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Chatzilakou E, Hu Y, Jiang N, Yetisen AK. Biosensors for melanoma skin cancer diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 250:116045. [PMID: 38301546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Skin cancer is a critical global public health concern, with melanoma being the deadliest variant, correlated to 80% of skin cancer-related deaths and a remarkable propensity to metastasize. Despite notable progress in skin cancer prevention and diagnosis, the limitations of existing methods accentuate the demand for precise diagnostic tools. Biosensors have emerged as valuable clinical tools, enabling rapid and reliable point-of-care (POC) testing of skin cancer. This review offers insights into skin cancer development, highlights essential cutaneous melanoma biomarkers, and assesses the current landscape of biosensing technologies for diagnosis. The comprehensive analysis in this review underscores the transformative potential of biosensors in revolutionizing melanoma skin cancer diagnosis, emphasizing their critical role in advancing patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency. The increasing availability of these approaches supports direct diagnosis and aims to reduce the reliance on biopsies, enhancing POC diagnosis. Recent advancements in biosensors for skin cancer diagnosis hold great promise, with their integration into healthcare expected to enhance early detection accuracy and reliability, thereby mitigating socioeconomic disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Chatzilakou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
| | - Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
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2
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Sitkov N, Ryabko A, Moshnikov V, Aleshin A, Kaplun D, Zimina T. Hybrid Impedimetric Biosensors for Express Protein Markers Detection. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:181. [PMID: 38398911 PMCID: PMC10890403 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Impedimetric biosensors represent a powerful and promising tool for studying and monitoring biological processes associated with proteins and can contribute to the development of new approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The basic principles, analytical methods, and applications of hybrid impedimetric biosensors for express protein detection in biological fluids are described. The advantages of this type of biosensors, such as simplicity and speed of operation, sensitivity and selectivity of analysis, cost-effectiveness, and an ability to be integrated into hybrid microfluidic systems, are demonstrated. Current challenges and development prospects in this area are analyzed. They include (a) the selection of materials for electrodes and formation of nanostructures on their surface; (b) the development of efficient methods for biorecognition elements' deposition on the electrodes' surface, providing the specificity and sensitivity of biosensing; (c) the reducing of nonspecific binding and interference, which could affect specificity; (d) adapting biosensors to real samples and conditions of operation; (e) expanding the range of detected proteins; and, finally, (f) the development of biosensor integration into large microanalytical system technologies. This review could be useful for researchers working in the field of impedimetric biosensors for protein detection, as well as for those interested in the application of this type of biosensor in biomedical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Sitkov
- Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.M.); (T.Z.)
- Engineering Centre for Microtechnology and Diagnostics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey Ryabko
- Laboratory of Nonequilibrium Processes in Semiconductors, Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Vyacheslav Moshnikov
- Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.M.); (T.Z.)
| | - Andrey Aleshin
- Laboratory of Nonequilibrium Processes in Semiconductors, Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Dmitry Kaplun
- Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China;
- Department of Automation and Control Processes, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana Zimina
- Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.M.); (T.Z.)
- Engineering Centre for Microtechnology and Diagnostics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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3
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Yılmaz M, Bilgi M. A disposable impedimetric immunosensor for the analysis of CA125 in human serum samples. Biomed Microdevices 2024; 26:8. [PMID: 38180587 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-023-00691-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Cancer antigen 125 (CA125) is the most common biomarker used to diagnose and monitor ovarian cancer progression for the last four decades, and precise detection of its levels in blood serum is crucial. In this work, label-free impedimetric CA125 immunosensors were fabricated by using screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with poly toluidine blue (PTB) (in deep eutectic solvent)/gold nanoparticles (AuNP) for the sensitive, environmentally friendly, economical, and practical analysis of CA125. The materials of PTBDES and AuNP were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The analysis of the CA125 was performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the developed immunosensor. The immunosensor's repeatability, reproducibility, reusability, selectivity, and storage stability were examined. The developed label-free immunosensor allowed the determination of CA125 in fast, good repeatability and a low limit of detection (1.20 pg mL-1) in the linear range of 5-100 pg mL-1. The stable surface of the fabricated immunosensor was successfully regenerated ten times. The application of immunosensors in commercial human blood serum was performed, and good recoveries were achieved. The disposable label-free impedimetric CA125 immunosensor developed for the rapid and practical detection of CA125 is a candidate for use in point-of-care tests in clinical applications of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Yılmaz
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, 18100, Türkiye
| | - Melike Bilgi
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, 18100, Türkiye.
