1
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Omidfar K, Kashanian S. A mini review on recent progress of microfluidic systems for antibody development. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:323-331. [PMID: 38932846 PMCID: PMC11196548 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-024-01386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Antibody is specific reagent that be utilized in various field of biomedical research. Monoclonal antibodies are mostly produced using two common techniques namely hybridoma and antibody engineering, which suffer from some limitations such as boring screening procedures, long production time, low efficacy and a degree of automation. To address these limitations, various microfluidics techniques have been developed for the antibody isolation and screening. Methods This study specifically investigates nearly recent reports published in peer-reviewed journals indexed in various databases including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Results In this study, we identified a total of seventy papers from a pool of 130 articles. These papers focus on the application of three major groups of microfluidic platforms, namely valves, microwells, and droplets, in the development of antibodies using hybridoma method and phage display technology. We provide a summary of these applications and also discuss the key findings in this field. Additionally, we illustrate our discussion with several examples to enhance understanding. Conclusions Microfluidics has the potential to serve as a valuable tool in streamlining complex laboratory procedures involved in antibody discovery. However, it is important to note that microfluidics is limited to laboratory settings. Further enhancements are needed to address existing challenges and to make microfluidics a reliable, accurate, and cost-effective tool for antibody discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Omidfar
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular–Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14395/1179, Tehran, IR Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sohiela Kashanian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, 6714414971 Iran
- Nanobiotechnology Department, Faculty of Innovative Science and Technology, Razi University, Kermanshah, 6714414971 Iran
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2
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Wang S, Wang Y, Li Z, Hong Y, Wang Z, Fan J, Wang Q, Ge Y, Zhao X, Cheng G, Chen C, Wu Y, Fu Y. Early determination of potential critical quality attributes of therapeutic antibodies in developability studies through surface plasmon resonance-based relative binding activity assessment. MAbs 2024; 16:2374607. [PMID: 38956880 PMCID: PMC11225922 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2024.2374607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Precise measurement of the binding activity changes of therapeutic antibodies is important to determine the potential critical quality attributes (CQAs) in developability assessment at the early stage of antibody development. Here, we report a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based relative binding activity method, which incorporates both binding affinity and binding response and allows us to determine relative binding activity of antibodies with high accuracy and precision. We applied the SPR-based relative binding activity method in multiple forced degradation studies of antibody developability assessment. The current developability assessment strategy provided comprehensive, precise characterization of antibody binding activity in the stability studies, enabling us to perform correlation analysis and establish the structure-function relationship between relative binding activity and quality attributes. The impact of a given quality attribute on binding activity could be confidently determined without isolating antibody variants. We identified several potential CQAs, including Asp isomerization, Asn deamidation, and fragmentation. Some potential CQAs affected binding affinity of antibody and resulted in a reduction of binding activity. Certain potential CQAs impaired antibody binding to antigen and led to a loss of binding activity. A few potential CQAs could influence both binding affinity and binding response and cause a substantial decrease in antibody binding activity. Specifically, we identified low abundance Asn33 deamidation in the light chain complementarity-determining region as a potential CQA, in which all the stressed antibody samples showed Asn33 deamidation abundances ranging from 4.2% to 27.5% and a mild binding affinity change from 1.76 nM to 2.16 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
- Biopharmaceutical Discovery, Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
- Biopharmaceutical Discovery, Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
- Biopharmaceutical Discovery, Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
- Biopharmaceutical Discovery, Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
- Biopharmaceutical Discovery, Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jiteng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
- Biopharmaceutical Discovery, Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
- Biopharmaceutical Discovery, Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjie Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
- Biopharmaceutical Discovery, Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
- Extracorporeal Pharmacology, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Guangcun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
- Biopharmaceutical Discovery, Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Changyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
- Biopharmaceutical Discovery, Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yadan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
- Biopharmaceutical Discovery, Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yayuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
- Biopharmaceutical Discovery, Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
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3
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Brady T, Cayatte C, Roe TL, Speer SD, Ji H, Machiesky L, Zhang T, Wilkins D, Tuffy KM, Kelly EJ. Fc-mediated functions of nirsevimab complement direct respiratory syncytial virus neutralization but are not required for optimal prophylactic protection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1283120. [PMID: 37901217 PMCID: PMC10600457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1283120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nirsevimab is an extended half-life (M252Y/S254T/T256E [YTE]-modified) monoclonal antibody to the pre-fusion conformation of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Fusion protein, with established efficacy in preventing RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection in infants for the duration of a typical RSV season. Previous studies suggest that nirsevimab confers protection via direct virus neutralization. Here we use preclinical models to explore whether fragment crystallizable (Fc)-mediated effector functions contribute to nirsevimab-mediated protection. Methods Nirsevimab, MEDI8897* (i.e., nirsevimab without the YTE modification), and MEDI8897*-TM (i.e., MEDI8897* without Fc effector functions) binding to Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) was evaluated using surface plasmon resonance. Antibody-dependent neutrophil phagocytosis (ADNP), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), antibody-dependent complement deposition (ADCD), and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) were assessed through in vitro and ex vivo serological analyses. A cotton rat challenge study was performed with MEDI8897* and MEDI8897*-TM to explore whether Fc effector functions contribute to protection from RSV. Results Nirsevimab and MEDI8897* exhibited binding to a range of FcγRs, with expected reductions in FcγR binding affinities observed for MEDI8897*-TM. Nirsevimab exhibited in vitro ADNP, ADCP, ADCD, and ADCC activity above background levels, and similar ADNP, ADCP, and ADCD activity to palivizumab. Nirsevimab administration increased ex vivo ADNP, ADCP, and ADCD activity in participant serum from the MELODY study (NCT03979313). However, ADCC levels remained similar between nirsevimab and placebo. MEDI8897* and MEDI8897*-TM exhibited similar dose-dependent reduction in lung and nasal turbinate RSV titers in the cotton rat model. Conclusion Nirsevimab possesses Fc effector activity comparable with the current standard of care, palivizumab. However, despite possessing the capacity for Fc effector activity, data from RSV challenge experiments illustrate that nirsevimab-mediated protection is primarily dependent on direct virus neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Brady
