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Slavić MŠ, Kojić M, Margetić A, Stanisavljević N, Gardijan L, Božić N, Vujčić Z. Highly stable and versatile α-amylase from Anoxybacillus vranjensis ST4 suitable for various applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126055. [PMID: 37524287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
α-Amylase from the thermophilic bacterial strain Anoxybacillus vranjensis ST4 (AVA) was cloned into the pMALc5HisEk expression vector and successfully expressed and purified from the Escherichia coli ER2523 host strain. AVA belongs to the GH13_5 subfamily of glycoside hydrolases and has 7 conserved sequence regions (CSRs) distributed in three distinct domains (A, B, C). In addition, there is a starch binding domain (SBD) from the CBM20 family of carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs). AVA is a monomer of 66 kDa that achieves maximum activity at 60-80 °C and is active and stable over a wide pH range (4.0-9.0). AVA retained 50 % of its activity after 31 h of incubation at 60 °C and was resistant to a large number of denaturing agents. It hydrolyzed starch granules very efficiently, releasing maltose, maltotriose and maltopentaose as the main products. The hydrolysis rates of raw corn, wheat, horseradish, and potato starch, at a concentration of 10 %, were 87.8, 85.9, 93.0, and 58 %, respectively, at pH 8.5 over a 3 h period. This study showed that the high level of expression as well as the properties of this highly stable and versatile enzyme show all the prerequisites for successful application in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinela Šokarda Slavić
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department of Chemistry, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Milan Kojić
- Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", Belgrade, Republic of Serbia; University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Margetić
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department of Chemistry, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Nemanja Stanisavljević
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Lazar Gardijan
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Nataša Božić
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department of Chemistry, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Zoran Vujčić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
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2
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Mechanical Properties of Protein-Based Hydrogels Derived from Binary Protein Mixtures-A Feasibility Study. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040964. [PMID: 36850249 PMCID: PMC9964579 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels based on natural polymers such as proteins are considered biocompatible and, therefore, represent an interesting class of materials for application in the field of biomedicine and high-performance materials. However, there is a lack of understanding of the proteins which are able to form hydrogel networks by photoinduced dityrosine crosslinking as well as a profound knowledge of the formed network itself and the mechanisms which are responsible for the resulting mechanical properties of such protein-based hydrogels. In this study, casein, bovine serum albumin, α-amylase, and a hydrophobic elastin-like protein were used to prepare binary protein mixtures with defined concentration ratios. After polymerization, the mechanical properties of the resulting homopolymeric and copolymeric hydrogels were determined using rheological methods depending on the protein shares used. In additional uniaxial compression tests, the fracture strain was shown to be independent of the protein shares, while hydrogel toughness and compressive strength were increased for protein-based hydrogels containing casein.
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3
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Zhang H, Zhai W, Lin L, Wang P, Xu X, Wei W, Wei D. In Silico Rational Design and Protein Engineering of Disulfide Bridges of an α‐Amylase from
Geobacillus
sp. to Improve Thermostability. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202000274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering Newworld Institute of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Wenxin Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering Newworld Institute of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Lin Lin
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Shanghai 200093 P. R. China
- Research Laboratory for Functional Nanomaterial National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- Weigao Shanghai R&D Center Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Zaozhuang jie nuo enzyme co. ltd Zaozhuang 277100 P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering Newworld Institute of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering Newworld Institute of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
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4
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Kikani BA, Singh SP. Amylases from thermophilic bacteria: structure and function relationship. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:325-341. [PMID: 34420464 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1940089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Amylases hydrolyze starch to diverse products including dextrins and progressively smaller polymers of glucose units. Thermally stable amylases account for nearly 25% of the enzyme market. This review highlights the structural attributes of the α-amylases from thermophilic bacteria. Heterologous expression of amylases in suitable hosts is discussed in detail. Further, specific value maximization approaches, such as protein engineering and immobilization of the amylases are discussed in order to improve its suitability for varied applications on a commercial scale. The review also takes into account of the immobilization of the amylases on nanomaterials to increase the stability and reusability of the enzymes. The function-based metagenomics would provide opportunities for searching amylases with novel characteristics. The review is expected to explore novel amylases for future potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavtosh A Kikani
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India.,P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, India
| | - Satya P Singh
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India
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5
