐Qing Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing P. R. China
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5
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Xiao X, Zhen S. Recent advances in fluorescence anisotropy/polarization signal amplification. RSC Adv 2022; 12:6364-6376. [PMID: 35424604 PMCID: PMC8982260 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00058j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence anisotropy/polarization is an attractive and versatile technique based on molecular rotation in biochemical/biophysical systems. Traditional fluorescence anisotropy/polarization assays showed relatively low sensitivity for molecule detection, because widespread molecular masses are too small to produce detectable changes in fluorescence anisotropy/polarization value. In this review, we discuss in detail how the potential of fluorescence anisotropy/polarization signal approach considerably expanded through the implementation of mass amplification, recycle the target amplification, fluorescence probes structure-switching amplification, resonance energy transfer amplification, and provide perspectives at future directions and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Chemistry of the State Ethnic Commission, College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University 610041 Chengdu PR China
| | - Shujun Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University 400715 Chongqing PR China
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6
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Das N, Khan T, Das A, Jain VK, Acharya J, Faizi MSH, Daniel J, Sen P. A Novel Quinoline Derivative for Selective and Sensitive Visual Detection
of PPB Level Cu2+ in an Aqueous Solution. CURR ANAL CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411016999201123162027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aim:
Selective and sensitive visual detection of Cu2+in aqueous solution at PPB level using easily synthesized
compound.
Background:
The search for a chemosensor that can detect Cu2+ is very long owing to the fact that an optimum level of
Cu2+ is required for human health and the recommended amount of Cu2+ in drinking water is set to be 1-2 mgL-1
. Thus, it
is very important to detect Cu2+ even at a very low concentration to assess the associated health risks.
Objective:
We are still seeking for the easiest, cheapest, fastest and greenest sensor that can selectively, sensitively and
accurately detect Cu2+ with lowest detection limit. Our objective of this work is to find one such Cu2+ sensor.
Methods:
We have synthesized a quinoline derivative following very easy synthetic procedures and characterize the
compound by standard methods. For sensing study, we used steady state absorption and emission spectroscopy.
Results:
Our sensor can detect Cu2+ selectively and sensitively in aqueous solution instantaneously even in the presence of
excess amount of other salts. The pale-yellow color of the sensor turns red on the addition of Cu2+
. There is no
interference from other cations and anions. A 2:1 binding mechanism of the ligand with Cu2+ is proposed using Jobs plot
with binding constant in the order of 109 M-2
. We calculated the LOD to be 18 ppb, which is quite low than what is
permissible in drinking water.
Conclusion:
We developed a new quinoline based chemo-sensor following straightforward synthetic procedure from very
cheap starting materials that can detect Cu2+ visually and instantaneously in aqueous solution with ppb level sensitivity
and zero interference from other ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilimesh Das
- Depatment of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur - 208 016, UP, India
| | - Tanmoy Khan
- Depatment of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur - 208 016, UP, India
| | - Aritra Das
- Depatment of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur - 208 016, UP, India
| | - Vipin Kumar Jain
- Depatment of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur - 208 016, UP, India
| | - Joydev Acharya
- Depatment of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur - 208 016, UP, India
| | - Md. Serajul Haque Faizi
- Depatment of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur - 208 016, UP, India
- Department of Chemistry,
Langat Singh College, B. R. A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur - 842 001, Bihar, India
| | - Joseph Daniel
- Department of Chemistry,
Christ Church College, Kanpur - 208 001, UP, India
| | - Pratik Sen
- Depatment of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur - 208 016, UP, India
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7
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Wang S, Yan X, Su G, Yan B. Cytotoxicity Induction by the Oxidative Reactivity of Nanoparticles Revealed by a Combinatorial GNP Library with Diverse Redox Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:3630. [PMID: 34198523 PMCID: PMC8231810 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is crucial to establish relationship between nanoparticle structures (or properties) and nanotoxicity. Previous investigations have shown that a nanoparticle's size, shape, surface and core materials all impact its toxicity. However, the relationship between the redox property of nanoparticles and their toxicity has not been established when all other nanoparticle properties are identical. Here, by synthesizing an 80-membered combinatorial gold nanoparticle (GNP) library with diverse redox properties, we systematically explored this causal relationship. The compelling results revealed that the oxidative reactivity of GNPs, rather than their other physicochemical properties, directly caused cytotoxicity via induction of cellular oxidative stress. Our results show that the redox diversity of nanoparticles is regulated by GNPs modified with redox reactive ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenqing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Xiliang Yan