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Corinne Cayatte
- Early Oncology ICA, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Tiffany L. Roe
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Scott D. Speer
- Virology and Vaccine Discovery, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Hong Ji
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - LeeAnn Machiesky
- Process and Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Tianhui Zhang
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Deidre Wilkins
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Kevin M. Tuffy
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Elizabeth J. Kelly
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
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Dégardin M, Gaudreault J, Oliverio R, Serafin B, Forest-Nault C, Liberelle B, De Crescenzo G. Grafting Strategies of Oxidation-Prone Coiled-Coil Peptides for Protein Capture in Bioassays: Impact of Orientation and the Oxidation State. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:28301-28313. [PMID: 37576632 PMCID: PMC10413464 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Many biomedical and biosensing applications require functionalization of surfaces with proteins. To this end, the E/K coiled-coil peptide heterodimeric system has been shown to be advantageous. First, Kcoil peptides are covalently grafted onto a given surface. Ecoil-tagged proteins can then be non-covalently captured via a specific interaction with their Kcoil partners. Previously, oriented Kcoil grafting was achieved via thiol coupling, using a unique Kcoil with a terminal cysteine residue. However, cysteine-terminated Kcoil peptides are hard to produce, purify, and oxidize during storage. Indeed, they tend to homodimerize and form disulfide bonds via oxidation of their terminal thiol group, making it impossible to later graft them on thiol-reactive surfaces. Kcoil peptides also contain multiple free amine groups, available for covalent coupling through carbodiimide chemistry. Grafting Kcoil peptides on surfaces via amine coupling would thus guarantee their immobilization regardless of their terminal cysteine's oxidation state, at the expense of the control over their orientation. In this work, we compare Kcoil grafting strategies for the subsequent capture of Ecoil-tagged proteins, for applications such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensing and cell culture onto protein-decorated substrates. We compare the "classic" thiol coupling of cysteine-terminated Kcoil peptides to the amine coupling of (i) monomeric Kcoil and (ii) dimeric Kcoil-Kcoil linked by a disulfide bond. We have observed that SPR biosensing performances relying on captured Ecoil-tagged proteins were similar for amine-coupled dimeric Kcoil-Kcoil and thiol-coupled Kcoil peptides, at the expense of higher Ecoil-tagged protein consumption. For cell culture applications, Ecoil-tagged growth factors captured on amine-coupled monomeric Kcoil signaled through cell receptors similarly to those captured on thiol-coupled Kcoil peptides. Altogether, while oriented thiol coupling of cysteine-terminated Kcoil peptides remains the most reliable and versatile platform for Ecoil-tagged protein capture, amine coupling of Kcoil peptides, either monomeric or dimerized through a cysteine bond, can offer a good alternative when the challenges and costs associated with the production of monomeric cysteine-tagged Kcoil are too dissuasive for the application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Médéric Dégardin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal H3T 1J4, Québec, Canada
| | - Jimmy Gaudreault
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal H3T 1J4, Québec, Canada
| | - Romane Oliverio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal H3T 1J4, Québec, Canada
| | - Benjamin Serafin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal H3T 1J4, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine Forest-Nault
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal H3T 1J4, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoit Liberelle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal H3T 1J4, Québec, Canada
| | - Gregory De Crescenzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal H3T 1J4, Québec, Canada
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Lietz CB, Deyanova E, Cho Y, Cordia J, Franc S, Kabro S, Wang S, Mikolon D, Banks DD. Identification of tyrosine sulfation in the variable region of a bispecific antibody and its effect on stability and biological activity. MAbs 2023; 15:2259289. [PMID: 37742207 PMCID: PMC10519368 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2259289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite tyrosine sulfation being a relatively common post-translational modification (PTM) on the secreted proteins of higher eukaryotic organisms, there have been surprisingly few reports of this modification occurring in recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) expressed by mammalian cell lines and even less information regarding its potential impact on mAb efficacy and stability. This discrepancy is likely due to the extreme lability of this modification using many of the mass spectrometry methods typically used within the biopharmaceutical industry for PTM identification, as well as the possible misidentification as phosphorylation. Here, we identified sulfation on a single tyrosine residue located within the identical variable region sequence of a 2 + 1 bispecific mAbs heavy and heavy-heavy chains using a multi-enzymatic approach in combination with mass spectrometry analysis and examined its impact on binding, efficacy, and physical stability. Unlike previous reports, we found that tyrosine sulfation modestly decreased the mAb cell binding and T cell-mediated killing, primarily by increasing the rate of antigen disassociation as determined from surface plasmon resonance-binding experiments. We also found that, while this acidic modification had no significant impact on the mAb thermal stability, sulfation did modestly increase its rate of aggregation, presumably by lowering the mAb's colloidal stability as indicated by polyethylene glycol induced liquid-liquid phase separation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Lietz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization - DMPK, Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ekaterina Deyanova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization - DPAS, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | - Younhee Cho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization - DPAS, Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jon Cordia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization - DPAS, Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Franc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization - DPAS, Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sally Kabro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization - DPAS, Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Steven Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization - DPAS, Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David Mikolon
- Department of Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Douglas D. Banks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization - DPAS, Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, CA, USA
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6
