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Fansher D, Besna JN, Fendri A, Pelletier JN. Choose Your Own Adventure: A Comprehensive Database of Reactions Catalyzed by Cytochrome P450 BM3 Variants. ACS Catal 2024; 14:5560-5592. [PMID: 38660610 PMCID: PMC11036407 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 BM3 monooxygenase is the topic of extensive research as many researchers have evolved this enzyme to generate a variety of products. However, the abundance of information on increasingly diversified variants of P450 BM3 that catalyze a broad array of chemistry is not in a format that enables easy extraction and interpretation. We present a database that categorizes variants by their catalyzed reactions and includes details about substrates to provide reaction context. This database of >1500 P450 BM3 variants is downloadable and machine-readable and includes instructions to maximize ease of gathering information. The database allows rapid identification of commonly reported substitutions, aiding researchers who are unfamiliar with the enzyme in identifying starting points for enzyme engineering. For those actively engaged in engineering P450 BM3, the database, along with this review, provides a powerful and user-friendly platform to understand, predict, and identify the attributes of P450 BM3 variants, encouraging the further engineering of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas
J. Fansher
- Chemistry
Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering,
and Applications, 201
Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3Y7
- CGCC,
Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
| | - Jonathan N. Besna
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering,
and Applications, 201
Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3Y7
- CGCC,
Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
| | - Ali Fendri
- Chemistry
Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering,
and Applications, 201
Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3Y7
- CGCC,
Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
| | - Joelle N. Pelletier
- Chemistry
Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering,
and Applications, 201
Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 3Y7
- CGCC,
Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montreal, QC, Canada H2V 0B3
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
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2
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Gallus S, Mittmann E, Rabe KS. A Modular System for the Rapid Comparison of Different Membrane Anchors for Surface Display on Escherichia coli. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100472. [PMID: 34767678 PMCID: PMC9298812 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Comparison of different membrane anchor motifs for the surface display of a protein of interest (passenger) is crucial for achieving the best possible performance. However, generating genetic fusions of the passenger to various membrane anchors is time-consuming. We herein employ a recently developed modular display system, in which the membrane anchor and the passenger are expressed separately and assembled in situ via SpyCatcher and SpyTag interaction, to readily combine a model passenger cytochrome P450 BM3 (BM3) with four different membrane anchors (Lpp-OmpA, PgsA, INP and AIDA-I). This approach has the significant advantage that passengers and membrane anchors can be freely combined in a modular fashion without the need to generate direct genetic fusion constructs in each case. We demonstrate that the membrane anchors impact not only cell growth and membrane integrity, but also the BM3 surface display capacity and whole-cell biocatalytic activity. The previously used Lpp-OmpA as well as PgsA were found to be efficient for the display of BM3 via SpyCatcher/SpyTag interaction. Our strategy can be transferred to other user-defined anchor and passenger combinations and could thus be used for acceleration and improvement of various applications involving cell surface display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Gallus
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces 1 (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Esther Mittmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces 1 (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kersten S Rabe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces 1 (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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3
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Gallus S, Peschke T, Paulsen M, Burgahn T, Niemeyer CM, Rabe KS. Surface Display of Complex Enzymes by in Situ SpyCatcher-SpyTag Interaction. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2126-2131. [PMID: 32182402 PMCID: PMC7497234 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The display of complex proteins on the surface of cells is of great importance for protein engineering and other fields of biotechnology. Herein, we describe a modular approach, in which the membrane anchor protein Lpp-OmpA and a protein of interest (passenger) are expressed independently as genetically fused SpyCatcher and SpyTag units and assembled in situ by post-translational coupling. Using fluorescent proteins, we first demonstrate that this strategy allows the construct to be installed on the surface of E. coli cells. The scope of our approach was then demonstrated by using three different functional enzymes, the stereoselective ketoreductase Gre2p, the homotetrameric glucose 1-dehydrogenase GDH, and the bulky heme- and diflavin-containing cytochrome P450 BM3 (BM3). In all cases, the SpyCatcher-SpyTag method enabled the generation of functional whole-cell biocatalysts, even for the bulky BM3, which could not be displayed by conventional fusion with Lpp-OmpA. Furthermore, by using a GDH variant carrying an internal SpyTag, the system could be used to display an enzyme with unmodified N- and C-termini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Gallus
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for Biological Interfaces 1 (IBG 1)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Theo Peschke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for Biological Interfaces 1 (IBG 1)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Novartis Pharma AG Chemical and Analytical Development (CHAD)4056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Malte Paulsen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Flow Cytometry Core FacilityMeyerhofstraße 169117HeidelbergGermany).