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Gaoxing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China;
| | - Bing Yan
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
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8
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Jiang T, Wang G, Chen TH. Microfluidic particle accumulation for visual quantitation of copper ions. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:176. [PMID: 33903980 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04822-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A portable biosensor has been developed based on microfluidic particle accumulation for visual quantification of copper ions. A copper-dependent DNAzyme is used to connect magnetic microparticles (MMPs) and polystyrene microparticles (PMPs), forming "MMPs-DNAzyme-PMPs." When copper ions are present, the DNAzyme is cleaved, allowing free PMPs to be released from the MMPs-DNAzyme-PMP complex. Using a capillary-flow-based microfluidic device, the MMPs-DNAzyme-PMPs are first separated by a magnetic chamber, allowing the free PMPs to continue flowing until being trapped at a particle dam with a narrowing nozzle. Therefore, as a thermometer-like display, the copper level can be visually quantified by the accumulation length of the free PMPs in the trapping microchannel. The limit of detection (LOD) is 33 nM determined by the linear range of 25-100 nM, which is 900 times lower than the prevalent standard (~30 μM) in Hong Kong. The system shows excellent selectivity (> 1000-folds) against other heavy metal ions and abilities to adapt to multiple water environmental conditions. Tests on tap water samples and three local natural water sources in Hong Kong manifest that the device can effectively monitor the quality of freshwater with >70% recovery and 26.16% RSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gaobo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ting-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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9
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Zhang J, Xu H, Li C, Wang Y, Liu D, Zhao S. A label-free logic gate hairpin aptasensor for sensitive detection of ATP based on graphene oxide and PicoGreen dye. J Anal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-021-00262-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In this paper, a simple, enzyme-free, label-free fluorescence, high sensitivity logic gate hairpin aptasensor was developed for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) detection based on graphene oxide (GO) and PicoGreen dye.
Methods
Using single-strand deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as input signal and fluorescence signal as output signal, if single-strand DNA (DNA-L), single-strand DNA (DNA-S), and ATP were present at the same time, one segment of DNA-L formed a hairpin ring with ATP, and the other segment of DNA-L formed a completely complementary hairpin stem with DNA-S. The hairpin DNA was detached from the GO surface, and PicoGreen dye was embedded into the hairpin stem, and the fluorescence signal was enhanced. The molecular logic gate was constructed through the establishment of logic histogram, logic circuit, truth table, and logic formula. The biosensor-related performances including sensitivity, selectivity, and linearity were investigated, respectively.
Results
We have successfully constructed a AND logic gate. The detection limit of ATP is 138.0 pmol/L (3σ/slope) with detection range of 50–500 nmol/L (R2 = 0.98951), and its sensitivity is 4.748 × 106–6.875 × 108 a.u. (mol/L)−1.
Conclusions
The logic gate hairpin aptamer sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, low detection limit, and low cost, and can be successfully applied to the detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in actual human urine samples.
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10
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Niu Y, Ding T, Liu J, Zhang G, Tong L, Cheng X, Yang Y, Chen Z, Tang B. Fluorescence switch of gold nanoclusters stabilized with bovine serum albumin for efficient and sensitive detection of cysteine and copper ion in mice with Alzheimer's disease. Talanta 2021; 223:121745. [PMID: 33298269 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The near-infrared fluorescence of gold nanoclusters stabilized with bovine serum albumin (BSA -AuNCs) centered at 675 nm could be enhanced by cysteine and then effectively quenched by copper ion (Cu2+), therefore, cysteine and copper ion could be detected in sequence. At "on" state, fluorescence enhancement of BSA-AuNCs is generated due to the reaction between cysteine and BSA-AuNCs, via filling the surface defect of gold nanoclusters, while Cu2+ can further oxidize the reductive sulfydryl of cysteine and interact with amino acids presented in the BSA chain, inducing gold nanoclusters to aggregate, thus causing "off" state with fluorescence quenching. Fluorescence switch of BSA-AuNCs can be used for cysteine and Cu2+ detection in mice brain with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in vitro, with fast response, high chemical stability and sensitivity. Besides, it was able to image the endogenous Cu2+ in liver and heart of AD mice in situ. The results are promising, especially in the framework of early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Niu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Tong Ding
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Junmin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Guanglu Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Lili Tong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Xiufen Cheng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China.
