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Su L, Gong X, Zhou J, Li H. An efficient and recyclable electroeluter: from homemade to modular design for potential mass production. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3874-3881. [PMID: 37539696 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00428g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Electrophoresis is one of the most powerful techniques to separate nucleic acids or protein molecules. The recovery of purified components from the gel is key to downstream analysis or function study. Here, we provide a cost-effective electroeluter in both homemade and module-assembled versions. The recovery yield can reach as high as >90% for single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), and protein in practical testing, which outperforms a commercial kit as well as a purchased electroeluter. It fully addresses the existing concerns in this field. First of all, for almost all kits, there remains ambiguity in recovering ssDNA to satisfy specific demands, which is generally ignored. Secondly, the recovery of dsDNA from agarose gel with consumables is vulnerable to a lot of factors and involves chemicals/materials that are not friendly to the environment and operating personnel. Thirdly, recovery from polyacrylamide matrices is very difficult, and the most exploited diffusion method through crush-and-soak suffers from low yield even after a long-time diffusion. Lastly, there is a universal problem in scaling up, especially for commercial electroeluters. The present electroelution method addresses the above issues, and it is believed that it will facilitate associated research and find widespread application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhan Su
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueting Gong
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ju Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hailong Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People's Republic of China.
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Ramos Y, Almeida A, Carpio J, Rodríguez‐Ulloa A, Perera Y, González LJ, Wiśniewski JR, Besada V. Gel electrophoresis/electroelution sorting fractionator combined with filter aided sample preparation for deep proteomic analysis. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1784-1796. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yassel Ramos
- Proteomics Group System Biology Department Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Havana Cuba
| | - Alexis Almeida
- Proteomics Group System Biology Department Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Havana Cuba
| | - Jenis Carpio
- Proteomics Group System Biology Department Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Havana Cuba
| | - Arielis Rodríguez‐Ulloa
- Proteomics Group System Biology Department Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Havana Cuba
| | - Yasser Perera
- China‐Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC) Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology Co., Ltd Hunan Province China
- Molecular Oncology Group Pharmacology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Havana Cuba
| | - Luis J. González
- Proteomics Group System Biology Department Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Havana Cuba
| | - Jacek R. Wiśniewski
- Biochemical Proteomics Group Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction Max‐Planck‐Institute of Biochemistry Martinsried Germany
| | - Vladimir Besada
- Proteomics Group System Biology Department Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Havana Cuba
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Fatima B, Javed MM. Production, purification and physicochemical characterization of D-xylose/glucose isomerase from Escherichia coli strain BL21. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:39. [PMID: 31988833 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-2036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell lysate of Escherichia coli strain BL21 showed significant D-glucose isomerase activity. The rate of glucose conversion was increased up to 40% when cells were induced with 1% D-xylose. E. coli BL21 xylose isomerase (ECXI-BL21) was purified to homogeneity, up to 1.9-fold with overall 10.88% enzyme yield by heat shock, salting out and electro-elution. The molecular mass of ECXI-BL21 was estimated as 43.9 kDa on SDS-PAGE. pHopt. and Topt. of the enzyme were calculated as 7.0 and 50 °C, respectively. Activation energy (E a) of ECXI-BL21 was 45 kJ/mol. Enzyme was stable from 30 to 55 °C and at pH range 6.0-8.0. ECXI-BL21(holo) was activated by 10 mM magnesium (35%), 0.5 mM cobalt (20%) and manganese (25%), and 0.5/10 mM Mn2+/Mg2+ (50%) and Co2+/Mg2+ (30%) as compared to ECXI-BL21(apo). Catalytic affinity (K m) of ECXI-BL21 for D-glucose was calculated as 0.82 mM, while maximum velocity (V max) of the reaction D-glucose(aldo) ⇌ D-fructose(keto) was 108 μmol/mg/min. D-fructose formed was identified on silica gel plate. This thermophilic enzyme, T m = 75 °C, has great potential for high fructose syrup production used in food and soft drink industries.
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Abstract
Protein gel electrophoresis is an important procedure carried out in protein studies. Elution and recovery of proteins separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) are often necessary for further downstream analyses. The process involves localizing the protein of interest on the gel following SDS-PAGE, eluting the protein from the gel, removing SDS from the eluted sample, and finally renaturing the protein (e.g., enzymes) for subsequent analyses. Investigators have extracted proteins from gels by a variety of techniques. These include dissolution of the gel matrix, passive diffusion, and electrophoretic elution. Proteins eluted from gels have been used successfully in a variety of downstream applications, including protein chemistry, proteolytic cleavage, determination of amino acid composition, polypeptide identification by trypsin digestion and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectroscopy, as antigens for antibody production, identifying a polypeptide corresponding to an enzyme activity, and other purposes. Protein yields ranging from nanogram levels to 100 μg have been obtained. Here, we review some of the methods that have been used to elute proteins from gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biji T Kurien
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Rachna Aggarwal
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - R Hal Scofield
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Chen JJ, Li GQ, Pratush A, Jahan S, Kong FZ, Xiao H, Fan LY, Cao CX. An innovative ring-shaped electroeluter for high concentration preparative isolation of protein from polyacrylamide gel. Anal Biochem 2017; 523:39-43. [PMID: 28137604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A ring-shaped electroeluter (RSE) was designed for protein recovery from polyacrylamide gel matrix. The RSE was designed in such a way that a ring-shaped well was used to place gel slices and an enrichment well was used to collect eluted protein samples. With HSA as model protein, the electroelution time was less than 30 min with 80% recovery rate, and the concentration of recovered protein was 50 times higher than that of conventional method. The RSE could be reused at least ten times. The developed device makes great advance towards economic electroelution of biomolecules (such as proteins) from gel matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Chen
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bioseparation, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bioseparation, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Amit Pratush
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bioseparation, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Sharmin Jahan
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bioseparation, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fan-Zhi Kong
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bioseparation, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bioseparation, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liu-Yin Fan
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bioseparation, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Cheng-Xi Cao
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bioseparation, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Reddy GS. COST-EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT APPARATUS FOR ELECTROELUTION OF MICRO- AND MACROGRAM QUANTITIES OF PROTEINS FROM POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 44:805-10. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2013.867874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Fadouloglou VE. Electroelution of nucleic acids from polyacrylamide gels: a custom-made, agarose-based electroeluter. Anal Biochem 2013; 437:49-51. [PMID: 23499972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Polyacrylamide electrophoresis is routinely used for small-scale preparative and analytical separations. The incomparably high-resolution separations achieved by this technique, however, have not been widely exploited to the large-scale preparative isolation of biological molecules from contaminants, mainly because of difficulties in the recovery of the desired molecule from the gel matrix. Electroelution is an effective procedure applied for this purpose. However, commercially available, high-cost electroeluters are required for achieving high recovery yields. Here, we describe a custom-made electroeluter that combines low-cost, high-recovery yields, short times of electroelution, and convenience in the manipulation of sensitive samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki E Fadouloglou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
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