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Ouranidis A, Vavilis T, Mandala E, Davidopoulou C, Stamoula E, Markopoulou CK, Karagianni A, Kachrimanis K. mRNA Therapeutic Modalities Design, Formulation and Manufacturing under Pharma 4.0 Principles. Biomedicines 2021; 10:50. [PMID: 35052730 PMCID: PMC8773365 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the quest for a formidable weapon against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, mRNA therapeutics have stolen the spotlight. mRNA vaccines are a prime example of the benefits of mRNA approaches towards a broad array of clinical entities and druggable targets. Amongst these benefits is the rapid cycle "from design to production" of an mRNA product compared to their peptide counterparts, the mutability of the production line should another target be chosen, the side-stepping of safety issues posed by DNA therapeutics being permanently integrated into the transfected cell's genome and the controlled precision over the translated peptides. Furthermore, mRNA applications are versatile: apart from vaccines it can be used as a replacement therapy, even to create chimeric antigen receptor T-cells or reprogram somatic cells. Still, the sudden global demand for mRNA has highlighted the shortcomings in its industrial production as well as its formulation, efficacy and applicability. Continuous, smart mRNA manufacturing 4.0 technologies have been recently proposed to address such challenges. In this work, we examine the lab and upscaled production of mRNA therapeutics, the mRNA modifications proposed that increase its efficacy and lower its immunogenicity, the vectors available for delivery and the stability considerations concerning long-term storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ouranidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theofanis Vavilis
- Laboratory of Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evdokia Mandala
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Davidopoulou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Stamoula
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Catherine K Markopoulou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Karagianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Kachrimanis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Durie D, Yeh E, McIntosh N, Fisher L, Bulman DE, Birnboim HC, Chakraborty P, Al-Dirbashi OY. Quantification of DNA in Neonatal Dried Blood Spots by Adenine Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 90:801-806. [PMID: 29190072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Newborn screening programs have expanded to include molecular-based assays as first-tier tests and the success of these assays depends on the quality and yield of DNA extracted from neonatal dried blood spots (DBS). To meet high throughput and rapid turnaround time requirements, newborn screening laboratories adopted rapid DNA extraction methods that produce crude extracts. Quantification of DNA in neonatal DBS is not routinely performed due to technical challenges; however, this may enhance the performance of assays that are sensitive to amounts of input DNA. In this study, we developed a novel high throughput method to quantify total DNA in DBS. It is based on specific acid-catalyzed depurination of DNA followed by mass spectrometric quantification of adenine. The amount of adenine was used to calculate DNA quantity per 3.2 mm DBS. Reference intervals were established using archived, neonatal DBS (n = 501) and a median of 130.6 ng of DNA per DBS was obtained, which is in agreement with literature values. The intra- and interday variations were <15%. The limits of detection and quantification were 12.5 and 37.8 nmol/L adenine, respectively. We demonstrated that DNA from neonatal DBS can be successfully quantified in high throughput settings using instruments currently deployed in NBS laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Durie
- Newborn Screening Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Ed Yeh
- Newborn Screening Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | | | | | - Dennis E Bulman
- Newborn Screening Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario K1H8M5, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.,Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario , Ottawa, Ontario K1H 5B2, Canada
| | | | - Pranesh Chakraborty
- Newborn Screening Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario K1H8M5, Canada.,Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario , Ottawa, Ontario K1H 5B2, Canada
| | - Osama Y Al-Dirbashi
- Newborn Screening Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada.,Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario , Ottawa, Ontario K1H 5B2, Canada.,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University , Al Ain, 17172, United Arab Emirates
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Foteeva L, Matczuk M, Timerbaev A. Analytical methodology for determination of interactions between metallodrugs and DNA: A critical examination. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Liang W, Xu L, Sui Z, Li Y, Li L, Wen Y, Li C, Ren S, Liu G. Quantification of plasmid DNA reference materials for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli based on UV, HR-ICP-MS and digital PCR. Chem Cent J 2016; 10:55. [PMID: 27621755 PMCID: PMC5018943 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accuracy and metrology traceability of DNA quantification is becoming a critical theme in many fields, including diagnosis, forensic analysis, microorganism detection etc. Thus the research of DNA reference materials (RMs) and consistency of DNA quantification methods has attracted considerable research interest. RESULTS In this work, we developed 3 plasmid candidate RMs, containing 3 target genes of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) and other Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC): stx1, stx2, and