1
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Jarand C, Baker K, Petroff M, Jin M, Reed WF. DNA Released by Adeno-Associated Virus Strongly Alters Capsid Aggregation Kinetics in a Physiological Solution. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2890-2901. [PMID: 38683736 PMCID: PMC11094734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
While adeno-associated virus is a leading vector for gene therapy, significant gaps remain in understanding AAV degradation and stability. In this work, we study the degradation of an engineered AAV serotype at physiological pH and ionic strength. Viral particles of varying fractions of encapsulated DNA were incubated between 30 and 60 °C, with changes in molecular weight measured by changes in total light scattering intensity at 90° over time. Mostly full vectors demonstrated a rapid decrease in molecular weight corresponding to the release of capsid DNA, followed by slow aggregation. In contrast, empty vectors demonstrated immediate, rapid colloid-type aggregation. Mixtures of full and empty capsids showed a pronounced decrease in initial aggregation that cannot be explained by a linear superposition of empty and full degradation scattering signatures, indicating interactions between capsids and ejected DNA that influenced aggregation mechanisms. This demonstrates key interactions between AAV capsids and their cargo that influence capsid degradation, aggregation, and DNA release mechanisms in a physiological solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis
W. Jarand
- Department
of Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Karen Baker
- Downstream
and Drug Product Process Development, Spark
Therapeutics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19143, United States
| | - Matthew Petroff
- Downstream
and Drug Product Process Development, Spark
Therapeutics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19143, United States
| | - Mi Jin
- Downstream
and Drug Product Process Development, Spark
Therapeutics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19143, United States
| | - Wayne F. Reed
- Department
of Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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2
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Panda C, Kumar S, Gupta S, Pandey LM. Structural, kinetic, and thermodynamic aspects of insulin aggregation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24195-24213. [PMID: 37674360 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03103a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Given the significance of protein aggregation in proteinopathies and the development of therapeutic protein pharmaceuticals, revamped interest in assessing and modelling the aggregation kinetics has been observed. Quantitative analysis of aggregation includes data of gradual monomeric depletion followed by the formation of subvisible particles. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies are essential to gain key insights into the aggregation process. Despite being the medical marvel in the world of diabetes, insulin suffers from the challenge of aggregation. Physicochemical stresses are experienced by insulin during industrial formulation, storage, delivery, and transport, considerably impacting product quality, efficacy, and effectiveness. The present review briefly describes the pathways, mathematical kinetic models, and thermodynamics of protein misfolding and aggregation. With a specific focus on insulin, further discussions include the structural heterogeneity and modifications of the intermediates incurred during insulin fibrillation. Finally, different model equations to fit the kinetic data of insulin fibrillation are discussed. We believe that this review will shed light on the conditions that induce structural changes in insulin during the lag phase of fibrillation and will motivate scientists to devise strategies to block the initialization of the aggregation cascade. Subsequent abrogation of insulin fibrillation during bioprocessing will ensure stable and globally accessible insulin for efficient management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmaya Panda
- Bio-interface & Environmental Engineering Lab Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Viral Immunology Lab Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Sharad Gupta
- Neurodegeneration and Peptide Engineering Research Lab Biological Engineering Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Lalit M Pandey
- Bio-interface & Environmental Engineering Lab Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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3
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Västberg A, Bolinsson H, Leeman M, Nilsson L, Nylander T, Sejwal K, Sintorn IM, Lidayova K, Sjögren H, Wahlgren M, Elofsson U. Investigating Thermally Induced Aggregation of Somatropin- New Insights Using Orthogonal Techniques. Int J Pharm 2023; 637:122829. [PMID: 36948472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Three orthogonal techniques were used to provide new insights into thermally induced aggregation of the therapeutic protein Somatropin at pH 5.8 and 7.0. The techniques were Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Asymmetric Flow-Field Flow-Fractionation (AF4), and the TEM-based analysis system MiniTEM™. In addition, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the thermal unfolding and stability. DSC and DLS were used to explain the initial aggregation process and aggregation rate at the two pH values. The results suggest that electrostatic stabilization seems to be the main reason for the faster initial aggregation at pH 5.8, i.e., closer to the isoelectric point of Somatropin. AF4 and MiniTEM were used to investigate the aggregation pathway further. Combining the results allowed us to demonstrate Somatropin's thermal aggregation pathway at pH 7.0. The growth of the aggregates appears to follow two steps. Smaller elongated aggregates are formed in the first step, possibly initiated by partly unfolded species. In the second step, occurring during longer heating, the smaller aggregates assemble into larger aggregates with more complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Västberg
