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Zhao KN, Dimeski G, Masci P, Johnson L, Wang J, de Jersey J, Grant M, Lavin MF. Generation of Rapid and High-Quality Serum by Recombinant Prothrombin Activator Ecarin (RAPClot™). Biomolecules 2024; 14:645. [PMID: 38927049 PMCID: PMC11201583 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We recently reported the potential application of recombinant prothrombin activator ecarin (RAPClot™) in blood diagnostics. In a new study, we describe RAPClot™ as an additive to develop a novel blood collection prototype tube that produces the highest quality serum for accurate biochemical analyte determination. The drying process of the RAPClot™ tube generated minimal effect on the enzymatic activity of the prothrombin activator. According to the bioassays of thrombin activity and plasma clotting, γ-radiation (>25 kGy) resulted in a 30-40% loss of the enzymatic activity of the RAPClot™ tubes. However, a visual blood clotting assay revealed that the γ-radiation-sterilized RAPClot™ tubes showed a high capacity for clotting high-dose heparinized blood (8 U/mL) within 5 min. This was confirmed using Thrombelastography (TEG), indicating full clotting efficiency under anticoagulant conditions. The storage of the RAPClot™ tubes at room temperature (RT) for greater than 12 months resulted in the retention of efficient and effective clotting activity for heparinized blood in 342 s. Furthermore, the enzymatic activity of the RAPClot™ tubes sterilized with an electron-beam (EB) was significantly greater than that with γ-radiation. The EB-sterilized RAPClot™ tubes stored at RT for 251 days retained over 70% enzyme activity and clotted the heparinized blood in 340 s after 682 days. Preliminary clinical studies revealed in the two trials that 5 common analytes (K, Glu, lactate dehydrogenase (LD), Fe, and Phos) or 33 analytes determined in the second study in the γ-sterilized RAPClot™ tubes were similar to those in commercial tubes. In conclusion, the findings indicate that the novel RAPClot™ blood collection prototype tube has a significant advantage over current serum or lithium heparin plasma tubes for routine use in measuring biochemical analytes, confirming a promising application of RAPClot™ in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kong-Nan Zhao
- Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia (L.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Goce Dimeski
- Chemical Pathology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia;
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul Masci
- Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia (L.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Lambro Johnson
- Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia (L.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia (L.J.); (J.W.)
| | - John de Jersey
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Michael Grant
- Q-Sera Pty Ltd., Level 9, 31 Queen St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Martin F. Lavin
- Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia (L.J.); (J.W.)
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
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Kolesnichenko AV, Kazmina NA, Chistov AA, Vakhrenev RG, Kolesanova EF. Influence of amino acid and N-terminal protection residue structures on peptide p-nitroanilide adsorption on polystyrene-based support. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1137-1140. [PMID: 37450048 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene-based support Bio-Beads® SM-2 was employed for desalting peptide-p-nitroanilides from Oxone®. Neither tosyl, 9-fluorenyl(methoxycarbonyl), p-nitroanilide groups nor indolyl or p-hydroxyphenyl side-chains of Trp and Tyr ensured an efficient adsorption of peptide-p-nitroanilides onto Bio-Beads® SM-2. Only unsubstituted phenyl-containing protection groups (carbobenzoxy or benzoyl) and Phe residues provided the adsorption of peptides on Bio-Beads® SM-2 and their efficient desalting. This support is well suitable for multiple parallel phenyl group-containing peptide derivative separations and high-throughput screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalia A Kazmina
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/8, Pogodinskaya ul., Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Alexey A Chistov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/8, Pogodinskaya ul., Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Roman G Vakhrenev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/8, Pogodinskaya ul., Moscow, 119121, Russia
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Zhao KN, Masci P, Dimeski G, Johnson L, Grant M, de Jersey J, Lavin MF. Potential Application of Recombinant Snake Prothrombin Activator Ecarin in Blood Diagnostics. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1704. [PMID: 36421717 PMCID: PMC9687618 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe here the purification and cloning of a codon-optimized form of the snake prothrombin activator ecarin from the saw scaled viper (Echis carinatus) expressed in mammalian cells. Expression of recombinant ecarin (rEcarin) was carried out in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK) cells under conditions for the development and performance of a novel and scalable recombinant snake ecarin to industry standards. Clotting performance of the rEcarin was established in recalcified citrated whole blood, plasma, and fresh whole blood and found to be comparable to native ecarin (N-Ecarin). Furthermore, hemolysis was observed with N-Ecarin at relatively high doses in both recalcified citrated and fresh whole blood, while clotting was not observed with rEcarin, providing an important advantage for the recombinant form. In addition, rEcarin effectively clotted both recalcified citrated whole blood and fresh whole blood containing different anticoagulants including heparin, warfarin, dabigatran, Fondaparinux, rivaroxaban and apixaban, forming firm clots in the blood collection tubes. These results demonstrate that rEcarin efficiently clots normal blood as well as blood spiked with high concentrations of anticoagulants and has great potential as an additive to blood collection tubes to produce high quality serum for analyte analysis in diagnostic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kong-Nan Zhao
- Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, St Lucia Campus, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research-Venomics Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul Masci
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research-Venomics Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Goce Dimeski
- Chemical Pathology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia Campus, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lambro Johnson
- Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, St Lucia Campus, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michael Grant
- Q-Sera Pty Ltd., Level 9, 31 Queen St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - John de Jersey
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia Campus, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Martin F. Lavin
- Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, St Lucia Campus, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Research, RBWH Campus, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
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