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
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11
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DNAzyme-Au nanoprobe coupled with graphene-oxide–loaded hybridization chain reaction signal amplification for fluorometric determination of alkaline phosphatase. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04681-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Fan YL, Liu ZY, Zeng YM, Huang LY, Li Z, Zhang ZL, Pang DW, Tian ZQ. A near-infrared-II fluorescence anisotropy strategy for separation-free detection of adenosine triphosphate in complex media. Talanta 2020; 223:121721. [PMID: 33303167 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence anisotropy (FA) has been widely applied for detecting and monitoring special targets in life sciences. However, matrix autofluorescence restricted its further application in complex biological samples. Herein, we report a near-infrared-II (NIR-II) FA strategy for detecting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in human serum samples and breast cancer cell lysate, which employed NIR-II fluorescent Ag2Se quantum dots (QDs) as tags to reduce matrix autofluorescence effect and applied graphene oxide (GO) to enhance fluorescence anisotropy signals. In the presence of ATP, the recognition between NIR-II Ag2Se QDs labeled aptamer (QD-pDNA) and ATP led to the release of QD-pDNA from GO, resulting in the obvious decrease of FA values. ATP could be quantitatively detected in concentrations ranged from 3 nM to 2500 nM, with a detection limit down to 1.01 nM. This study showed that the developed NIR-II FA strategy could be applied for detecting targets in complex biological samples and had great potential for monitoring interactions between biomolecules in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Fan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Zhen-Ya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Yu-Mei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Lu-Yao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Zhi-Quan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, PR China.
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13
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Tekuri V, Mohan M, Trivedi DR. Smart Colorimetric Chemosensors for Multi‐Analyte Signaling: Recognition of Heavy Metal Ions in an Aqueous Medium and DFT Studies. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkatadri Tekuri
- Supramolecular Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK)-Surathkal Surathkal Mangalore 575 025. INDIA
| | - Makesh Mohan
- Optoelectronics LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsNational Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK)-Surathkal Surathkal Mangalore 575 025. INDIA
| | - Darshak R. Trivedi
- Supramolecular Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK)-Surathkal Surathkal Mangalore 575 025. INDIA
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14
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Liu YX, Xiao X, Li CH, Men C, Ye QC, Lv WY, Li YF, Huang CZ, Zhen SJ. DNA nanosheet as an excellent fluorescence anisotropy amplification platform for accurate and sensitive biosensing. Talanta 2020; 211:120730. [PMID: 32070579 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, various inorganic nanomaterials have been used as fluorescence anisotropy (FA) enhancers for biosensing successfully. However, most of them are size-uncontrollable and possess an intensive fluorescence quenching ability, which will seriously reduce the accuracy and sensitivity of FA method. Herein, we report a two-dimensional DNA nanosheet (DNS) without fluorescence quenching effect as a novel FA amplification platform. In our strategy, fluorophore-labeled probe DNA (pDNA) is linked onto the DNS surface through the hybridization with the handle DNA (hDNA) that extended from the DNS, resulting in the significantly enhanced FA value. After the addition of target, the pDNA was released from the DNS surface due to the high affinity between the hDNA and target, and the FA was decreased. Thus, target could be detected by the significantly decreased FA value. The linear range was 10-50 nM and the limit of detection was 8 nM for the single-stranded DNA detection. This new method is general and has been also successfully applied for the detection of ATP and thrombin sensitively. Our method improved the accuracy of FA assay and has great potential to detect series of biological analytes in complex biosensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xue Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chun Hong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chen Men
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qi Chao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Wen Yi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yuan Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Cheng Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, PR China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shu Jun Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, PR China.