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4
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Rivas MV, Arenas Muñetón MJ, Bordoni AV, Lombardo MV, Spagnuolo CC, Wolosiuk A. Revisiting carboxylic group functionalization of silica sol-gel materials. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:1628-1653. [PMID: 36752739 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02279f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The carboxylic chemical group is a ubiquitous moiety present in amino acids, a ligand for transition metals, a colloidal stabilizer, and a weak acidic ion-exchanger in polymeric resins and given this property, it is attractive for responsive materials or nanopore-based gating applications. As the number of uses increases, subtle requirements are imposed on this molecular group when anchored to various platforms for the functioning of an integrated chemical system. In this context, silica stands as an inert and multipurpose platform that enables the anchoring of multiple chemical entities combined through several orthogonal synthesis methods on the interface. Surface chemical modification relies on the use of organoalkoxysilanes that must meet the demand of tuned chemical properties; this, in turn, urges for innovative approaches for having an improved, but simple, organic toolbox. Starting from commonly available molecular precursors, several approaches have emerged: hydrosilylation, click thiol-ene additions, the use of carbodiimides or the reaction between cyclic anhydrides and anchored amines. In this review, we analyze the importance of the COOH groups in the area of materials science and the commercial availability of COOH-based silanes and present new approaches for obtaining COOH-based organoalkoxide precursors. Undoubtedly, this will attract widespread interest for the ultimate design of highly integrated chemical platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Verónica Rivas
- Gerencia Química - Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, CONICET, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María J Arenas Muñetón
- Gerencia Química - Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, CONICET, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Andrea V Bordoni
- Gerencia Química - Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, CONICET, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - M Verónica Lombardo
- Gerencia Química - Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, CONICET, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carla C Spagnuolo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Wolosiuk
- Gerencia Química - Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, CONICET, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Fabrication of poly (aspartic) acid functionalized graphene quantum dots based FRET sensor for selective and sensitive detection of MAGE-A11 antigen. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Suni II. Substrate Materials for Biomolecular Immobilization within Electrochemical Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:239. [PMID: 34356710 PMCID: PMC8301891 DOI: 10.3390/bios11070239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors have potential applications for agriculture, food safety, environmental monitoring, sports medicine, biomedicine, and other fields. One of the primary challenges in this field is the immobilization of biomolecular probes atop a solid substrate material with adequate stability, storage lifetime, and reproducibility. This review summarizes the current state of the art for covalent bonding of biomolecules onto solid substrate materials. Early research focused on the use of Au electrodes, with immobilization of biomolecules through ω-functionalized Au-thiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), but stability is usually inadequate due to the weak Au-S bond strength. Other noble substrates such as C, Pt, and Si have also been studied. While their nobility has the advantage of ensuring biocompatibility, it also has the disadvantage of making them relatively unreactive towards covalent bond formation. With the exception of Sn-doped In2O3 (indium tin oxide, ITO), most metal oxides are not electrically conductive enough for use within electrochemical biosensors. Recent research has focused on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as MoS2 and on electrically conductive polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene. In addition, the deposition of functionalized thin films from aryldiazonium cations has attracted significant attention as a substrate-independent method for biofunctionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Ivar Suni
- Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; ; Tel.: +1-618-453-7822
- School of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Materials Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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Chanarsa S, Jakmunee J, Ounnunkad K. A Bifunctional Nanosilver-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite for Label-Free Electrochemical Immunosensing. Front Chem 2021; 9:631571. [PMID: 33996742 PMCID: PMC8113703 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.631571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A bi-functional material based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite for both electrode modification and signal generation is successfully synthesized for use in the construction of a label-free electrochemical immunosensor. An AgNPs/rGO nanocomposite is prepared by a one-pot wet chemical process. The AgNPs/rGO composite dispersion is simply cast on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) to fabricate the electrochemical immunosensor. It possesses a sufficient conductivity/electroreactivity and improves the electrode reactivity of SPCE. Moreover, the material can generate an analytical response due to the formation of immunocomplexes for detection of human immunoglobulin G (IgG), a model biomarker. Based on electrochemical stripping of AgNPs, the material reveals signal amplification without external redox molecules/probes. Under optimized conditions, the square wave voltammetric peak current is responded to the logarithm of IgG concentration in two wide linear ranges from 1 to 50 pg.ml-1 and 0.05 to 50 ng.ml-1, and the limit of detection (LOD) is estimated to be 0.86 pg.ml-1. The proposed immunosensor displays satisfactory sensitivity and selectivity. Importantly, detection of IgG in human serum using the immunosensor shows satisfactory accuracy, suggesting that the immunosensor possesses a huge potential for further development in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supakeit Chanarsa
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- The Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jaroon Jakmunee
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Research Center on Chemistry for Development of Health Promoting Products From Northern Resources, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kontad Ounnunkad
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Research Center on Chemistry for Development of Health Promoting Products From Northern Resources, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Aydın EB, Aydın M, Sezgintürk MK. A label-free immunosensor for sensitive detection of RACK 1 cancer biomarker based on conjugated polymer modified ITO electrode. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 190:113517. [PMID: 32784093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A new flexible biosensor based on conjugated polymer functionalized indium tin oxide (ITO) sheet was fabricated for Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK 1) determination. Poly(3-thiophene acetic acid) (P(Thi-Ac)) was used as an immobilization matrix for construction of RACK 1 immunosensor. This polymer had a great number of carboxyl groups on its end site and these carboxyl ends provided anchoring points to the anti-RACK 1 antibodies. Anti-RACK 1 antibodies were covalently attached on the ITO electrode and recognized the RACK 1 antigens. Electrochemical characterizations were made by employing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. Additionally, single frequency impedance method (SFI) was applied to follow the specific biointeraction between antibody and antigen. As a result of specific biointeraction, the designed immunosensor exhibited a wide linear detection range between 0.01 pg/mL and 2 pg/mL RACK 1 with a detection limit of 3.1 fg/mL. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses were employed for electrode surface morphology investigation. The designed RACK 1 biosensor had good repeatability (5.73 %, RSD), excellent reproducibility (2.5 %, RSD), long storage-stability and reusable property. In addition, the fabricated RACK 1 biosensor was applied to determine RACK 1 concentration in human serums and the recovery was ranging from 98.79%-100.22%. This work illustrated a new tool to construct a sensitive and low-cost disposable biosensor for applications in clinical monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Burcu Aydın
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Aydın
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, Çanakkale, Turkey.
