1
|
Liu Y, Zhan L, Qin Z, Sackrison J, Bischof JC. Ultrasensitive and Highly Specific Lateral Flow Assays for Point-of-Care Diagnosis. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3593-3611. [PMID: 33607867 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are paper-based point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tools that are widely used because of their low cost, ease of use, and rapid format. Unfortunately, traditional commercial LFAs have significantly poorer sensitivities (μM) and specificities than standard laboratory tests (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA: pM-fM; polymerase chain reaction, PCR: aM), thus limiting their impact in disease control. In this Perspective, we review the evolving efforts to increase the sensitivity and specificity of LFAs. Recent work to improve the sensitivity through assay improvement includes optimization of the assay kinetics and signal amplification by either reader systems or additional reagents. Together, these efforts have produced LFAs with ELISA-level sensitivities (pM-fM). In addition, sample preamplification can be applied to both nucleic acids (direct amplification) and other analytes (indirect amplification) prior to LFA testing, which can lead to PCR-level (aM) sensitivity. However, these amplification strategies also increase the detection time and assay complexity, which inhibits the large-scale POC use of LFAs. Perspectives to achieve future rapid (<30 min), ultrasensitive (PCR-level), and "sample-to-answer" POC diagnostics are also provided. In the case of LFA specificity, recent research efforts have focused on high-affinity molecules and assay optimization to reduce nonspecific binding. Furthermore, novel highly specific molecules, such as CRISPR/Cas systems, can be integrated into diagnosis with LFAs to produce not only ultrasensitive but also highly specific POC diagnostics. In summary, with continuing improvements, LFAs may soon offer performance at the POC that is competitive with laboratory techniques while retaining a rapid format.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Li Zhan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Zhenpeng Qin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080 United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - James Sackrison
- 3984 Hunters Hill Way, Minnetonka, Minnesota 55345, United States
| | - John C Bischof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Director, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kuang Z, Deng H, Xu L, Hu Q, Cai Y, Wang R, Luo S, Liu T, Hao W. A homogeneous immunoassay for detection of the interaction between two tumor biomarkers of IGF1R-β and SOCS1. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:769-775. [PMID: 32700452 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The current protein interaction method is time consuming and cumbersome or the instrument is expensive. A new method that is convenient, fast, and high throughput needs to be studied urgently. The purpose of this study was to establish a homogeneous immunoassay to detect the interaction between insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor-β (IGF1R-β) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1). The recombinant vectors IGF1R-β/pENTER and SOCS1/pENTER were constructed and transfected into 293T cells. Based on homogeneous immunoassay technology, we established a suitable method. The signal intensity in the 293T lysate that overexpressed IGF1R-β and SOCS1, respectively, was compared with the signal intensity in the simultaneous expression of IGF1R-β and SOCS1. The interaction between IGF1R-β and SOCS1 was verified in vitro. The detection system for the interaction between IGF1R-β and SOCS1 was established. Compared with other methods, homogeneous immunoassay has the advantages of being rapid and sensitive, having higher sensitivity, and easy to operate. The interaction between IGF1R-β and SOCS1 was tested to verify the feasibility of this method and prove its practicability and sensitivity. This new method can be used as a high-throughput platform for protein-protein interaction, with the advantages of trace detection, short detective time, and high detective sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhan Kuang
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Deng
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Xu
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianying Hu
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Cai
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixue Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhong Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiancai Liu
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Hao
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Seashore-Ludlow B, Axelsson H, Almqvist H, Dahlgren B, Jonsson M, Lundbäck T. Quantitative Interpretation of Intracellular Drug Binding and Kinetics Using the Cellular Thermal Shift Assay. Biochemistry 2018; 57:6715-6725. [PMID: 30418016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of physical interaction with the target protein is essential in the development of chemical probes and drugs. The cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) allows evaluation of drug binding in live cells but lacks a framework to support quantitative interpretations and comparisons with functional data. We outline an experimental platform for such analysis using human kinase p38α. Systematic variations to the assay's characteristic heat challenge demonstrate an apparent loss of compound potency with an increase in duration or temperature, in line with expectations from the literature for thermal shift assays. Importantly, data for five structurally diverse inhibitors can be quantitatively explained using a simple model of linked equilibria and published binding parameters. The platform further distinguishes between ligand mechanisms and allows for quantitative comparisons of drug binding affinities and kinetics in live cells and lysates. We believe this work has broad implications in the appropriate use of the CETSA for target and compound validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brinton Seashore-Ludlow
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratories , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 65 Solna , Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 65 Solna , Sweden
| | - Hanna Axelsson
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratories , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 65 Solna , Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 65 Solna , Sweden
| | - Helena Almqvist
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratories , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 65 Solna , Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 65 Solna , Sweden
| | - Björn Dahlgren
- Department of Chemistry , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Mats Jonsson
- Department of Chemistry , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Thomas Lundbäck
