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Marada A, Walter C, Suhm T, Shankar S, Nandy A, Brummer T, Dhaouadi I, Vögtle FN, Meisinger C. DYRK1A signalling synchronizes the mitochondrial import pathways for metabolic rewiring. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5265. [PMID: 38902238 PMCID: PMC11189921 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria require an extensive proteome to maintain a variety of metabolic reactions, and changes in cellular demand depend on rapid adaptation of the mitochondrial protein composition. The TOM complex, the organellar entry gate for mitochondrial precursors in the outer membrane, is a target for cytosolic kinases to modulate protein influx. DYRK1A phosphorylation of the carrier import receptor TOM70 at Ser91 enables its efficient docking and thus transfer of precursor proteins to the TOM complex. Here, we probe TOM70 phosphorylation in molecular detail and find that TOM70 is not a CK2 target nor import receptor for MIC19 as previously suggested. Instead, we identify TOM20 as a MIC19 import receptor and show off-target inhibition of the DYRK1A-TOM70 axis with the clinically used CK2 inhibitor CX4945 which activates TOM20-dependent import pathways. Taken together, modulation of DYRK1A signalling adapts the central mitochondrial protein entry gate via synchronization of TOM70- and TOM20-dependent import pathways for metabolic rewiring. Thus, DYRK1A emerges as a cytosolic surveillance kinase to regulate and fine-tune mitochondrial protein biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Marada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Corvin Walter
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tamara Suhm
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sahana Shankar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arpita Nandy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Brummer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium DKTK Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ines Dhaouadi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - F-Nora Vögtle
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Chris Meisinger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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Taskin AA, Moretti DN, Vögtle FN, Meisinger C. Isolation and Quality Control of Yeast Mitochondria. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2615:41-55. [PMID: 36807783 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2922-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of organelles devoid of other cellular compartments is crucial for studying organellar proteomes and the localization of newly identified proteins, as well as for assessing specific organellar functions. Here, we describe a protocol for the isolation of crude and highly pure mitochondria from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and provide methods for testing the functional integrity of the isolated organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Aras Taskin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daiana Nerina Moretti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Nora Vögtle
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chris Meisinger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Hirano H, Shirakawa J. Recent developments in Phos-tag electrophoresis for the analysis of phosphoproteins in proteomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2022; 19:103-114. [PMID: 35285370 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2022.2052850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phosphate-binding tag (Phos-tag) sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is an important development capable of analyzing the phosphorylation state of proteins. Conventionally, proteins were separated via SDS-PAGE and Phos-tag SDS-PAGE that use different gels to identify phosphorylated proteins. However, it was often difficult to compare the electrophoretic mobility of the proteins in the different gels used. The recently developed Phos-tag diagonal electrophoresis has been able to solve this problem. It can indicate the SDS-PAGE and Phos-tag SDS-PAGE patterns on a single gel; therefore, phosphorylated proteins can be distinguished easily from non-phosphorylated proteins. AREAS COVERED This review assesses the importance of Phos-tag electrophoresis, which enables the analysis of protein phosphorylation states, in the field of proteomics. Additionally, this review describes the significance and actual experimental technique of Phos-tag diagonal electrophoresis, which was recently developed to overcome the drawbacks of Phos-tag SDS-PAGE. EXPERT OPINION Although shotgun analysis of proteins allows detecting many phosphorylation sites, it is challenging to clarify the differences in the phosphorylation states of protein molecules using this technique. Therefore, Phos-tag SDS-PAGE is frequently used to determine the phosphorylation state of proteins. This technique has become more powerful with the recent development of Phos-tag diagonal electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Hirano
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Jun Shirakawa
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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Walter C, Marada A, Meisinger C. Monitoring checkpoints of metabolism and protein biogenesis in mitochondria by Phos-tag technology. J Proteomics 2022; 252:104430. [PMID: 34813945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A role for reversible phosphorylation in regulation of mitochondrial proteins has been neglected for a long time. Particularly, the import machineries that mediate influx of more than 1000 different precursor proteins into the organelle were considered as predominantly constitutively active entities. Only recently, a combination of advanced phosphoproteomic approaches and Phos-tag technology enabled the discovery of several phosphorylation sites at the translocase of the outer membrane TOM and the identification of cellular signalling cascades that allow dynamic adaptation of the protein influx