- Research Institutes of Sweden, Drottning Kristinas väg 61B, 11428 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Bolinsson
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Lars Nilsson
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tommy Nylander
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Marie Wahlgren
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulla Elofsson
- Research Institutes of Sweden, Drottning Kristinas väg 61B, 11428 Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Kim NA, Noh GY, Hada S, Na KJ, Yoon HJ, Park KW, Park YM, Jeong SH. Enhanced protein aggregation suppressor activity of N-acetyl-l-arginine for agitation-induced aggregation with silicone oil and its impact on innate immune responses. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 216:42-51. [PMID: 35779650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previously, N-acetyl-l-arginine (NALA) suppressed the aggregation of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) more effectively and with a minimum decrease in transition temperature (Tm) than arginine monohydrochloride. In this study, we performed a comparative study with etanercept (commercial product: Enbrel®), where 25 mM arginine monohydrochloride (arginine) was added to the prefilled syringe. The biophysical properties were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), and flow-imaging microscopy (FI). NALA retained the transition temperature of etanercept better than arginine, where arginine significantly reduced the Tm by increasing its concentration. End-over-end rotation was applied to each formulation for 5 days to accelerate protein aggregation and subvisible particle formation. Higher monomeric content was retained with NALA with a decrease in particle level. Higher aggregation onset temperature (Tagg) was detected for etanercept with NALA than arginine. The results of this comparative study were consistent with previous study, suggesting that NALA could be a better excipient for liquid protein formulations. Agitated IVIG and etanercept were injected into C57BL/6 J female mice to observe immunogenic response after 24 h. In the presence of silicone oil, NALA dramatically reduced IL-1 expression, implying that decreased aggregation was related to reduced immunogenicity of both etanercept and IVIG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Ah Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ga Yeon Noh
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Shavron Hada
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jun Na
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Yoon
- Division of Health and Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Woong Park
- Division of Health and Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Min Park
- Division of Health and Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Hoon Jeong
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Berger JE, Teixeira SCM, Reed K, Razinkov VI, Sloey CJ, Qi W, Roberts CJ. High-Pressure, Low-Temperature Induced Unfolding and Aggregation of Monoclonal Antibodies: Role of the Fc and Fab Fragments. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:4431-4441. [PMID: 35675067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of high pressure and low temperature on the stability of two different monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were examined in this work. Fluorescence and small-angle neutron scattering were used to monitor the in situ effects of pressure to infer shifts in tertiary structure and characterize aggregation prone intermediates. Partial unfolding was observed for both MAbs, to different extents, under a range of pressure/temperature conditions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was also used to monitor ex situ changes in secondary structure. Preservation of native secondary structure after incubation at elevated pressures and subzero ° C temperatures was independent of the extent of tertiary unfolding and reversibility. Several combinations of pressure and temperature were also used to discern the respective contributions of the isolated Ab fragments (Fab and Fc) to unfolding and aggregation. The fragments for each antibody showed significantly different partial unfolding profiles and reversibility. There was not a simple correlation between stability of the full MAb and either the Fc or Fab fragment stabilities across all cases, demonstrating a complex relationship to full MAb unfolding and aggregation behavior. That notwithstanding, the combined use of spectroscopic and scattering techniques provides insights into MAb conformational stability and hysteresis in high-pressure, low-temperature environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Berger
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Susana C M Teixeira
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.,NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Kaelan Reed
- PharmBIO Products, W. L. Gore & Associates, Elkton, Maryland 21921, United States