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Narvekar A, Puranik A, Kulkarni B, Jagtap D, Jain R, Dandekar P. FcγRIIIA affinity chromatography complements conventional functional characterization of rituximab. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3304. [PMID: 36181372 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Analytical and functional characterization of batches of biologics/biosimilar products are imperative towards qualifying them for pre-clinical and clinical investigations. Several orthogonal strategies are employed to characterize the functional attributes of these drugs. However, the use of conventional techniques for online monitoring of functional attributes is not feasible. Liquid chromatography is one of the crucial unit operations during the downstream processing of biopharmaceuticals. In this work, we have demonstrated the utility of FcγRIIIA affinity chromatography as an independent quantitative functional characterization tool. FcγRIIIA affinity chromatography aided in sequential elution of Rituximab glycoform mixtures, based on varying levels of galactosylation, and thereby the affinity for the receptor protein. The predominant glycans present in the three Rituximab glycoform mixture peaks were G0F, G1F, and G2F, respectively. Dissociation rate constants were derived from the chromatographic elution profiles by the peak profiling method, for the control and glucose stress conditions. The glucose stress conditions did not result in unfavorable binding kinetics of Rituximab and FcγRIIIA. The dissociation rate constants of the glycoform mixture 2, predominantly consisting of G1F, were similar to the dissociation rate constants obtained by surface plasmon resonance. Moreover, the glycosylation profiles obtained from chromatographic estimation can be corroborated with the ADCC activity. However, the ex vivo ADCC reporter assay indicated that there was an increase in the effector activity with increasing glucose stress. Thus, FcγRIIIA affinity chromatography permitted three independent assessments via a single analysis. Such approaches can be utilized as potential process analytical technology (PAT) tools in the biosimilar development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Narvekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Amita Puranik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Bhalchandra Kulkarni
- Division of Structural Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Dhanashree Jagtap
- Division of Structural Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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7
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Capkin E, Kurt H, Gurel B, Bicak D, Akgun Bas S, Daglikoca DE, Yuce M. Characterization of FcγRIa (CD64) as a Ligand Molecule for Site-Specific IgG1 Capture: A Side-By-Side Comparison with Protein A. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14623-14634. [PMID: 36416530 PMCID: PMC9730901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) are one of the structures that can initiate effector function for monoclonal antibodies. FcγRIa has the highest affinity toward IgG1-type monoclonal antibodies among all FcγRs. In this study, a comprehensive characterization was performed for FcγRIa as a potential affinity ligand for IgG1-type monoclonal antibody binding. The binding interactions were assessed with the SPR technique using different immobilization techniques such as EDC-NHS coupling, streptavidin-biotin interaction, and His-tagged FcγRIa capture. The His-tagged FcγRIa capture was the most convenient method based on assay repeatability. Next, a crude IgG1 sample and its fractions with different monomer contents obtained from protein A affinity chromatography were used to evaluate FcγRIa protein in terms of monoclonal antibody binding capacity. The samples were also compared with a protein A-immobilized chip (a frequently used affinity ligand) for IgG1 binding responses. The antibody binding capacity of the protein A-immobilized chip surface was significantly better than that of the FcγRIa-immobilized chip surface due to its 5 Ig binding domains. The antibody binding responses changed similarly with protein A depending on the monomer content of the sample. Finally, a different configuration was used to assess the binding affinity of free FcγRs (FcγRIa, FcγRIIa, and FcγRIIIa) to three different immobilized IgGs by immobilizing protein L to the chip surface. Unlike previous immobilization techniques tested where the FcγRIa was utilized as a ligand, nonimmobilized or free FcγRIa resulted in a significantly higher antibody binding response than free protein A. In this configuration, kinetics data of FcγRI revealed that the association rate (ka 50-80 × 105 M-1 s-1) increased in comparison to His capture method (1.9-2.4 × 105 M-1 s-1). In addition, the dissociation rate (kd 10-5 s-1) seemed slower over the His capture method (10-4 s-1) and provided stability on the chip surface during the dissociation phase. The KD values for FcγRIa were found in the picomolar range (2.1-10.33 pM from steady-state affinity analysis and 37.5-46.2 pM from kinetic analysis) for IgG1-type antibodies. FcγRIa possesses comparable ligand potential as well as protein A. Even though the protein A-immobilized surface bound more antibodies than the FcγRIa-captured surface, FcγRIa presented a significant antibody binding capacity in protein L configuration. The results suggest FcγRIa protein as a potential ligand for site-oriented immobilization of IgG1-type monoclonal antibodies, and it needs further performance investigation on different surfaces and interfaces for applications such as sensing and antibody purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Capkin
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Kurt
- School
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul
Medipol University, Beykoz 34810, Istanbul, Turkey
- SABITA
Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz 34810, Istanbul, Turkey
- Nanosolar
Plasmonics Ltd., Gebze 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Busra Gurel
- SUNUM
Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilan Bicak
- ILKO ARGEM
Biotechnology R&D Center, Pendik 34906, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Akgun Bas
- ILKO ARGEM
Biotechnology R&D Center, Pendik 34906, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Meral Yuce
- SUNUM
Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
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8
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Wang W, Thiemann S, Chen Q. Utility of SPR technology in biotherapeutic development: Qualification for intended use. Anal Biochem 2022; 654:114804. [PMID: 35839915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis provides important binding characteristic information for an antibody to its binding partner, such as binding specificity and affinity (KD). In recent years, SPR has been increasingly used in biosimilar development as part of the comparative analytical similarity assessment. Although there is no systematic study describing how to qualify SPR assays, there are various SPR result types (outputs) that have been used for assay qualification in publicly available regulatory documents. The mixed usage of SPR output can cause confusion and can be misleading when comparing binding attributes among antibody molecules. In this report, using a recombinant huIgG1 (mAb 1) antibody as an example, we performed assay qualification strictly based on the nature of the biomolecular interaction. We recommend that KD should be used as the output of assay qualification when the KD can be measured accurately by SPR. When KD cannot be accurately determined in a SPR setting, sensorgram comparison and Parallel Line Analysis (PLA) can be used to qualify the assay. We emphasize the importance of setting up appropriate SPR assay conditions for target and/or Fc receptor interactions to ensure the assay qualification parameters, such as accuracy and repeatability, to meet the criteria acceptable for regulatory filings. With increasing numbers of biotherapeutics being developed, the methods and guidelines provided here can help to align SPR application between the drug development industry and regulatory authorities which will benefit the scientific communities involved in biotherapeutic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA.
