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Lamontagne F, Paz-Trejo C, Zamorano Cuervo N, Grandvaux N. Redox signaling in cell fate: Beyond damage. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119722. [PMID: 38615720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the nuanced role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell fate, challenging the traditional view that equates ROS with cellular damage. Through significant technological advancements in detecting localized redox states and identifying oxidized cysteines, a paradigm shift has emerged: from ROS as merely damaging agents to crucial players in redox signaling. We delve into the intricacies of redox mechanisms, which, although confined, exert profound influences on cellular physiological responses. Our analysis extends to both the positive and negative impacts of these mechanisms on cell death processes, including uncontrolled and programmed pathways. By unraveling these complex interactions, we argue against the oversimplified notion of a 'stress response', advocating for a more nuanced understanding of redox signaling. This review underscores the importance of localized redox states in determining cell fate, highlighting the sophistication and subtlety of ROS functions beyond mere damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lamontagne
- CRCHUM - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada
| | - Cynthia Paz-Trejo
- CRCHUM - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Québec, Canada
| | - Natalia Zamorano Cuervo
- CRCHUM - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- CRCHUM - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montréal H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Québec, Canada.
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Anjo SI, He Z, Hussain Z, Farooq A, McIntyre A, Laughton CA, Carvalho AN, Finelli MJ. Protein Oxidative Modifications in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Advances in Detection and Modelling to Their Use as Disease Biomarkers. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:681. [PMID: 38929122 PMCID: PMC11200609 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidation-reduction post-translational modifications (redox-PTMs) are chemical alterations to amino acids of proteins. Redox-PTMs participate in the regulation of protein conformation, localization and function, acting as signalling effectors that impact many essential biochemical processes in the cells. Crucially, the dysregulation of redox-PTMs of proteins has been implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This review aims to highlight the current gaps in knowledge in the field of redox-PTMs biology and to explore new methodological advances in proteomics and computational modelling that will pave the way for a better understanding of the role and therapeutic potential of redox-PTMs of proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we summarize the main types of redox-PTMs of proteins while providing examples of their occurrence in neurodegenerative diseases and an overview of the state-of-the-art methods used for their detection. We explore the potential of novel computational modelling approaches as essential tools to obtain insights into the precise role of redox-PTMs in regulating protein structure and function. We also discuss the complex crosstalk between various PTMs that occur in living cells. Finally, we argue that redox-PTMs of proteins could be used in the future as diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra I. Anjo
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Zhicheng He
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Zohaib Hussain
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Aruba Farooq
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alan McIntyre
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Charles A. Laughton
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Andreia Neves Carvalho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mattéa J. Finelli
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Salazar IL, Lourenço AST, Manadas B, Baldeiras I, Ferreira C, Teixeira AC, Mendes VM, Novo AM, Machado R, Batista S, Macário MDC, Grãos M, Sousa L, Saraiva MJ, Pais AACC, Duarte CB. Posttranslational modifications of proteins are key features in the identification of CSF biomarkers of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:44. [PMID: 35135578 PMCID: PMC8822857 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02404-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by demyelination and concomitant axonal loss. The lack of a single specific test, and the similarity to other inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system, makes it difficult to have a clear diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Therefore, laboratory tests that allows a clear and definite diagnosis, as well as to predict the different clinical courses of the disease are of utmost importance. Herein, we compared the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteome of patients with multiple sclerosis (in the relapse–remitting phase of the disease) and other diseases of the CNS (inflammatory and non-inflammatory) aiming at identifying reliable biomarkers of multiple sclerosis. Methods CSF samples from the discovery group were resolved by 2D-gel electrophoresis followed by identification of the protein spots by mass spectrometry. The results were analyzed using univariate (Student’s t test) and multivariate (Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Linear Discriminant Analysis) statistical and numerical techniques, to identify a set of protein spots that were differentially expressed in CSF samples from patients with multiple sclerosis when compared with other two groups. Validation of the results was performed in samples from a different set of patients using quantitative (e.g., ELISA) and semi-quantitative (e.g., Western Blot) experimental approaches. Results Analysis of the 2D-gels showed 13 protein spots that were differentially expressed in the three groups of patients: Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, Prostaglandin-H2-isomerase, Retinol binding protein 4, Transthyretin (TTR), Apolipoprotein E, Gelsolin, Angiotensinogen, Agrin, Serum albumin, Myosin-15, Apolipoprotein B-100 and EF-hand calcium-binding domain—containing protein. ELISA experiments allowed validating part of the results obtained in the proteomics analysis and showed that some of the alterations in the CSF proteome are also mirrored in serum samples from multiple sclerosis patients. CSF of multiple sclerosis patients was characterized by TTR oligomerization, thus highlighting the importance of analyzing posttranslational modifications of the proteome in the identification of novel biomarkers of the disease. Conclusions The model built based on the results obtained upon analysis of the 2D-gels and in the validation phase attained an accuracy of about 80% in distinguishing multiple sclerosis patients and the other two groups. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02404-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan L Salazar
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana S T Lourenço
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Baldeiras
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Ferreira
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela Claro Teixeira
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera M Mendes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Novo
- Neurology Department, CHUC-Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rita Machado
- Neurology Department, CHUC-Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sónia Batista
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Neurology Department, CHUC-Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria do Carmo Macário