| | - Vladimir I Razinkov
- Drug Product Technologies, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Christopher J Sloey
- Drug Product Technologies, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Wei Qi
- Drug Product Technologies, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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6
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Amyloidogenicity of peptides targeting diabetes and obesity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 209:112157. [PMID: 34715595 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of insulin, a century ago, the repertoire of therapeutic polypeptides targeting diabetes - and now also obesity - have increased substantially. The focus on quality has shifted from impure and unstable preparations of animal insulin to highly pure, homologous recombinant insulin, along with other peptide-based hormones and analogs such as amylin analogs (pramlintide, davalintide, cagrilintide), glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide). Proper formulation, storage, manipulation and usage by professionals and patients are required in order to avoid agglomeration into high molecular weight products (HMWP), either amorphous or amyloid, which could result in potential loss of biological activity and short- or long-term immune reaction and silent inactivation. In this narrative review, we present perspective of the aggregation of therapeutic polypeptides used in diabetes and other metabolic diseases, covering the nature and mechanisms, analytical techniques, physical and chemical stability, strategies aimed to hamper the formation of HMWP, and perspectives on future biopharmaceutical developments.
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7
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Ohshita N, Motoyama K, Iohara D, Hirayama F, Taharabaru T, Watabe N, Kawabata Y, Onodera R, Higashi T. Polypseudorotaxane-based supramolecular hydrogels consisting of cyclodextrins and Pluronics as stabilizing agents for antibody drugs. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 256:117419. [PMID: 33483011 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, antibody drugs have been used worldwide, and based on worldwide sales, 7 of the top 10 pharmaceutical products in 2019 were antibody-based drugs. However, antibody drugs often form aggregates upon thermal and shaking stresses with few efficient stabilizing agents against both stresses. Herein, we developed polypseudorotaxane (PpRX) hydrogels consisting of cyclodextrins (CyDs) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-polypropylene glycol (PPG)-PEG block copolymers (Pluronics F108, F87, F68, and L44), and evaluated their utility as antibody stabilizing agents. α- and γ-CyDs formed PpRX hydrogels with Pluronics, where CyD/F108 gels showed remarkable stabilizing effects for human immunoglobulin G (IgG) against both thermal and shaking stresses beyond CyD/PEG gels or generic gels. The effects were probably due to the interaction between IgG and the free PPG block of Pluronic F108, resulting in the strong IgG retention in the gels. These findings suggest the great potential of CyD/Pluronic gels as pharmaceutical materials for antibody formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Ohshita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Keiichi Motoyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Daisuke Iohara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Hirayama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Toru Taharabaru
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Naoki Watabe
- Renishaw plc. 4-29-8 Yotsuya, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0004, Japan
| | - Youhei Kawabata
- Renishaw plc. 4-29-8 Yotsuya, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0004, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Risako Onodera
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Taishi Higashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
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8
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N-Acetylated-L-arginine (NALA) is an enhanced protein aggregation suppressor under interfacial stresses and elevated temperature for protein liquid formulations. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:654-664. [PMID: 33137385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Even though arginine hydrochloride has been recognized as a protein aggregation suppressor in the biopharmaceutical industry, its use has been questioned due to decreasing transition unfolding temperatures (Tm). Four compounds were designed to enhance the role of arginine by changing the length of the carbon chain with removal or N-acetylation of α-amino group. Biophysical properties were observed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), and flow imaging (FI). N-Acetyl-L-arginine (NALA) performed the best at minimizing decrease in Tm with arginine at different pH. NALA also demonstrated relatively higher colloidal stability than arginine hydrochloride, especially in the acidic pH, thereby reducing agitation stress of IgG. Moreover, NALA exhibited a cooperative effect with commercially used glycine buffer for IVIG to maintain the monomer contents with almost no change and suppressed larger particle formation after agitation with heat. The study concludes that the decreasing Tm of proteins by arginine hydrochloride is due to amide group in the α-carbon chain. Moreover, chemical modification on the group compared to removing it will be a breakthrough of arginine's limitations and optimize storage stability of protein therapeutics.