| | - Sandra Thiemann
- Biosimilar Business Unit, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA.
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9
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Sun H, Hu N, Wang J. Application of Microfluidic Technology in Antibody Screening. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100623. [PMID: 35481726 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Specific antibodies are widely used in the biomedical field. Current screening methods for specific antibodies mainly involve hybridoma technology and antibody engineering techniques. However, these technologies suffer from tedious screening processes, long preparation periods, high costs, low efficiency, and a degree of automation, which have become a bottleneck for the screening of specific antibodies. To overcome these difficulties, microfluidics has been developed as a promising technology for high-throughput screening and high purity of antibody. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advances in microfluidic applications for specific antibody screening. In particular, hybridoma technology and four antibody engineering techniques (including phage display, single B cell antibody screening, antibody expression, and cell-free protein synthesis) based on microfluidics have been introduced, challenges, and the future outlook of these technologies are also discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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10
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On the Use of Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Biosensors for Advanced Bioprocess Monitoring. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9111996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomanufacturers are being incited by regulatory agencies to transition from a quality by testing framework, where they extensively test their product after their production, to more of a quality by design or even quality by control framework. This requires powerful analytical tools and sensors enabling measurements of key process variables and/or product quality attributes during production, preferably in an online manner. As such, the demand for monitoring technologies is rapidly growing. In this context, we believe surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensors can play a role in enabling the development of improved bioprocess monitoring and control strategies. The SPR technique has been profusely used to probe the binding behavior of a solution species with a sensor surface-immobilized partner in an investigative context, but its ability to detect binding in real-time and without a label has been exploited for monitoring purposes and is promising for the near future. In this review, we examine applications of SPR that are or could be related to bioprocess monitoring in three spheres: biotherapeutics production monitoring, vaccine monitoring, and bacteria and contaminant detection. These applications mainly exploit SPR’s ability to measure solution species concentrations, but performing kinetic analyses is also possible and could prove useful for product quality assessments. We follow with a discussion on the limitations of SPR in a monitoring role and how recent advances in hardware and SPR response modeling could counter them. Mainly, throughput limitations can be addressed by multi-detection spot instruments, and nonspecific binding effects can be alleviated by new antifouling materials. A plethora of methods are available for cell growth and metabolism monitoring, but product monitoring is performed mainly a posteriori. SPR-based biosensors exhibit potential as product monitoring tools from early production to the end of downstream processing, paving the way for more efficient production control. However, more work needs to be done to facilitate or eliminate the need for sample preprocessing and to optimize the experimental protocols.
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11
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Antigen improves binding of IgGs to FcγRs in SPR analysis. Anal Biochem 2021; 640:114411. [PMID: 34648807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
FcγR binding characterization is one of the critical attributes during the development of therapeutic antibodies. Here, we report a novel assay format to characterize IgG-FcγR interaction in the presence of antigen using Surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The new assay format was developed by creating stable antigen/antibody immunocomplexes on a sensor chip surface before injection of FcγRs. In this assay format, binding activity of both huIgG1 (including IgG1 Fc fusion Protein) and huIgG2 increased significantly to most activating human FcγRs, especially to FcγRI, FcγRIIa-131H and FcγRIIIa-158F. To our knowledge, this study provides the first set of evidence using a biophysical method to demonstrate antigen binding facilitating IgG-FcγR interaction, especially for huIgG2 where previous studies did not indicate its binding to human FcγRI or FcγRIIIa-158F. Although further studies are needed to investigate the correlation of the binding data with effector function data in vivo, our results suggest that it may be useful to evaluate the IgG-FcγR interaction in the presence of antigen to help design safer and more effective biotherapeutics.