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15
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Podasca VE, Chibac AL, Buruiana EC. Fluorescence quenching study of a block copolymer with uracil end units by means of nitroaromatic derivatives and metal cations. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Chen J, Liu J, Chen X, Qiu H. Recent progress in nanomaterial-enhanced fluorescence polarization/anisotropy sensors. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Li S, Li G, Du Z, Zhu L, Tian J, Luo Y, Huang K, Xu W. The ultra-sensitive visual biosensor based on thermostatic triple step functional nucleic acid cascade amplification for detecting Zn2+. Food Chem 2019; 290:95-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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18
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Nucleic acid aptamers improving fluorescence anisotropy and fluorescence polarization assays for small molecules. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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19
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A Label-Free Fluorescent DNA Machine for Sensitive Cyclic Amplification Detection of ATP. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11122408. [PMID: 30501020 PMCID: PMC6316892 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a target recycled amplification, background signal suppression, label-free fluorescent, enzyme-free deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) machine was developed for the detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in human urine. ATP and DNA fuel strands (FS) were found to trigger the operation of the DNA machine and lead to the cyclic multiplexing of ATP and the release of single stranded (SS) DNA. Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) was formed on graphene oxide (GO) from the combination of SS DNA and complementary strands (CS′). These double strands then detached from the surface of the GO and in the process interacted with PicoGreen dye resulting in amplifying fluorescence intensity. The results revealed that the detection range of the DNA machine is from 100 to 600 nM (R2 = 0.99108) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 127.9 pM. A DNA machine circuit and AND-NOT-AND-OR logic gates were successfully constructed, and the strategy was used to detect ATP in human urine. With the advantage of target recycling amplification and GO suppressing background signal without fluorescent label and enzyme, this developed strategy has great potential for sensitive detection of different proteins and small molecules.
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20
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Zhang J, Yang C, Niu C, Liu C, Cai X, Du J, Chen Y. A Label-Free Fluorescent AND Logic Gate Aptasensor for Sensitive ATP Detection. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18103281. [PMID: 30274300 PMCID: PMC6210427 DOI: 10.3390/s18103281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a label-free fluorescent, enzyme-free, simple, highly sensitive AND logic gate aptasensor was developed for the detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with cohesive ends was attached to graphene oxide (GO) to form an aptasensor probe. ATP and single-stranded DNA were used as input signals. Fluorescence intensity of PicoGreen dye was used as an output signal. The biosensor-related performances, including the logic gate construction, reaction time, linearity, sensitivity, and specificity, were investigated and the results showed that an AND logic gate was successfully constructed. The ATP detection range was found to be 20 to 400 nM (R² = 0.9943) with limit of detection (LOD) of 142.6 pM, and the sensitivity range was 1.846 × 10⁶ to 2.988 × 10⁶ M-1. This method for the detection of ATP has the characteristics of being simple, low cost, and highly sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Information Science & Technology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Chunzheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Information Science & Technology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Chaoqun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Information Science & Technology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Information Science & Technology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Xuepin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Information Science & Technology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Jie Du
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Information Science & Technology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Information Science & Technology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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21
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Zhang J, Zhang S, Niu C, Liu C, Du J, Chen Y. A Label-Free Fluorescent DNA Calculator Based on Gold Nanoparticles for Sensitive Detection of ATP. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102494. [PMID: 30274237 PMCID: PMC6222419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we described a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) calculator for sensitive detection of the determination of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using gold nanoparticles (GNP) and PicoGreen fluorescence dye as signal transducer, and ATP and single-stranded DNA (DNA-M′) as activators. The calculator-related performances including linearity, reaction time, logic gate, and selectivity were investigated, respectively. The results revealed that this oligonucleotide sensor was highly sensitive and selective. The detection range was 50–500 nmol/L (R2 = 0.99391) and the detection limit was 46.5 nmol/L. The AND DNA calculator was successfully used for the ATP detection in human urine. Compared with other methods, this DNA calculator has the characteristics of being label-free, non-enzymic, simple, and highly sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Information Science & Technology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Shizhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Information Science & Technology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Chaoqun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Information Science & Technology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Information Science & Technology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Jie Du
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Information Science & Technology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Information Science & Technology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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22
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Yousefi H, Ali MM, Su HM, Filipe CDM, Didar TF. Sentinel Wraps: Real-Time Monitoring of Food Contamination by Printing DNAzyme Probes on Food Packaging. ACS NANO 2018; 12:3287-3294. [PMID: 29621883 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the development of a transparent, durable, and flexible sensing surface that generates a fluorescence signal in the presence of a specific target bacterium. This material can be used in packaging, and it is capable of monitoring microbial contamination in various types of food products in real time without having to remove the sample or the sensor from the package. The sensor was fabricated by covalently attaching picoliter-sized microarrays of an E. coli-specific RNA-cleaving fluorogenic DNAzyme probe (RFD-EC1) to a thin, flexible, and transparent cyclo-olefin polymer (COP) film. Our experimental results demonstrate that the developed (RFD-EC1)-COP surface is specific, stable for at least 14 days under various pH conditions (pH 3-9), and can detect E. coli in meat and apple juice at concentrations as low as 103 CFU/mL. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our sensor is capable of detecting bacteria while still attached to the food package, which eliminates the need to manipulate the sample. The developed biosensors are stable for at least the shelf life of perishable packaged food products and provide a packaging solution for real-time monitoring of pathogens. These sensors hold the potential to make a significant contribution to the ongoing efforts to mitigate the negative public-health-related impacts of food-borne illnesses.