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9
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Paik B, Calero-Rubio C, Lee JY, Jia X, Kiick KL, Roberts CJ. Characterizing aggregate growth and morphology of alanine-rich polypeptides as a function of sequence chemistry and solution temperature from scattering, spectroscopy, and microscopy. Biophys Chem 2020; 267:106481. [PMID: 33035751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aggregation behavior and stability of a series of alanine-rich peptides, which are included as components of peptide-polymer conjugates, were characterized using a combination of biophysical techniques. Light scattering techniques were used to monitor changes in peptide morphology and size distributions as a function of time and temperature. The results show large particles immediately upon dissolution in buffer. At room temperature, these particles relaxed to reach a mostly monomeric peptide state, while at higher temperatures, they grew to form aggregates. Circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD) was used to monitor temperature- and time-dependent conformational changes as a function of peptide sequence and incubation time. CD measurements reveal that all of the sequences are helical at low temperatures with transitions to non-helical conformation with increased temperature. Samples incubated at room temperature were able to recover their original helicity. At increased temperature, the shorter and longer peptide sequences showed notable changes in conformation, and were not able to recover their original helicity after 72 h. After incubation for up to one week, β-sheet conformations were observed in these two cases, while only α-helical conformation loss was observed for the peptide of intermediate molecular weight. Transmission electron microscopy measurements reveal the formation of fibrils after 72 h of incubation at 60 °C for all samples, in agreement with the scattering measurements. Additional quenching experiments show that peptide aggregation can be stalled when solutions are cooled to room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford Paik
- Department of Material Science & Engineering Department, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States of America
| | - Cesar Calero-Rubio
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States of America
| | - Jee Young Lee
- Department of Material Science & Engineering Department, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States of America
| | - Xinqiao Jia
- Department of Material Science & Engineering Department, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States of America
| | - Kristi L Kiick
- Department of Material Science & Engineering Department, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States of America.
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States of America.
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10
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Bansal R, Dash R, Rathore AS. Impact of mAb Aggregation on Its Biological Activity: Rituximab as a Case Study. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:2684-2698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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11
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Pham NB, Meng WS. Protein aggregation and immunogenicity of biotherapeutics. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119523. [PMID: 32531452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant proteins are the mainstay of biopharmaceuticals. A key challenge in the manufacturing and formulation of protein biologic products is the tendency for the active pharmaceutical ingredients to aggregate, resulting in irreversible drug loss, and an increase in immunogenicity risk. While the molecular mechanisms of protein aggregation have been discussed extensively in the literature, knowledge gaps remain in connecting the phenomenon in the context of immunogenicity of biotherapeutics. In this review, we discussed factors that drive aggregation of pharmaceutical recombinant proteins, and highlighted methods of prediction and mitigation that can be deployed through the development stages, from formulation to bioproduction. The purpose is to stimulate new dialogs that would bridge the interface between physical characterizations of protein aggregates in biotherapeutics and the functional attributes of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc B Pham
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Wilson S Meng
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States.