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12
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On the Use of Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensing to Understand IgG-FcγR Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126616. [PMID: 34205578 PMCID: PMC8235063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based optical biosensors offer real-time and label-free analysis of protein interactions, which has extensively contributed to the discovery and development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). As the biopharmaceutical market for these biologics and their biosimilars is rapidly growing, the role of SPR biosensors in drug discovery and quality assessment is becoming increasingly prominent. One of the critical quality attributes of mAbs is the N-glycosylation of their Fc region. Other than providing stability to the antibody, the Fc N-glycosylation influences immunoglobulin G (IgG) interactions with the Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), modulating the immune response. Over the past two decades, several studies have relied on SPR-based assays to characterize the influence of N-glycosylation upon the IgG-FcγR interactions. While these studies have unveiled key information, many conclusions are still debated in the literature. These discrepancies can be, in part, attributed to the design of the reported SPR-based assays as well as the methodology applied to SPR data analysis. In fact, the SPR biosensor best practices have evolved over the years, and several biases have been pointed out in the development of experimental SPR protocols. In parallel, newly developed algorithms and data analysis methods now allow taking into consideration complex biomolecular kinetics. In this review, we detail the use of different SPR biosensing approaches for characterizing the IgG-FcγR interactions, highlighting their merit and inherent experimental complexity. Furthermore, we review the latest SPR-derived conclusions on the influence of the N-glycosylation upon the IgG-FcγR interactions and underline the differences and similarities across the literature. Finally, we explore new avenues taking advantage of novel computational analysis of SPR results as well as the latest strategies to control the glycoprofile of mAbs during production, which could lead to a better understanding and modelling of the IgG-FcγRs interactions.
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Reslan M, Sifniotis V, Cruz E, Sumer-Bayraktar Z, Cordwell S, Kayser V. Enhancing the stability of adalimumab by engineering additional glycosylation motifs. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:189-196. [PMID: 32360204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are of high value in the diagnostic and treatment of many debilitating diseases such as cancers, auto-immune disorders and infections. Unfortunately, protein aggregation is one of the ongoing challenges, limiting the development and application of mAbs as therapeutic products by decreasing half-life, increasing immunogenicity and reducing activity. We engineered an aggregation-prone region of adalimumab, the top selling mAb product worldwide - with additional glycosylation sites to enhance its resistance to aggregation by steric hindrance as a next generation biologic. We found that the addition of N-glycans in the Fab domain significantly enhanced its conformational stability, with some variants increasing the melting temperature of the Fab domain by >6 °C. The mutations tested had minimal impact on antigen binding affinity, or affinity to Fcγ receptors responsible for effector function. Our findings highlight the significant utility of this rational engineering approach for enhancing the conformational stability of therapeutic mAbs and other next-generation antibody formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhamad Reslan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Vicki Sifniotis
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Esteban Cruz
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Zeynep Sumer-Bayraktar
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Stuart Cordwell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Veysel Kayser
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Cambay F, Forest-Nault C, Dumoulin L, Seguin A, Henry O, Durocher Y, De Crescenzo G. Glycosylation of Fcγ receptors influences their interaction with various IgG1 glycoforms. Mol Immunol 2020; 121:144-158. [PMID: 32222585 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies belong to the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) family; they interact with the Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) at the surface of immune cells to trigger effector functions. The IgG1-Fc N-glycans impact the interaction with FcγRs and are considered a critical quality attribute. Pioneer studies on FcγR N-glycans have unveiled an additional complexity in that the N-glycan linked on the Asn-162 of FcγRIIIa was shown to be directly involved in the strong affinity for afucosylated IgG1. The last few years have thus seen the emergence of many studies investigating the complex influence of FcγRIIIa N-glycans on the interaction with IgG1 through their glycosylation sites or their glycoprofiles. In this context, we performed site-directed mutagenesis along with glycoengineering on FcγRs (FcγRI, FcγRIIaH131/b and FcγRIIIaV158/F158) in an effort to elucidate the impact of FcγRs N-glycans on the interaction with IgG1. Furthermore, we assessed their binding to various trastuzumab glycoforms with an enhanced surface plasmon resonance assay. The FcγRIIIa N-glycans had the highest impact on the interaction with IgG1. More specifically, the N162 glycan positively influenced the affinity (15-fold) for afucosylated IgG1 while the N45 glycan presented a negative impact (2-fold) regardless of the IgG1 glycoforms. Interestingly, only the FcγRIIIa glycoprofile had an impact on the interaction with IgG1 with a 1.5-fold affinity increase when FcγRIIIa displays high-mannose glycans. These results provide invaluable insights into the complex and strong influence of N-glycosylation upon FcγRs/IgG1 binding and are instrumental to further understand the impact of FcγRs N-glycosylation in their natural forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Cambay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - Catherine Forest-Nault
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lea Dumoulin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexis Seguin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Olivier Henry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
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15
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HIV Env-Specific IgG Antibodies Induced by Vaccination of Neonatal Rhesus Macaques Persist and Can Be Augmented by a Late Booster Immunization in Infancy. mSphere 2020; 5:5/2/e00162-20. [PMID: 32213623 PMCID: PMC7096624 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00162-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV epidemics in infants and adolescent women are linked. Young women of childbearing age are at high risk for HIV infection and, due to poor HIV testing rates and low adherence to antiretroviral therapy, are at high risk for mother-to-infant transmission. We hypothesize that HIV vaccine regimens initiated in early life would provide the necessary time frame to induce mature and highly functional Env-specific antibody responses that could potentially also protect against HIV acquisition later in life. The present study was designed to test two vaccine regimens, a clade C HIV Env protein vaccine (Env only) alone or combined with a modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vector expressing HIV Env (MVA/Env) for the induction and persistence of Env-specific antibody responses in an infant nonhuman primate model. Vaccination was initiated within the first week of life, with booster immunizations at weeks 6, 12, and 32. We demonstrate that both vaccine strategies were able to elicit durable Env-specific antibody responses that were enhanced by a late boost in infancy. Furthermore, we confirmed earlier data that intramuscular administration of the Env protein with the Toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8)-based adjuvant 3M-052 in stable emulsion (3M-052-SE) induced higher Env-specific antibody responses than vaccination with Env adjuvanted in Span85-Tween 80-squalene (STS) tested in a previous study. These results support the concept of early vaccination as a means to induce durable immune responses that may prevent HIV infection in adolescence at the onset of sexual debut.IMPORTANCE The majority of new HIV-1 infections occur in young adults, with adolescent women being 3 times more likely to acquire HIV than young men. Implementation of HIV prevention strategies has been less successful in this age group; thus, a vaccine given prior to adolescence remains a high priority. We propose that instead of starting HIV vaccination during adolescence, an HIV vaccine regimen initiated in early infancy, aligned with the well-accepted pediatric vaccine schedule and followed with booster immunizations, will provide an alternative means to reduce HIV acquisition in adolescence. Importantly, the long window of time between the first infant vaccine dose and the adolescence vaccine dose will allow for the maturation of highly functional HIV Env-specific antibody responses. Our study provides evidence that early life vaccination induces durable Env-specific plasma IgG responses that can be boosted to further improve the quality of the antibody response.