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Song Y, Sun K, Liu R. An exploration of the interaction mechanism of Direct Red 80 with α-Amylase at the molecular level. J Mol Recognit 2020; 34:e2883. [PMID: 33331039 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The use and production of Direct Red 80 (DR80) dye are growing rapidly, and a large amount of dye wastewater is discharged into the soil without treatment. DR80 accumulated in soil or sludge can lead to enzyme poisoning, inhibit microbial activity, and affect the transformation of substances in the soil. In this research, the interaction mechanism between DR80 and α-Amylase (a typical enzyme in soil and sludge) was investigated by multi-spectra, molecular docking, thermodynamics analysis and enzyme activity experiment. The results of UV-visible and resonance light scattering (RLS) spectra showed that the skeleton of α-Amylase became loosened and unfolded under the exposure of Direct Red. The size of α-Amylase was smaller and α-Amylase became dispersed under high concentration of DR80. Molecular docking and thermodynamic analysis showed that DR80 bound to the surface of domain A rather than the active site of α-Amylase in the form of hydrogen bonds, and the binding process was an exothermic reaction. In addition, the inhibition of α-Amylase activity by DR80 was verified by enzyme activity experiment. These results indicate that DR80 has an effect on the structure and function of α-Amylase at molecular level, which means that the toxicity of DR80 should receive more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Kailun Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Qingdao, China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Qingdao, China
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6
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Sun K, Song Y, Liu Z, Jing M, Wan J, Tang J, Liu R. Toxicity assessment of Fluoranthene, Benz(a)anthracene and its mixed pollution in soil: Studies at the molecular and animal levels. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110864. [PMID: 32610224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An increasing amount of Fluoranthene (Fla) and Benz(a)anthracene (BaA) is being produced and used, eventually entering the soil sediments. The accumulation of Fla and BaA will cause poisoning to typical enzymes (α-Amylase) and organisms (Eisenia fetida) in soil. However, the studies about exploring and comparing the different effects of Fla, BaA and their joint effect at different levels are rarely reported. In this paper, the different effects of Fla, BaA and their mixed pollutant on α-Amylase were evaluated and compared at the molecular level, and the effect of Fla-BaA to the antioxidant system of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) was investigated from the aspects of concentration and exposure time at the animal level. The results showed that Fla-BaA had the greatest influence on the skeleton structure and the microenvironment of amino acid residue of α-Amylase compared to Fla and BaA, and in the mixed pollutant system, the joint effect mode was additive mode. The inhibitory effect of Fla-BaA on the activity of α-Amylase was also stronger than that of the system alone. The assays at the animal level showed that low concentrations (below 5 mg/kg) of Fla-BaA increased the activity of GSH-Px and SOD while high concentrations inhibited their activity. The POD that was activated throughout the experiment period suggested its key role in the earthworm antioxidant system. Changes in T-AOC and MDA showed that long-term and high-dose of Fla-BaA exposure inhibited the antioxidant capacity of Eisenia fetida, causing lipid peroxidation and damage to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailun Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China
| | - Yan Song
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250022, PR China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Yanzhou District branch of Jining Ecological Environment Bureau, No. 159, Wenhua East Road, Yanzhou District, Jining City, Shandong Province, 272100, PR China
| | - Mingyang Jing
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China
| | - Jingqiang Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China
| | - Jingchun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China.
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Liao SM, Shen NK, Liang G, Lu B, Lu ZL, Peng LX, Zhou F, Du LQ, Wei YT, Zhou GP, Huang RB. Inhibition of α-amylase Activity by Zn2+: Insights from Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Med Chem 2019; 15:510-520. [DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666181217114101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background:Inhibition of α-amylase activity is an important strategy in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. An important treatment for diabetes mellitus is to reduce the digestion of carbohydrates and blood glucose concentrations. Inhibiting the activity of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes such as α-amylase and glucosidase significantly decreases the blood glucose level. Most inhibitors of α-amylase have serious adverse effects, and the α-amylase inactivation mechanisms for the design of safer inhibitors are yet to be revealed.Objective:In this study, we focused on the inhibitory effect of Zn2+ on the structure and dynamic characteristics of α-amylase from Anoxybacillus sp. GXS-BL (AGXA), which shares the same catalytic residues and similar structures as human pancreatic and salivary α-amylase (HPA and HSA, respectively).Methods:Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the protein (AGXA) in the absence and presence of Zn2+ were recorded on a Chirascan instrument. The content of different secondary structures of AGXA in the absence and presence of Zn2+ was analyzed using the online SELCON3 program. An AGXA amino acid sequence similarity search was performed on the BLAST online server to find the most similar protein sequence to use as a template for homology modeling. The pocket volume measurer (POVME) program 3.0 was applied to calculate the active site pocket shape and volume, and molecular dynamics simulations were performed with the Amber14 software package.Results:According to circular dichroism experiments, upon Zn2+ binding, the protein secondary structure changed obviously, with the α-helix content decreasing and β-sheet, β-turn and randomcoil content increasing. The structural model of AGXA showed that His217 was near the active site pocket and that Phe178 was at the outer rim of the pocket. Based on the molecular dynamics trajectories, in the free AGXA model, the dihedral angle of C-CA-CB-CG displayed both acute and planar orientations, which corresponded to the open and closed states of the active site pocket, respectively. In the AGXA-Zn model, the dihedral angle of C-CA-CB-CG only showed the planar orientation. As Zn2+ was introduced, the metal center formed a coordination interaction with H217, a cation-π interaction with W244, a coordination interaction with E242 and a cation-π interaction with F178, which prevented F178 from easily rotating to the open state and inhibited the activity of the enzyme.Conclusion:This research may have uncovered a subtle mechanism for inhibiting the activity of α-amylase with transition metal ions, and this finding will help to design more potent and specific inhibitors of α-amylases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ming Liao