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12
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Wood CV, McEvoy S, Razinkov VI, Qi W, Furst EM, Roberts CJ. Kinetics and Competing Mechanisms of Antibody Aggregation via Bulk- and Surface-Mediated Pathways. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1449-1459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Surfaces Affect Screening Reliability in Formulation Development of Biologics. Pharm Res 2020; 37:27. [PMID: 31907628 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The ability to predict an antibody's propensity for aggregation is particularly important during product development to ensure the quality and safety of therapeutic antibodies. We demonstrate the role of container surfaces on the aggregation process of three mAbs under elevated temperature and long-term storage conditions in the absence of mechanical stress. METHODS A systematic study of aggregation is performed for different proteins, vial material, storage temperature, and presence of surfactant. We use size exclusion chromatography and micro-flow imaging to determine the bulk concentration of aggregates, which we combine with optical and atomic force microscopy of vial surfaces to determine the effect of solid-liquid interfaces on the bulk aggregate concentration under different conditions. RESULTS We show that protein particles under elevated temperature conditions adhere to the vial surfaces, causing a substantial underestimation of aggregation propensity as determined by common methods used in development of biologics. Under actual long-term storage conditions at 5°C, aggregate particles do not adhere to the surface, causing an increase in bulk concentration of particles, which cannot be predicted from elevated temperature screening tests by common methods alone. We also identify specific protein - surface interactions which promote oligomer formation in the nanometre range. CONCLUSIONS Special care should be taken when interpreting size exclusion and particle count data from stability studies if different temperatures and vial types are involved. We propose a novel combination of methods to characterise vial surfaces and bulk solution for a full understanding of protein aggregation processes in a sample.
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14
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Hu Y, Toth RT, Joshi SB, Esfandiary R, Middaugh CR, Volkin DB, Weis DD. Characterization of Excipient Effects on Reversible Self-Association, Backbone Flexibility, and Solution Properties of an IgG1 Monoclonal Antibody at High Concentrations: Part 2. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:353-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Jin W, Xing Z, Song Y, Huang C, Xu X, Ghose S, Li ZJ. Protein aggregation and mitigation strategy in low pH viral inactivation for monoclonal antibody purification. MAbs 2019; 11:1479-1491. [PMID: 31441367 PMCID: PMC6816434 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1658493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant amounts of soluble product aggregates were observed during low-pH viral inactivation (VI) scale-up for an IgG4 monoclonal antibody (mAb IgG4-N1), while small-scale experiments in the same condition showed negligible aggregation. Poor mixing and product exposure to low pH were identified as the root cause. To gain a mechanistic understanding of the problem, protein aggregation properties were studied by varying critical parameters including pH, hold time and protein concentration. Comprehensive biophysical characterization of product monomers and aggregates was performed using fluorescence-size-exclusion chromatography, differential scanning fluorimetry, fluorescence spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Results showed IgG4-N1 partially unfolds at about pH 3.3 where the product molecules still exist largely as monomers owing to strong inter-molecular repulsions and favorable colloidal stability. In the subsequent neutralization step, however, the conformationally changed monomers are prone to aggregation due to weaker inter-molecular repulsions following the pH transition from 3.3 to 5.5. Surface charge calculations using homology modeling suggested that intra-molecular repulsions, especially between CH2 domains, may contribute to the IgG4-N1 unfolding at ≤ pH 3.3. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling was employed to simulate the conditions of pH titration to reduce the risk of aggregate formation. The low-pH zones during acid addition were characterized using CFD modeling and correlated to the condition causing severe product aggregation. The CFD tool integrated with the mAb solution properties was used to optimize the VI operating parameters for successful scale-up demonstration. Our research revealed the governing aggregation mechanism for IgG4-N1 under acidic conditions by linking its molecular properties and various process-related parameters to macroscopic aggregation phenomena. This study also provides useful insights into the cause and mitigation of low-pH-induced IgG4 aggregation in downstream VI operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Jin
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Zizhuo Xing
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Yuanli Song
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Chao Huang
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Xuankuo Xu
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA, USA
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Differential Scanning Calorimetry to Quantify Heat-Induced Aggregation in Concentrated Protein Solutions. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2039:117-129. [PMID: 31342423 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9678-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is an important technique to measure the thermodynamics of protein unfolding (or folding). Information including the temperature for the onset of unfolding, the melt transition temperature (Tm), enthalpy of unfolding (ΔH), and refolding index (RI) are useful for evaluating the heat stability of proteins for a range of biochemical, structural biology, industrial, and pharmaceutical applications. We describe a procedure for careful sample preparation of proteins for DSC measurements and data analysis to determine a range of thermodynamic parameters. In particular, we highlight a measure of protein refolding following complete thermal denaturation (RI), which quantifies the proportion of protein lost to irreversible aggregation after thermal denaturation.