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Lamarca RS, Faria RADD, Zanoni MVB, Nalin M, Lima Gomes PCFD, Messaddeq Y. Simple, fast and environmentally friendly method to determine ciprofloxacin in wastewater samples based on an impedimetric immunosensor. RSC Adv 2020; 10:1838-1847. [PMID: 35494561 PMCID: PMC9047983 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09083e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study an impedimetric immunosensor was developed in order to determine ciprofloxacin (CIP) in wastewater samples, an emergent contaminant widely found in wastewater. To achieve this, an anti-ciprofloxacin antibody was immobilized on the surface of a printed carbon electrode. Then, the developed immunosensor was applied in wastewater samples from Université Laval residences (Québec, Canada) through the load transfer resistance (Rct) using [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− as a redox probe, and the average CIP concentration was found to be 2.90 × 10−4 μg mL−1. The observed Rct changes presented a linear relationship from CIP concentrations of 10−5 to 1.0 μg mL−1, with detection and quantification limits of 2.50 × 10−6 and 7.90 × 10−6 μg mL−1, respectively. The immunosensor presented high selectivity and repeatability, as well as a good recovery rate in wastewater samples (97%). Significant interference with other compounds was not observed. The proposed method requires only 30 μL of sample without the use of organic solvents or preceding sample preparation and/or extraction techniques. Moreover, the method is fast: only 20 min of incubation followed by 2 min of analysis time was sufficient to obtain the CIP concentration. The method's estimated cost is U$ 2.00 per sample. In this study an impedimetric immunosensor was developed in order to determine ciprofloxacin (CIP) in wastewater samples, an emergent contaminant widely found in wastewater samples.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Valnice Boldrin Zanoni
- UNESP
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection
- Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM)
- Institute of Chemistry
- São Paulo State University – UNESP
| | - Marcelo Nalin
- Institute of Chemistry
- São Paulo State University (UNESP)
- Araraquara
- Brazil
| | - Paulo Clairmont Feitosa de Lima Gomes
- UNESP
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection
- Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM)
- Institute of Chemistry
- São Paulo State University – UNESP
| | - Younès Messaddeq
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Laser (COPL)
- Université Laval
- Quebec
- Canada
- Institute of Chemistry
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Demirbakan B, Sezgintürk MK. A novel electrochemical immunosensor based on disposable ITO-PET electrodes for sensitive detection of PAK 2 antigen. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Özcan B, Sezgintürk MK. Highly sensitive and cost-effective ITO-based immunosensor system modified by 11-CUTMS: Analysis of SOX2 protein in real human serum. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:245-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Abstract
Immunosensors are compact tools on which antibody and antigen interactions are formed. The specific interaction between antibody and antigen is detected by using a transducer and an electrical signal is measured. This specific interaction between these molecules makes immunosensor very attractive for several applications in different fields. Electrochemical immunosensors are successful devices in selective and sensitive detection of several analytes. Electrochemical transducing methods such as voltammetric, potentiometric, conductometric or impedimetric have been utilized in different applications due to their excellent properties such as being low-cost, sensitivity and simplicity. In this chapter, the fundamentals of electrochemical immunosensors are summarized and different applications in food, environmental and clinical analyses are investigated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Burcu Aydin
- Namık Kemal University, Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
| | - Muhammet Aydin
- Namık Kemal University, Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Aydın EB, Aydın M, Sezgintürk MK. Electrochemical immunosensor based on chitosan/conductive carbon black composite modified disposable ITO electrode: An analytical platform for p53 detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 121:80-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Aydın EB, Sezgintürk MK. An impedimetric immunosensor for highly sensitive detection of IL-8 in human serum and saliva samples: A new surface modification method by 6-phosphonohexanoic acid for biosensing applications. Anal Biochem 2018; 554:44-52. [PMID: 29902421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we fabricated a sensitive and label-free impedimetric immunosensor based on 6-phosphonohexanoic acid (PHA) modified ITO electrode for detection of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in human serum and saliva. PHA was first employed to cancer biomarker sensing platform. Anti-IL-8 antibody was used as a biorecognition element and the detection principle of this immunosensor was based on monitoring specific interaction between anti-IL-8 antibody and IL-8 antigen. The morphological characterization of each electrode modification step was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), SEM-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) while electrochemical characterization was performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and single frequency impedance (SFI) techniques. Moreover, the antibody immobilization on the electrode surface was proved Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy. This proposed impedimetric immunosensor exhibited good performances with a wide linear in the range from 0.02 pg/mL to 3 pg/mL as well as a relative low detection limit of 6 fg/mL. The impedimetric immunosensor had a good specificity, stability and reproducibility. This study proved that PHA was a suitable interface material to fabricate an electrochemical biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Burcu Aydın
- Namık Kemal University, Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, Çanakkale, Turkey
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15
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Aydın EB, Sezgintürk MK. Indium tin oxide (ITO): A promising material in biosensing technology. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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