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16
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Kamat V, Rafique A, Huang T, Olsen O, Olson W. The impact of different human IgG capture molecules on the kinetics analysis of antibody-antigen interaction. Anal Biochem 2020; 593:113580. [PMID: 31926892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a well-established method to characterize biomolecular interactions and is widely used in drug discovery and development. Here, we demonstrate that capture surfaces profoundly impact the binding kinetics parameters that are measured for antibody-antigen interactions. Six unique antibody-antigen interactions were characterized using eight different anti-human IgG capture surfaces. The antigen binding affinities for six different human monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs) captured using three different goat anti-human Fc (AHC) polyclonal antibody (pAb) surfaces were in reasonable agreement (3-7-fold weaker) with those measured by kinetic exclusion assay (KinExA). In contrast, up to 81, 32, 489, 2826, and 219-fold weaker antigen binding affinities were measured using mouse AHC mAb, Protein G, Protein A, Protein A/G, and Protein L surfaces, respectively. Protein A, Protein A/G and Protein G interacted with the Fab of hmAbs, possibly affecting antigen binding to hmAbs captured over these surfaces. Additional studies revealed that mouse AHC mAb binds hmAbs with a weak affinity (5.5-36.3 nM) and t½ values of 1.4-3.3min, compared to the sub-nanomolar affinities of the goat AHC pAbs. These results emphasize the value of measuring binding kinetics of the capture molecule before immobilizing them onto the sensor surface to perform capture kinetics assays on label-free biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kamat
- Biomolecular HTS Center, Therapeutic Proteins, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA.
| | - Ashique Rafique
- Biomolecular HTS Center, Therapeutic Proteins, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Tammy Huang
- Therapeutic Proteins, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Olav Olsen
- Therapeutic Proteins, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - William Olson
- Therapeutic Proteins, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
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17
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Quantitative comparison of the N-glycosylation of therapeutic glycoproteins using the Glycosimilarity Index. A tutorial. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Neural network–based fingerprinting of monoclonal antibody aggregation using biolayer interferometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 412:2177-2186. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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19
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Cambay F, Henry O, Durocher Y, De Crescenzo G. Impact of N-glycosylation on Fcγ receptor / IgG interactions: unravelling differences with an enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensor assay based on coiled-coil interactions. MAbs 2019; 11:435-452. [PMID: 30822189 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1581017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-glycosylation profile of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is considered a critical quality attribute due to its impact on IgG-Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) interactions, which subsequently affect antibody-dependent cell-based immune responses. In this study, we investigated the impact of the FcγR capture method, as well as FcγR N-glycosylation, on the kinetics of interaction with various glycoforms of trastuzumab (TZM) in a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor assay. More specifically, we developed a novel strategy based on coiled-coil interactions for the stable and oriented capture of coil-tagged FcγRs at the biosensor surface. Coil-tagged FcγR capture outperformed all other capture strategies applied to the SPR study of IgG-FcγR interactions, as the robustness and reproducibility of the assay and the shelf life of the biosensor chip were excellent (> 1,000 IgG injections with the same biosensor surface). Coil-tagged FcγRs displaying different N-glycosylation profiles were generated either by different expression systems, in vitro glycoengineering or by size-exclusion chromatography, and roughly characterized by lectin blotting. Of salient interest, the overlay of their kinetics of interaction with several TZM glycoforms revealed key differences on both association and dissociation kinetics, confirming a complex influence of the FcγR N-glycosylation and its inherent heterogeneity upon receptor interaction with mAbs. This work is thus an important step towards better understanding of the impact of glycosylation upon binding of IgGs, either natural or engineered, to their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Cambay
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Polytechnique Montréal , Montréal , Québec , Canada.,b Human Health Therapeutics Research Center , National Research Council Canada , Montréal , Québec , Canada
| | - Olivier Henry
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Polytechnique Montréal , Montréal , Québec , Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- b Human Health Therapeutics Research Center , National Research Council Canada , Montréal , Québec , Canada.,c Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire , Université de Montréal , Montréal , Québec , Canada
| | - Gregory De Crescenzo
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Polytechnique Montréal , Montréal , Québec , Canada
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Wang X, Liu Q, Tan X, Liu L, Zhou F. Covalent affixation of histidine-tagged proteins tethered onto Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid sensors for enhanced surface plasmon resonance detection of small molecule drugs and kinetic studies of antibody/antigen interactions. Analyst 2019; 144:587-593. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01794h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Covalent affixation of histidine-tagged proteins tethered onto Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid sensors for enhanced surface plasmon resonance detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Tan