into mitochondria upon changing cellular demands. Here, we present a protocol that allows biochemical and semi-quantitative profiling of intra-mitochondrial protein phosphorylation. We exemplify this with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH), which serves as a central metabolic switch in energy metabolism that is based on reversible phosphorylation. Phos-tag technology allows rapid monitoring of the metabolic state via simultaneous detection of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated species of the PDH core component Pda1. Our protocol can be applied for several further intra-organellar proteins like respiratory chain complexes or protein translocases of the inner membrane. SIGNIFICANCE: Our manuscript describes for the first time how Phos-tag technology can be applied to monitor phosphorylation of intramitochondrial proteins. We exemplify this with the regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex as central regulatory switch in energy metabolism. We show that our protocol allows a rapid monitoring of the metabolic state of the cell (phosphorylated PDH is inactive while non-phosphorylated PDH is active) and can be applied for rapid profiling of different metabolic conditions as well as for profiling phosphorylation of further intramitochondrial protein (complexes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Corvin Walter
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adinarayana Marada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chris Meisinger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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5
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Walter C, Marada A, Suhm T, Ernsberger R, Muders V, Kücükköse C, Sánchez-Martín P, Hu Z, Aich A, Loroch S, Solari FA, Poveda-Huertes D, Schwierzok A, Pommerening H, Matic S, Brix J, Sickmann A, Kraft C, Dengjel J, Dennerlein S, Brummer T, Vögtle FN, Meisinger C. Global kinome profiling reveals DYRK1A as critical activator of the human mitochondrial import machinery. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4284. [PMID: 34257281 PMCID: PMC8277783 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24426-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane TOM constitutes the organellar entry gate for nearly all precursor proteins synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes. Thus, TOM presents the ideal target to adjust the mitochondrial proteome upon changing cellular demands. Here, we identify that the import receptor TOM70 is targeted by the kinase DYRK1A and that this modification plays a critical role in the activation of the carrier import pathway. Phosphorylation of TOM70Ser91 by DYRK1A stimulates interaction of TOM70 with the core TOM translocase. This enables transfer of receptor-bound precursors to the translocation pore and initiates their import. Consequently, loss of TOM70Ser91 phosphorylation results in a strong decrease in import capacity of metabolite carriers. Inhibition of DYRK1A impairs mitochondrial structure and function and elicits a protective transcriptional response to maintain a functional import machinery. The DYRK1A-TOM70 axis will enable insights into disease mechanisms caused by dysfunctional DYRK1A, including autism spectrum disorder, microcephaly and Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corvin Walter
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adinarayana Marada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tamara Suhm
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Ernsberger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vera Muders
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cansu Kücükköse
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pablo Sánchez-Martín
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zehan Hu
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Abhishek Aich
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Loroch
- Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Poveda-Huertes
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schwierzok
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Henrike Pommerening
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stanka Matic
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Brix
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Claudine Kraft
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Dengjel
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sven Dennerlein
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tilman Brummer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium DKTK Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F-Nora Vögtle
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Chris Meisinger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Frankovsky J, Vozáriková V, Nosek J, Tomáška Ľ. Mitochondrial protein phosphorylation in yeast revisited. Mitochondrion 2021; 57:148-162. [PMID: 33412333 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is one of the best-known post-translational modifications occurring in all domains of life. In eukaryotes, protein phosphorylation affects all cellular compartments including mitochondria. High-throughput techniques of mass spectrometry combined with cell fractionation and biochemical methods yielded thousands of phospho-sites on hundreds of mitochondrial proteins. We have compiled the information on mitochondrial protein kinases and phosphatases and their substrates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and provide the current state-of-the-art overview of mitochondrial protein phosphorylation in this model eukaryote. Using several examples, we describe emerging features of the yeast mitochondrial phosphoproteome and present challenges lying ahead in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Frankovsky
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Vozáriková
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Nosek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľubomír Tomáška
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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