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Austerberry JI, Thistlethwaite A, Fisher K, Golovanov AP, Pluen A, Esfandiary R, van der Walle CF, Warwicker J, Derrick JP, Curtis R. Arginine to Lysine Mutations Increase the Aggregation Stability of a Single-Chain Variable Fragment through Unfolded-State Interactions. Biochemistry 2019; 58:3413-3421. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James I. Austerberry
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Thistlethwaite
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Fisher
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander P. Golovanov
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Alain Pluen
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Reza Esfandiary
- Dosage Form Design & Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | | | - Jim Warwicker
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy P. Derrick
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Curtis
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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18
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Commentary: New perspectives on protein aggregation during Biopharmaceutical development. Int J Pharm 2018; 552:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Wang W, Roberts CJ. Protein aggregation – Mechanisms, detection, and control. Int J Pharm 2018; 550:251-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Gomes D, Kalman RK, Pagels RK, Rodrigues MA, Roberts CJ. Parallel chromatography and in situ scattering to interrogate competing protein aggregation pathways. Protein Sci 2018; 27:1325-1333. [PMID: 29717515 PMCID: PMC6032348 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein aggregation can follow different pathways, and these can result in different net aggregation rates and kinetic profiles. α-chymotypsinogen A (aCgn) was used as a model system to quantitatively and qualitatively assess an approach that combines ex situ size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) with in situ laser scattering (LS) to monitor aggregation vs. time. Aggregation was monitored for a series of temperatures and initial dimer (ID) levels for starting conditions that were primarily (> 97%) monomer, and under initial-rate conditions (limited to low monomer conversion-less than 20% monomer mass loss), as these conditions are of most to interest to many pharmaceutical and biotechnology applications. SEC results show that modest decreases of ID levels can greatly reduce monomer loss rates, but do not affect the effective activation energy for aggregation. The normalized aggregation rates determined from LS were typically ∼ 1 order of magnitude higher than the corresponding rates from SEC. Furthermore, LS signals vs. time became variable and highly nonlinear with decreasing ID level, temperature, and/or total protein concentration. Temperature-cycling LS experiments showed this corresponded to conditions where dimer/oligomer "seeding" was suppressed, and high levels of reversible oligomers ("prenuclei") were formed prior to "nucleation" and growth of stable aggregates. In those conditions, aggregation rates inferred from LS and SEC are greatly different, as the techniques monitor different stages of the aggregation process. Overall, the results illustrate an approach for interrogating non-native protein aggregation pathways, and potential pitfalls if one relies on a single method to monitor aggregation-this holds more generally than the particular methods here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gomes
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelaware
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Department of Chemical EngineeringInstituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Rebecca K. Kalman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelaware
| | - Rebecca K. Pagels
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelaware
| | - Miguel A. Rodrigues
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Department of Chemical EngineeringInstituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
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21
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Kara DA, Borzova VA, Markossian KA, Kleymenov SY, Kurganov BI. A change in the pathway of dithiothreitol-induced aggregation of bovine serum albumin in the presence of polyamines and arginine. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:889-899. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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High Throughput Prediction Approach for Monoclonal Antibody Aggregation at High Concentration. Pharm Res 2017; 34:1831-1839. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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23
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Woldeyes MA, Calero-Rubio C, Furst EM, Roberts CJ. Predicting Protein Interactions of Concentrated Globular Protein Solutions Using Colloidal Models. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:4756-4767. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b02183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahlet A. Woldeyes
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering. University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Cesar Calero-Rubio
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering. University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Eric M. Furst
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering. University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Christopher J. Roberts
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering. University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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