fliC (h7) respectively. Comprehensive investigation of the plasmid RMs was performed for their sequence, purity, homogeneity and stability, and then the concentration was quantified by three different methods: ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UV), high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) and digital PCR. As a routinely applied method for DNA analysis, UV was utilized for the quantification (OD260) and purity analysis for the plasmids. HR-ICP-MS quantified the plasmid DNA through analysing the phosphorus in DNA molecules. Digital PCR distributed the DNA samples onto a microarray chip containing thousands of reaction chambers, and quantified the DNA copy numbers by analysing the number of positive signals without any calibration curves needed. CONCLUSIONS Based on the high purification of the DNA reference materials and the optimization of dPCR analysis, we successfully achieved good consistency between UV, HR-ICP-MS and dPCR, with relative deviations lower than 10 %. We then performed the co-quantification of 3 DNA RMs with three different methods together, and the uncertainties of their concentration were evaluated. Finally, the certified values and expanded uncertainties for 3 DNA RMs (pFliC, pStx1 and pStx2) were (1.60 ± 0.10) × 10(10) copies/μL, (1.53 ± 0.10) × 10(10) copies/μL and (1.70 ± 0.11) × 10(10) copies/μL respectively.Graphical abstractWe developed 3 plasmid candidate RMs, containing 3 target genes of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) and other Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC): stx1, stx2, and fliC (h7) respectively, and the quantification of three different methods (UV, dPCR, ICP) was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liang
- Laboratory of Biometrology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, 1500 Zhang Heng Road, Shanghai, 201203 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- Laboratory of Biometrology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, 1500 Zhang Heng Road, Shanghai, 201203 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Sui
- Division of Medical and Biological Measurement, National Institute of Metrology, No.18, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Biometrology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, 1500 Zhang Heng Road, Shanghai, 201203 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lanying Li
- Laboratory of Biometrology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, 1500 Zhang Heng Road, Shanghai, 201203 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanli Wen
- Laboratory of Biometrology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, 1500 Zhang Heng Road, Shanghai, 201203 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Li
- Laboratory of Biometrology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, 1500 Zhang Heng Road, Shanghai, 201203 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Ren
- Laboratory of Biometrology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, 1500 Zhang Heng Road, Shanghai, 201203 People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- Laboratory of Biometrology, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, 1500 Zhang Heng Road, Shanghai, 201203 People’s Republic of China
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Studzińska S, Mounicou S, Szpunar J, Łobiński R, Buszewski B. New approach to the determination phosphorothioate oligonucleotides by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 855:13-20. [PMID: 25542085 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This text presents a novel method for the separation and detection of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides with the use of ion pair ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry The research showed that hexafluoroisopropanol/triethylamine based mobile phases may be successfully used when liquid chromatography is coupled with such elemental detection. However, the concentration of both HFIP and TEA influences the final result. The lower concentration of HFIP, the lower the background in ICP-MS and the greater the sensitivity. The method applied for the analysis of serum samples was based on high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Utilization of this method allows determination of fifty times lower quantity of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides than in the case of quadrupole mass analyzer. Monitoring of (31)P may be used to quantify these compounds at the level of 80 μg L(-1), while simultaneous determination of sulfur is very useful for qualitative analysis. Moreover, the results presented in this paper demonstrate the practical applicability of coupling LC with ICP-MS in determining phosphorothioate oligonucleotides and their metabolites in serum within 7 min with a very good sensitivity. The method was linear in the concentration range between 0.2 and 3 mg L(-1). The limit of detection was in the range of 0.07 and 0.13 mg L(-1). Accuracy varied with concentration, but was in the range of 3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Studzińska
- Chair of the Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin St., PL-87 100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Sandra Mounicou
- CNRS/UPPA, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-inorganique et Environnement, UMR 5254, Hélioparc, 2 av. Pr. Angot, F-64053 Pau, France
| | - Joanna Szpunar
- CNRS/UPPA, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-inorganique et Environnement, UMR 5254, Hélioparc, 2 av. Pr. Angot, F-64053 Pau, France
| | - Ryszard Łobiński
- CNRS/UPPA, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-inorganique et Environnement, UMR 5254, Hélioparc, 2 av. Pr. Angot, F-64053 Pau, France
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Chair of the Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin St., PL-87 100 Torun, Poland
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