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Luyao Liu
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Feimeng Zhou
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- P. R. China
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21
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Tang J, Wang Q, Yu Q, Qiu Y, Mei L, Wan D, Wang X, Li M, He Q. A stabilized retro-inverso peptide ligand of transferrin receptor for enhanced liposome-based hepatocellular carcinoma-targeted drug delivery. Acta Biomater 2019; 83:379-389. [PMID: 30395963 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of tumor targeting ligands to the treatment of cancer holds promise for improving efficacy and reducing toxicity. LT7 (L(HAIYPRH)) peptide, a phage display-selected peptide, exhibited high binding affinity to transferrin receptor (TfR) overexpressed on tumor cells. However, its in vivo tumor targeting efficiency was impaired due to enzymatic degradation in blood circulation. To improve the stability and targeting ability, a retro-inverso analogue of LT7 peptide, named DT7 peptide (D(HRPYIAH)), was designed for targeted therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. The result of computer simulation predicted that DT7 bound to TfR protein more efficiently than LT7, and this prediction was confirmed experimentally by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Ex vivo stability experiment demonstrated that DT7 possessed stronger ability against proteolysis than LT7 in fresh mouse serum. We further prepared DT7-, LT7-, and transferrin (Tf)-modified liposomes (DT7-LIP, LT7-LIP, and Tf-LIP, respectively). DT7-LIP showed a significantly stronger in vitro targeting ability than LT7-LIP and Tf-LIP under normal condition and simulated biological condition. In addition, the in vitro antitumor effect of DTX-loaded DT7-LIP was markedly enhanced in comparison to DTX-loaded LT7-LIP and DTX-loaded Tf-LIP. In vivo imaging indicated that DT7-LIP had better tumor accumulation than LT7-LIP and Tf-LIP. For in vivo antitumor studies, the tumor growth rate of mice treated with DTX-loaded DT7-LIP was significantly inhibited compared to that in mice treated with DTX-loaded LT7-LIP and DTX-loaded Tf-LIP. Overall, this study verified the potential of the stable DT7 peptide in improving the efficacy of docetaxel in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A phage display library-selected LT7 (L(HAIYPRH)) peptide exhibited high affinity to transferrin receptor (TfR). However, its bioactivity was impaired in vivo as L-peptides are susceptible to degradation by proteolytic enzymes. Here, we designed a retro-inverso peptide DT7(D(HRPYIAH)) and demonstrated its increased serum stability and higher binding affinity to TfR. A stabilized targeted drug delivery system was further constructed by modified DT7 peptide on the surface of liposomes. The data indicated that DT7 peptide-modified liposomes exhibited higher targeting ability in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, DT7-modified liposomes demonstrated positive preclinical significance in enhancing the therapeutic effects against hepatocellular carcinoma.
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22
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Gassner C, Karlsson R, Lipsmeier F, Moelleken J. Beyond conventional dose-response curves: Sensorgram comparison in SPR allows single concentration activity and similarity assessment. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018. [PMID: 29533859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previously we have introduced two SPR-based assay principles (dual-binding assay and bridging assay), which allow the determination of two out of three possible interaction parameters for bispecific molecules within one assay setup: two individual interactions to both targets, and/or one simultaneous/overall interaction, which potentially reflects the inter-dependency of both individual binding events. However, activity and similarity are determined by comparing report points over a concentration range, which also mirrors the way data is generated by conventional ELISA-based methods So far, binding kinetics have not been specifically considered in generic approaches for activity assessment. Here, we introduce an improved slope-ratio model which, together with a sensorgram comparison based similarity assessment, allows the development of a detailed, USP-conformal ligand binding assay using only a single sample concentration. We compare this novel analysis method to the usual concentration-range approach for both SPR-based assay principles and discuss its impact on data quality and increased sample throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gassner
- Large Molecule Research, Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Germany.
| | | | - F Lipsmeier
- pRED Informatics, Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Moelleken
- Large Molecule Research, Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan P. R. China, 410083
| | - Feimeng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
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24
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On the glycosylation aspects of biosimilarity. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:616-625. [PMID: 29337201 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The recent expiration of several protein therapeutics opened the door for biosimilar development. Biosimilars are biologic medical products that are similar but not identical copies of already-authorized protein therapeutics. Critical quality attributes (CQA), such as post-translational modifications of recombinant biotherapeutics, are important for the clinical efficacy and safety of both the innovative biologics and their biosimilar counterparts. Here, we summarize biosimilarity CQAs, considering the regulatory guidelines and the statistical aspects (e.g., biosimilarity index) and then discuss glycosylation as one of the important attributes of biosimilarity. Finally, we introduced the 'Glycosimilarity Index', which is based on the averaged biosimilarity criterion.