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23
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Perrier S, Guieu V, Chovelon B, Ravelet C, Peyrin E. Panoply of Fluorescence Polarization/Anisotropy Signaling Mechanisms for Functional Nucleic Acid-Based Sensing Platforms. Anal Chem 2018. [PMID: 29513518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence polarization/anisotropy is a very popular technique that is widely used in homogeneous-phase immunoassays for the small molecule quantification. In the present Feature, we discuss how the potential of this signaling approach considerably expanded during the last 2 decades through the implementation of a myriad of original transducing strategies that use functional nucleic acid recognition elements as a promising alternative to antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Perrier
- University Grenoble Alpes , DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble , France.,CNRS , DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble , France
| | - Valérie Guieu
- University Grenoble Alpes , DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble , France.,CNRS , DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble , France
| | - Benoit Chovelon
- University Grenoble Alpes , DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble , France.,CNRS , DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble , France.,Département de Biochimie, Toxicologie et Pharmacologie , CHU de Grenoble Site Nord-Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie , F-38041 Grenoble , France
| | - Corinne Ravelet
- University Grenoble Alpes , DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble , France.,CNRS , DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble , France
| | - Eric Peyrin
- University Grenoble Alpes , DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble , France.,CNRS , DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble , France
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24
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Novel fluorescent probe bearing triarylimidazole and pyridine moieties for the rapid and naked-eye recognition of Cu 2+. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Wang B, Ren D, You Z, Yalikun Y, Tanaka Y. Ultrasensitive detection of nucleic acids based on dually enhanced fluorescence polarization. Analyst 2018; 143:3560-3569. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00952j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Increase of the molecular volume and quenching effect induced by AuNP conjugation can both enhance the fluorescence polarization of Alexa488.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments
- Department of Precision Instrument
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Dahai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments
- Department of Precision Instrument
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Zheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments
- Department of Precision Instrument
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Laboratory for Integrated Biodevice
- Quantitative Biology Center
- Osaka 565-0871
- Japan
| | - Yo Tanaka
- Laboratory for Integrated Biodevice
- Quantitative Biology Center
- Osaka 565-0871
- Japan
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26
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Abbasi S, Khani H. Highly selective and sensitive method for Cu 2+ detection based on chiroptical activity of L-Cysteine mediated Au nanorod assemblies. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 186:76-81. [PMID: 28614752 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrated a simple and efficient method to detect Cu2+ based on amplified optical activity in the chiral nanoassemblies of gold nanorods (Au NRs). L-Cysteine can induce side-by-side or end-to-end assembly of Au NRs with an evident plasmonic circular dichroism (PCD) response due to coupling between surface plasmon resonances (SPR) of Au NRs and the chiral signal of L-Cys. Because of the obvious stronger plasmonic circular dichrosim (CD) response of the side-by-side assembly compared with the end-to-end assemblies, SS assembled Au NRs was selected as a sensitive platform and used for Cu2+ detection. In the presence of Cu2+, Cu2+ can catalyze O2 oxidation of cysteine to cystine. With an increase in Cu2+ concentration, the L-Cysteine-mediated assembly of Au NRs decreased because of decrease in the free cysteine thiol groups, and the PCD signal decreased. Taking advantage of this method, Cu2+ could be detected in the concentration range of 20pM-5nM. Under optimal conditions, the calculated detection limit was found to be 7pM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamzeh Khani
- Department of Chemistry, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
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27
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Zhen SJ, Xiao X, Li CH, Huang CZ. An Enzyme-Free DNA Circuit-Assisted Graphene Oxide Enhanced Fluorescence Anisotropy Assay for MicroRNA Detection with Improved Sensitivity and Selectivity. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8766-8771. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Jun Zhen
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry
(Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, and ‡College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry
(Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, and ‡College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Hong Li
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry
(Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, and ‡College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhi Huang
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry
(Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, and ‡College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Zhu H, Xu H, Yu H, Zhang K, Hayat T, Alsaedi A, Wang S. Immobilization of Quantum Dots on Fluorescent Graphene Oxide for Ratiometric Fluorescence Detection of Copper Ions. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Houjuan Zhu
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering; North China Electric Power University, Changping; Beijing 102206 China
- Institute of Intelligent Machines; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei, Anhui 230031 China
| | - Hongda Xu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei, Anhui 230031 China
| | - Huan Yu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei, Anhui 230031 China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei, Anhui 230031 China
| | - Tasawar Hayat
- NAAM Research Group, Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Mathematics; Quaid-I-Azam University; Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Alsaedi
- NAAM Research Group, Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhua Wang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering; North China Electric Power University, Changping; Beijing 102206 China
- NAAM Research Group, Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Institute of Intelligent Machines; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei, Anhui 230031 China
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhu Zhou
- Xiangya
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Department
of Chemistry, Water Institute, and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Runjhun Saran
- Department
of Chemistry, Water Institute, and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Water Institute, and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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30
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A new colorimetric chemosensors for Cu2+ and Cd2+ ions detection: Application in environmental water samples and analytical method validation. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 972:81-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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31
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Zhang J, Cheng F, Li J, Zhu JJ, Lu Y. Fluorescent nanoprobes for sensing and imaging of metal ions: recent advances and future perspectives. NANO TODAY 2016; 11:309-329. [PMID: 27818705 PMCID: PMC5089816 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanoscale science and technology have generated nanomaterials with unique optical properties. Over the past decade, numerous fluorescent nanoprobes have been developed for highly sensitive and selective sensing and imaging of metal ions, both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent development of the design and optical properties of the different classes of fluorescent nanoprobes based on noble metal nanomaterials, upconversion nanoparticles, semiconductor quantum dots, and carbon-based nanomaterials. We further detail their application in the detection and quantification of metal ions for environmental monitoring, food safety, medical diagnostics, as well as their use in biomedical imaging in living cells and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingJing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - FangFang Cheng
- College of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - JingJing Li
- College of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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32
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Exonuclease III-assisted graphene oxide amplified fluorescence anisotropy strategy for ricin detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:822-827. [PMID: 27295569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is an excellent fluorescence anisotropy (FA) amplifier. However, in the conventional GO amplified FA strategy, one target can only induce the FA change of one fluorophore on probe, which limits the detection sensitivity. Herein, we developed an exonuclease III (Exo III) aided GO amplified FA strategy by using aptamer as an recognition element and ricin B-chain as a proof-of-concept target. The aptamer was hybridized with a blocker sequence and linked onto the surface of magnetic beads (MBs). Upon the addition of ricin B-chain, blocker was released from the surface of MBs and hybridized with the dye-modified probe DNA on the surface of GO through the toehold-mediated strand exchange reaction. The formed blocker-probe DNA duplex triggered the Exo III-assisted cyclic signal amplification by repeating the hybridization and digestion of probe DNA, liberating the fluorophore with several nucleotides (low FA value). Thus, ricin B-chain could be sensitively detected by the significantly decreased FA. The linear range was from 1.0μg/mL to 13.3μg/mL and the limit of detection (LOD) was 400ng/mL. This method improved the sensitivity of FA assay and it could be generalized to any kind of target detection based on the use of an appropriate aptamer.