- Neurology Department, CHUC-Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mário Grãos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Biocant-Associação de Transferência de Tecnologia, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Lívia Sousa
- Neurology Department, CHUC-Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Saraiva
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alberto A C C Pais
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos B Duarte
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Pham TK, Buczek WA, Mead RJ, Shaw PJ, Collins MO. Proteomic Approaches to Study Cysteine Oxidation: Applications in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:678837. [PMID: 34177463 PMCID: PMC8219902 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.678837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress appears to be a key feature of many neurodegenerative diseases either as a cause or consequence of disease. A range of molecules are subject to oxidation, but in particular, proteins are an important target and measure of oxidative stress. Proteins are subject to a range of oxidative modifications at reactive cysteine residues, and depending on the level of oxidative stress, these modifications may be reversible or irreversible. A range of experimental approaches has been developed to characterize cysteine oxidation of proteins. In particular, mass spectrometry-based proteomic methods have emerged as a powerful means to identify and quantify cysteine oxidation sites on a proteome scale; however, their application to study neurodegenerative diseases is limited to date. Here we provide a guide to these approaches and highlight the under-exploited utility of these methods to measure oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases for biomarker discovery, target engagement and to understand disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trong Khoa Pham
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Weronika A. Buczek
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Mead
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela J. Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mark O. Collins
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Tanaka M, Vécsei L. Monitoring the Redox Status in Multiple Sclerosis. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E406. [PMID: 33053739 PMCID: PMC7599550 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, over 2.2 million people suffer from multiple sclerosis (MS), a multifactorial demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. MS is characterized by a wide range of motor, autonomic, and psychobehavioral symptoms, including depression, anxiety, and dementia. The blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and postmortem brain samples of MS patients provide evidence on the disturbance of reduction-oxidation (redox) homeostasis, such as the alterations of oxidative and antioxidative enzyme activities and the presence of degradation products. This review article discusses the components of redox homeostasis, including reactive chemical species, oxidative enzymes, antioxidative enzymes, and degradation products. The reactive chemical species cover frequently discussed reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, infrequently featured reactive chemicals such as sulfur, carbonyl, halogen, selenium, and nucleophilic species that potentially act as reductive, as well as pro-oxidative stressors. The antioxidative enzyme systems cover the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) signaling pathway. The NRF2 and other transcriptional factors potentially become a biomarker sensitive to the initial phase of oxidative stress. Altered components of the redox homeostasis in MS were discussed in search of a diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and/or therapeutic biomarker. Finally, monitoring the battery of reactive chemical species, oxidative enzymes, antioxidative enzymes, and degradation products helps to evaluate the redox status of MS patients to expedite the building of personalized treatment plans for the sake of a better quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Tanaka
- MTA-SZTE, Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
- Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- MTA-SZTE, Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
- Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
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Ahuie GK, Gagnon H, Pace PE, Peskin AV, Wagner RJ, Naylor S, Klarskov K. Investigating protein thiol chemistry associated with dehydroascorbate, homocysteine and glutathione using mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8774. [PMID: 32119756 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Oxidative stress is an imbalance between reactive free radical oxygen species and antioxidant defenses. Its consequences can lead to numerous pathologies. Regulating oxidative stress is the complex interplay between antioxidant recycling and thiol-containing regulatory proteins. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is important for preventing onset of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigae S-thiol protein chemistry associated with oxidized vitamin C (dehydroascorbate, DHA), homocysteine (HcySH) and glutathione (GSH) using mass spectrometry. METHODS Glutaredoxin-1 (Grx-1) was incubated with DHA, with and without GSH and HcySH. Disulfide formation was followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) of intact proteins and by LC/ESI-MS/MS of peptides from protein tryptic digestions. The mechanism of DHA-mediated S-thiolation was investigated using two synthetic peptides: AcFHACAAK and AcFHACE. Three proteins, i.e. human hemoglobin (HHb), recombinant peroxiredoxin 2 (Prdx2) and Grx-1, were S-homocysteinylated followed by S-transthiolyation with GSH and investigated by ESI-MS and ESI-MS/MS. RESULTS ESI-MS analysis reveals that DHA mediates disulfide formation and S-thiolation by HcySH as well as GSH of Grx-1. LC/ESI-MS/MS analysis allows identification of Grx-1 S-thiolated cysteine adducts. The mechanism by which DHA mediates S-thiolation of heptapeptide AcFHACAAK is shown to be via initial formation of a thiohemiketal adduct. In addition, ESI-MS of intact proteins shows that GSH can S-transthiolate S-homocysteinylated Grx-1_ HHb and Prdx2. The GS-S-protein adducts over time dominate the ESI-MS spectrum profile. CONCLUSIONS Mass spectrometry is a unique analytical technique for probing complex reaction mechanisms associated with oxidative stress. Using model proteins, ESI-MS reveals the mechanism of DHA-facilitated S-thiolation, which consists of thiohemiketal formation, disulfide formation or S-thiolation. Furthermore, protein S-thiolation by HcySH can be reversed by reversible GSH thiol exchange. The use of mass spectrometry with in vitro models of protein S-thiolation in oxidative stress may provide significant insight into possible mechanisms of action occurring in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Kouakou Ahuie
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Hugo Gagnon
- PhenoSwitch Bioscience, 975 Rue Léon-Trépanier, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1G 5J6, Canada
| | - Paul E Pace
- Centre for Free Radical Research, University of Otago Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Alexander V Peskin
- Centre for Free Radical Research, University of Otago Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Richard J Wagner
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Stephen Naylor
- ReNeuroGen LLC, 2160 San Fernando Drive, Elm Grove, WI, 53122, USA
| | - Klaus Klarskov
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
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