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25
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Karlsson R, Fridh V, Frostell Å. Surrogate potency assays: Comparison of binding profiles complements dose response curves for unambiguous assessment of relative potencies. J Pharm Anal 2017; 8:138-146. [PMID: 29736301 PMCID: PMC5934736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) systems are widely used for detailed characterization of antibody activities including antigen and Fc-receptor binding. During the later stages of development, where the focus is to ensure that established critical quality attributes (CQAs) are maintained during cell culture, purification and formulation processes, analysis is simplified, and relative potencies are often determined. Here, simulation of binding data revealed that relative potency values, determined via parallel line analysis (PLA) and half maximal effective concentration (EC50) analysis accurately reflect changes in active concentration only if binding kinetics remain unchanged. Changes in the association rate constant shifted dose response curves, and therefore relative potencies, in the same way as changes in analyte concentration do. However, for interactions characterized by stable binding, changes in the dissociation rate constant did not result in any shift, suggesting that this type of change may go unnoticed in the dose response curve. Thus, EC50 and PLA analyses of dose response curves obtained with an anti-TNF-α antibody were complemented with the Biacore functionality for sensorgram comparison analysis, whereby changes in antigen and Fc-receptor binding profiles could be detected. Next, analysis of temperature stressed TNF-α antibody revealed that calibration free concentration analysis (CFCA) data correlated perfectly with relative potency values. Together, these results demonstrate that combinations of SPR based dose response curves, sensorgram comparison and CFCA can be used to strengthen the confidence in relative potency assessments, and suggest that SPR can potentially be used as a surrogate potency assay in the quality control of biotherapeutic medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Karlsson
- Purification and Analysis, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Veronica Fridh
- Purification and Analysis, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åsa Frostell
- Purification and Analysis, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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26
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Human Fc receptor-like 5 distinguishes IgG2 disulfide isoforms and deamidated charge variants. Mol Immunol 2017; 92:161-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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27
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Thyparambil AA, Abramyan TM, Bazin I, Guiseppi-Elie A. Site of Tagging Influences the Ochratoxin Recognition by Peptide NFO4: A Molecular Dynamics Study. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:2035-2044. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aby A. Thyparambil
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Tigran M. Abramyan
- Computational Biophysics & Molecular Design, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7363, United States
| | - Ingrid Bazin
- LGEI,
L’Ecole des Mines d’Ales, Institut Mines Telecom, University of Montpellier, 6 Avenue de Clavieres, 30319 Ales cedex, France
| | - Anthony Guiseppi-Elie
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- LGEI,
L’Ecole des Mines d’Ales, Institut Mines Telecom, University of Montpellier, 6 Avenue de Clavieres, 30319 Ales cedex, France
- ABTECH Scientific, Inc., Biotechnology
Research Park, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
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Hayes JM, Frostell A, Karlsson R, Müller S, Martín SM, Pauers M, Reuss F, Cosgrave EF, Anneren C, Davey GP, Rudd PM. Identification of Fc Gamma Receptor Glycoforms That Produce Differential Binding Kinetics for Rituximab. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:1770-1788. [PMID: 28576848 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m117.066944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) bind the Fc region of antibodies and therefore play a prominent role in antibody-dependent cell-based immune responses such as ADCC, CDC and ADCP. The immune effector cell activity is directly linked to a productive molecular engagement of FcγRs where both the protein and glycan moiety of antibody and receptor can affect the interaction and in the present study we focus on the role of the FcγR glycans in this interaction. We provide a complete description of the glycan composition of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) expressed human Fcγ receptors RI (CD64), RIIaArg131/His131 (CD32a), RIIb (CD32b) and RIIIaPhe158/Val158 (CD16a) and analyze the role of the glycans in the binding mechanism with IgG. The interactions of the monoclonal antibody rituximab with each FcγR were characterized and we discuss the CHO-FcγRIIIaPhe158/Val158 and CHO-FcγRI interactions and compare them to the equivalent interactions with human (HEK293) and murine (NS0) produced receptors. Our results reveal clear differences in the binding profiles of rituximab, which we attribute in each case to the differences in host cell-dependent FcγR glycosylation. The glycan profiles of CHO expressed FcγRI and FcγRIIIaPhe158/Val158 were compared with the glycan profiles of the receptors expressed in NS0 and HEK293 cells and we show that the glycan type and abundance differs significantly between the receptors and that these glycan differences lead to the observed differences in the respective FcγR binding patterns with rituximab. Oligomannose structures are prevalent on FcγRI from each source and likely contribute to the high affinity rituximab interaction through a stabilization effect. On FcγRI and FcγRIIIa large and sialylated glycans have a negative impact on rituximab binding, likely through destabilization of the interaction. In conclusion, the data show that the IgG1-FcγR binding kinetics differ depending on the glycosylation of the FcγR and further support a stabilizing role of FcγR glycans in the antibody binding interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrard M Hayes
- From the ‡School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse St. Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - Asa Frostell
- §GE Healthcare, Björkgatan, SE-75184 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Steffen Müller
- ¶NIBRT-Glycoscience Group, NIBRT-The National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Blackrock, County Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Martin Pauers
- ‖Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | | | - Eoin F Cosgrave
- ¶NIBRT-Glycoscience Group, NIBRT-The National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Blackrock, County Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Gavin P Davey
- From the ‡School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse St. Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- ¶NIBRT-Glycoscience Group, NIBRT-The National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Blackrock, County Dublin, Ireland
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