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33
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DNAzyme-based biosensor for Cu(2+) ion by combining hybridization chain reaction with fluorescence resonance energy transfer technique. Talanta 2016; 155:245-9. [PMID: 27216680 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel signal amplification strategy based on Cu(2+)-dependent DNAzyme was developed for sensing Cu(2+) ion by combining hybridization chain reaction (HCR) with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique. In the presence of Cu(2+) ion, the substrate strands of Cu(2+)-dependent DNAzyme immobilized on magnetic beads were specifically cleaved and released. The released strands initiated the HCR process of hairpin H1 and H2 labeled with FAM as the donor and TAMRA as the acceptor, respectively. Long nicked dsDNA structures were self-assembled to bring the donor and the acceptor in close proximity, resulting in a FRET process. The relative ratio of fluorescent intensities of the acceptor and donor was used to quantitatively detect Cu(2+) ion with a limit of detection of 0.5nmolL(-1). This proposed biosensor was applied to detect Cu(2+) ion in tap water with satisfactory results.
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34
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Tian R, Chen X, Liu D, Yao C. A Sensitive Biosensor for Determination of Cu2+by One-step Electrodeposition. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201501070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tian
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Dejin Liu
- Institute of Environmental Science of Wanzhou District; Chongqing 404000 P.R. China
| | - Cheng Yao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
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35
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Bhattacharyya A, Ghosh S, Guchhait N. Highly sensitive and selective “naked eye” sensing of Cu(ii) by a novel amido–imine based receptor: a spectrophotometric and DFT study with practical application. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01269h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of (E)-bis-N'-((1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-methylene)-pyridine-2,6-carbohydrazide and its sensing ability towards copper(ii) ion in aqueous medium by color change, the sensing limit being 4.0 × 10−9 M.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soumen Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
| | - Nikhil Guchhait
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
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36
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Electrochemical determination of trace lead(II) with enhanced sensitivity and selectivity by three-dimensional nanoporous gold leaf and self-assembled homocysteine monolayer. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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37
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ZHAO XH, MENG HM, GONG L, QIU LP, ZHANG XB, TAN WH. Recent Progress of DNAzyme-Nanomaterial Based Biosensors. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(15)60873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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Gong L, Zhao Z, Lv YF, Huan SY, Fu T, Zhang XB, Shen GL, Yu RQ. DNAzyme-based biosensors and nanodevices. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:979-95. [PMID: 25336076 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06855f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
DNAzymes, screened through in vitro selection, have shown great promise as molecular tools in the design of biosensors and nanodevices. The catalytic activities of DNAzymes depend specifically on cofactors and show multiple enzymatic turnover properties, which make DNAzymes both versatile recognition elements and outstanding signal amplifiers. Combining nanomaterials with unique optical, magnetic and electronic properties, DNAzymes may yield novel fluorescent, colorimetric, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), electrochemical and chemiluminescent biosensors. Moreover, some DNAzymes have been utilized as functional components to perform arithmetic operations or as "walkers" to move along DNA tracks. DNAzymes can also function as promising therapeutics, when designed to complement target mRNAs or viral RNAs, and consequently lead to down-regulation of protein expression. This feature article focuses on the most significant achievements in using DNAzymes as recognition elements and signal amplifiers for biosensors, and highlights the applications of DNAzymes in logic gates, DNA walkers and nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gong
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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39
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Saadaoui M, Fernández I, Sánchez A, Díez P, Campuzano S, Raouafi N, Pingarrón JM, Villalonga R. Mesoporous silica thin film mechanized with a DNAzyme-based molecular switch for electrochemical biosensing. Electrochem commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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40
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Zhang D, Fu R, Zhao Q, Rong H, Wang H. Nanoparticles-Free Fluorescence Anisotropy Amplification Assay for Detection of RNA Nucleotide-Cleaving DNAzyme Activity. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4903-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Fu
- School
of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiqin Rong
- School
of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailin Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People’s Republic of China
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41
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Zhen SJ, Yu Y, Li CM, Huang CZ. Graphene oxide amplified fluorescence anisotropy for label-free detection of potassium ion. Analyst 2015; 140:353-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01433b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A label-free fluorescence anisotropy method for the sensitive detection of potassium ion, by using graphene oxide as enhancer, was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Jun Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- P.R. China
| | - Yan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southwest University
- P.R. China
| | - Chun Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southwest University
- P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- P.R. China
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42
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Xiao X, Li YF, Huang CZ, Zhen SJ. A novel graphene oxide amplified fluorescence anisotropy assay with improved accuracy and sensitivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:16080-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05902j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel and versatile graphene oxide (GO) amplified fluorescence anisotropy (FA) strategy with improved accuracy and sensitivity has been successfully developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