| | - Teresa Burgahn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for Biological Interfaces 1 (IBG 1)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for Biological Interfaces 1 (IBG 1)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Kersten S. Rabe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for Biological Interfaces 1 (IBG 1)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
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4
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Wang XD, Rabe KS, Ahmed I, Niemeyer CM. Multifunctional Silica Nanoparticles for Covalent Immobilization of Highly Sensitive Proteins. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:7945-50. [PMID: 26572079 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A convenient reverse micellar one-pot reaction yields multifunctional silica nanoparticles, which can be tailored to effectively suppress non-specific adsorption and, at the same time, enable efficient specific covalent immobilization of proteins. Using two highly sensitive proteins, it is demonstrated that the new particles provide a suitable microenvironment to maintain the protein's activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Wang
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kersten S Rabe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof M Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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5
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Reinen J, van Hemert D, Vermeulen NPE, Commandeur JNM. Application of a Continuous-Flow Bioassay to Investigate the Organic Solvent Tolerability of Cytochrome P450 BM3 Mutants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:1246-55. [PMID: 26396180 DOI: 10.1177/1087057115607183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel methodology is presented to investigate the organic solvent tolerability of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase BM3 (CYP BM3) mutants. A fluorescence-based continuous-flow enzyme activity detection (EAD) setup was used to screen the activity of CYP BM3 mutants in the presence of organic solvents. The methodology is based on the CYP BM3-mediated O-dealkylation of benzyloxyresorufin to form the highly fluorescent product resorufin. The assay setup not only allows detection of the formed resorufin, but it also simultaneously monitors cofactor depletion online. The EAD setup was used to test the activity of a small library of novel CYP BM3 mutants in flow-injection analysis mode in the presence of the organic modifiers methanol, acetonitrile, and isopropanol. Mutants with enhanced tolerability toward all three solvents were identified, and the EAD setup was adapted to facilitate CYP BM3 activity screening against a gradient of an organic modifier to study the behavior of the small library of CYP BM3 mutants in more detail. The simple methodology used in this study was shown to be a very powerful tool to screen for novel CYP BM3 mutants with increased tolerability toward organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Reinen
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel van Hemert
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nico P E Vermeulen
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N M Commandeur
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Ritter C, Nett N, Acevedo‐Rocha CG, Lonsdale R, Kräling K, Dempwolff F, Hoebenreich S, Graumann PL, Reetz MT, Meggers E. Bioorthogonale enzymatische Aktivierung maskierter Verbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Ritter
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4, 35043 Marburg (Deutschland)
| | - Nathalie Nett
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4, 35043 Marburg (Deutschland)
| | - Carlos G. Acevedo‐Rocha
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4, 35043 Marburg (Deutschland)
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser‐Wilhelm‐Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr (Deutschland)
- LOEWE‐Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie (SYNMIKRO), Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße, 35043 Marburg (Deutschland)
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für terrestrische Mikrobiologie, Karl‐von‐Frisch‐Straße 10, 35043 Marburg (Deutschland)
| | - Richard Lonsdale
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4, 35043 Marburg (Deutschland)
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser‐Wilhelm‐Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr (Deutschland)
| | - Katja Kräling
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4, 35043 Marburg (Deutschland)
| | - Felix Dempwolff
- LOEWE‐Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie (SYNMIKRO), Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße, 35043 Marburg (Deutschland)
| | - Sabrina Hoebenreich
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4, 35043 Marburg (Deutschland)
| | - Peter L. Graumann
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4, 35043 Marburg (Deutschland)
- LOEWE‐Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie (SYNMIKRO), Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße, 35043 Marburg (Deutschland)
| | - Manfred T. Reetz
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4, 35043 Marburg (Deutschland)
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser‐Wilhelm‐Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr (Deutschland)
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4, 35043 Marburg (Deutschland)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005 (China)
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7
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Ritter C, Nett N, Acevedo-Rocha CG, Lonsdale R, Kräling K, Dempwolff F, Hoebenreich S, Graumann PL, Reetz MT, Meggers E. Bioorthogonal Enzymatic Activation of Caged Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13440-3. [PMID: 26356324 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Engineered cytochrome P450 monooxygenase variants are reported as highly active and selective catalysts for the bioorthogonal uncaging of propargylic and benzylic ether protected substrates, including uncaging in living E. coli. observed selectivity is supported by induced-fit docking and molecular dynamics simulations. This proof-of-principle study points towards the utility of bioorthogonal enzyme/protecting group pairs for applications in the life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Ritter
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg (Germany)
| | - Nathalie Nett
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg (Germany)
| | - Carlos G Acevedo-Rocha
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg (Germany).,Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr (Germany).,LOEWE Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie (SYNMIKRO), Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35043 Marburg (Germany).,Max-Planck-Institut für terrestrische Mikrobiologie, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 10, 35043 Marburg (Germany)
| | - Richard Lonsdale
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg (Germany).,Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr (Germany)
| | - Katja Kräling
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg (Germany)
| | - Felix Dempwolff
- LOEWE Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie (SYNMIKRO), Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35043 Marburg (Germany)
| | - Sabrina Hoebenreich
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg (Germany)
| | - Peter L Graumann
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg (Germany).,LOEWE Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie (SYNMIKRO), Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35043 Marburg (Germany)
| | - Manfred T Reetz
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg (Germany). .,Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr (Germany).
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg (Germany). .,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005 (P. R. China).
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Liebl W, Angelov A, Juergensen J, Chow J, Loeschcke A, Drepper T, Classen T, Pietruszka J, Ehrenreich A, Streit WR, Jaeger KE. Alternative hosts for functional (meta)genome analysis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:8099-109. [PMID: 25091044 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms are ubiquitous on earth, often forming complex microbial communities in numerous different habitats. Most of these organisms cannot be readily cultivated in the laboratory using standard media and growth conditions. However, it is possible to gain access to the vast genetic, enzymatic, and metabolic diversity present in these microbial communities using cultivation-independent approaches such as sequence- or function-based metagenomics. Function-based analysis is dependent on heterologous expression of metagenomic libraries in a genetically amenable cloning and expression host. To date, Escherichia coli is used in most cases; however, this has the drawback that many genes from heterologous genomes and complex metagenomes are expressed in E. coli either at very low levels or not at all. This review emphasizes the importance of establishing alternative microbial expression systems consisting of different genera and species as well as customized strains and vectors optimized for heterologous expression of membrane proteins, multigene clusters encoding protein complexes or entire metabolic pathways. The use of alternative host-vector systems will complement current metagenomic screening efforts and expand the yield of novel biocatalysts, metabolic pathways, and useful metabolites to be identified from environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Liebl
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85654, Freising, Germany,
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