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratories , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 65 Solna , Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 65 Solna , Sweden.,Mechanistic Biology & Profiling, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yan ZH, Zhang W, Rollins N, Tayber O, Chen J, Wu D, Brauer P, Chouitar J, Bosse R, Yu J, Bembenek ME. An ultrasensitive assay format for detecting ULK1 inhibition by monitoring the phosphorylation status of Atg13. Anal Biochem 2016; 509:73-78. [PMID: 27387056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A new technology from Quanterix called SiMoA (single molecule array) which employs a fully automated system capable of ultrasensitive sandwich based ELISA detection was explored. Our studies focused upon the inhibition of the autophagy initiating kinase ULK1 by measuring the both total Atg13 and the phosphorylation of Atg13(pSer(318)) from control and following compound treatment in either overexpressing or wild type tissue culture samples. The results show linear protein concentration dependence over two orders of magnitude and provide an assay window of 8- to 100-fold signal to background for inhibition of phosphorylation for both wild type and overexpressed samples, respectively. Moreover, overexpressed samples displayed 17-fold pSer(318)-Atg13 above wild type levels of with no apparent differences in compound potency. Lastly, the inhibition of ULK1 from mouse derived wild type xenografts also demonstrated loss of pSer(318)-Atg13 upon ULK1 inhibitor treatment that compared favorably to Western blot. These results show that the SiMoA technology can detect quantitatively low levels of endogenous biomarkers with the ability to detect the loss of pSer(318)-Atg13 upon ULK1 inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hua Yan
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wenhai Zhang
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Neil Rollins
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Olga Tayber
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jiejin Chen
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dongyun Wu
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pam Brauer
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Johara Chouitar
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robin Bosse
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jie Yu
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jafari R, Almqvist H, Axelsson H, Ignatushchenko M, Lundbäck T, Nordlund P, Martinez Molina D. The cellular thermal shift assay for evaluating drug target interactions in cells. Nat Protoc 2014; 9:2100-22. [PMID: 25101824 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2014.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 811] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Thermal shift assays are used to study thermal stabilization of proteins upon ligand binding. Such assays have been used extensively on purified proteins in the drug discovery industry and in academia to detect interactions. Recently, we published a proof-of-principle study describing the implementation of thermal shift assays in a cellular format, which we call the cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA). The method allows studies of target engagement of drug candidates in a cellular context, herein exemplified with experimental data on the human kinases p38α and ERK1/2. The assay involves treatment of cells with a compound of interest, heating to denature and precipitate proteins, cell lysis, and the separation of cell debris and aggregates from the soluble protein fraction. Whereas unbound proteins denature and precipitate at elevated temperatures, ligand-bound proteins remain in solution. We describe two procedures for detecting the stabilized protein in the soluble fraction of the samples. One approach involves sample workup and detection using quantitative western blotting, whereas the second is performed directly in solution and relies on the induced proximity of two target-directed antibodies upon binding to soluble protein. The latter protocol has been optimized to allow an increased throughput, as potential applications require large numbers of samples. Both approaches can be completed in a day.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rozbeh Jafari
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Almqvist
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Hanna Axelsson
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Marina Ignatushchenko
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lundbäck
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Pär Nordlund
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Martinez Molina
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yan ZH, Burkhardt A, Loke HK, Chen J, Xu Q, Brauer P, Ma J, Lin Y, Garcia K, Dick LR, Bembenek ME. Quantifiable analysis of cellular pathway inhibition of a Nedd8-activating enzyme inhibitor, MLN4924, using AlphaScreen. Anal Biochem 2013; 439:109-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
7
|
Sherwood LJ, Hayhurst A. Hapten mediated display and pairing of recombinant antibodies accelerates assay assembly for biothreat countermeasures. Sci Rep 2012; 2:807. [PMID: 23150778 PMCID: PMC3495282 DOI: 10.1038/srep00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A bottle-neck in recombinant antibody sandwich immunoassay development is pairing, demanding protein purification and modification to distinguish captor from tracer. We developed a simple pairing scheme using microliter amounts of E. coli osmotic shockates bearing site-specific biotinylated antibodies and demonstrated proof of principle with a single domain antibody (sdAb) that is both captor and tracer for polyvalent Marburgvirus nucleoprotein. The system could also host pairs of different sdAb specific for the 7 botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) serotypes, enabling recognition of the cognate serotype. Inducible supE co-expression enabled sdAb populations to be propagated as either phage for more panning from repertoires or expressed as soluble sdAb for screening within a single host strain. When combined with streptavidin-g3p fusions, a novel transdisplay system was formulated to retrofit a semi-synthetic sdAb library which was mined for an anti-Ebolavirus sdAb which was immediately immunoassay ready, thereby speeding up the recombinant antibody discovery and utilization processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Sherwood
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew Hayhurst
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Wei H, Pan Q, Wang Z, Xing R, Li W, Zhang J, Ding M, Guo J, Wu L, Lu Y, Liu S. Identification and elimination of heterophilic antibody interference during antibody pair screening. Anal Biochem 2012; 430:1-3. [PMID: 22850447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
High background interference during the antibody pair screening process is inevitable. In this study, we found that the high background was associated with heterophilic antibody interference introduced by the application of ascites-derived monoclonal antibodies when conducting large-scale antibody pair screening against different proteins. To eliminate antibody-associated heterophilic antibody interference, both blocking with mouse normal sera and antigen-mediated affinity chromatography were used, resulting in significant improvement in pairing performance and in antibody pair screening efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yan ZH, Madison LL, Burkhardt A, Yu J, Tayber O, Li Z, Wu D, Loke HK, Wysong DR, Iartchouk N, Smith MD, Kuranda M, Li P, Bembenek ME. Analysis of two pharmacodynamic biomarkers using acoustic micro magnetic particles on the ViBE bioanalyzer. Anal Biochem 2011; 410:13-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|