| | - Yuan Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
| | - Cheng Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
| | - Shu Jun Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
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43
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Silica nanoparticles doped with a europium(III) complex and coated with an ion imprinted polymer for rapid determination of copper(II). Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1382-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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44
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Jin LH, Han CS. Ultrasensitive and Selective Fluorimetric Detection of Copper Ions Using Thiosulfate-Involved Quantum Dots. Anal Chem 2014; 86:7209-13. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501515f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Jin
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong,
Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Han
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong,
Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Korea
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45
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Ge C, Luo Q, Wang D, Zhao S, Liang X, Yu L, Xing X, Zeng L. Colorimetric Detection of Copper(II) Ion Using Click Chemistry and Hemin/G-Quadruplex Horseradish Peroxidase-Mimicking DNAzyme. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6387-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501739a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Ge
- Key Laboratory
of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology
and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and
Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Quan Luo
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Dou Wang
- Key Laboratory
of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology
and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and
Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Shiming Zhao
- Key Laboratory
of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology
and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and
Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- School of Life
Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- Key Laboratory
of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology
and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and
Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Luxin Yu
- Key Laboratory
of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology
and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and
Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Xuerong Xing
- Tianjin Institute
of Industrial Biotechnology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Lingwen Zeng
- Key Laboratory
of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology
and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and
Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
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46
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Sensitive aptamer-based fluorescence polarization assay for mercury(II) ions and cysteine using silver nanoparticles as a signal amplifier. Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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47
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He YC, Yin BC, Jiang L, Ye BC. The rapid detection of microRNA based on p19-enhanced fluorescence polarization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:6236-9. [PMID: 24788879 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00705k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Via a molecular caliper p19 protein, we have developed an amplified fluorescence polarization method for rapid microRNA detection. This proposed assay has several intrinsic features including rapidity, simplicity, and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chen He
- Lab of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China.
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48
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A sensitive resonance light scattering assay for uranyl ion based on the conformational change of a nuclease-resistant aptamer and gold nanoparticles acting as signal reporters. Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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49
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Huang Y, Shi M, Zhao L, Zhao S, Hu K, Chen ZF, Chen J, Liang H. Carbon nanotube signal amplification for ultrasensitive fluorescence polarization detection of DNA methyltransferase activity and inhibition. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 54:285-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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50
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Abstract
Increasing interest in detecting metal ions in many chemical and biomedical fields has created demands for developing sensors and imaging agents for metal ions with high sensitivity and selectivity. This review covers recent progress in DNA-based sensors and imaging agents for metal ions. Through both combinatorial selection and rational design, a number of metal-ion-dependent DNAzymes and metal-ion-binding DNA structures that can selectively recognize specific metal ions have been obtained. By attachment of these DNA molecules with signal reporters such as fluorophores, chromophores, electrochemical tags, and Raman tags, a number of DNA-based sensors for both diamagnetic and paramagnetic metal ions have been developed for fluorescent, colorimetric, electrochemical, and surface Raman detection. These sensors are highly sensitive (with a detection limit down to 11 ppt) and selective (with selectivity up to millions-fold) toward specific metal ions. In addition, through further development to simplify the operation, such as the use of "dipstick tests", portable fluorometers, computer-readable disks, and widely available glucose meters, these sensors have been applied for on-site and real-time environmental monitoring and point-of-care medical diagnostics. The use of these sensors for in situ cellular imaging has also been reported. The generality of the combinatorial selection to obtain DNAzymes for almost any metal ion in any oxidation state and the ease of modification of the DNA with different signal reporters make DNA an emerging and promising class of molecules for metal-ion sensing and imaging in many fields of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Fax: 217-244-3186; Tel: 217-333-2619
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Fax: 217-244-3186; Tel: 217-333-2619
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