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Nai-Kun Shen
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, Guangxi, 530008, China
| | - Ge Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Bo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Zhi-Long Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Li-Xin Peng
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Li-Qin Du
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Yu-Tuo Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Guo-Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Ri-Bo Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
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8
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Modification of chitosan-bead support materials with L-lysine and L-asparagine for α-amylase immobilization. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 41:423-434. [PMID: 29222588 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Maltose syrups have got wide-range utilizations in a variety of applications from bakery to drug-development. α-Amylases are among the most widely utilized industrial enzymes due to their high specificity in production of maltose syrup from starch. However, enzymes are not stable in ex vivo conditions towards alteration in pH, temperature, and such other parameters as high salt concentrations and impurities, where immobilization is required to advance the stability of the enzyme with which approach the requirement of isolation of the enzyme from media is eliminated as well. In this study, Termamyl® α-amylase was immobilized on the none-modified chitosan beads (NMCB), L-lysine-modified chitosan beads (LMCB), and L-asparagine-modified chitosan beads (AMCB) to assess effects of the support material on optimum conditions and kinetic parameters of the α-amylase activity in production of maltose from starch. Immobilization on NMCB, LMCB, and AMCB puts a strong influence on optimum pH, optimum temperature, stability, and kinetic parameters of α-amylase. Modification of chitosan beads with L-lysine and L-asparagine dramatically altered the overall immobilization yield, and enzyme's response to pH and temperature variations and the kinetic parameters. AMCB provided the best immobilization yield (49%), while LMCB only improved the yield by 2% from 22 to 24%.
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9
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Sindhu R, Binod P, Madhavan A, Beevi US, Mathew AK, Abraham A, Pandey A, Kumar V. Molecular improvements in microbial α-amylases for enhanced stability and catalytic efficiency. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:1740-1748. [PMID: 28478894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
α-Amylases is one of the most important industrial enzyme which contributes to 25% of the industrial enzyme market. Though it is produced by plant, animals and microbial source, those from microbial source seems to have potential applications due to their stability and economic viability. However a large number of α-amylases from different sources have been detailed in the literature, only few numbers of them could withstand the harsh industrial conditions. Thermo-stability, pH tolerance, calcium independency and oxidant stability and starch hydrolyzing efficiency are the crucial qualities for α-amylase in starch based industries. Microbes can be genetically modified and fine tuning can be done for the production of enzymes with desired characteristics for specific applications. This review focuses on the native and recombinant α-amylases from microorganisms, their heterologous production and the recent molecular strategies which help to improve the properties of this industrial enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveendran Sindhu
- Centre for Biofuels, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India.
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Centre for Biofuels, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Centre for Biofuels, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India; Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Trivandrum 695 014, India
| | - Ummalyma Sabeela Beevi
- Centre for Biofuels, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India; Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal 795 001, India
| | - Anil Kuruvilla Mathew
- Centre for Biofuels, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Amith Abraham
- Centre for Biofuels, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Biofuels, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India; Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab, India
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Functional characterization and crystal structure of thermostable amylase from Thermotoga petrophila , reveals high thermostability and an unusual form of dimerization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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11
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Hou G, Zhang R, Hao X, Liu C. An exploration of the effect and interaction mechanism of bisphenol A on waste sludge hydrolysis with multi-spectra, isothermal titration microcalorimetry and molecule docking. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 333:32-41. [PMID: 28340387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An increasing amount of bisphenol A (BPA) is being produced and used, then discharged into sewage treatment plants and accumulated in sludge or soil, when the sludge is used as fertilizer. Accumulation of BPA in sludge or soil causes poisoning to the enzyme, which affects the biological treatment of sludge and the circulation and conversion of materials in soil. In this research, effect of BPA on sludge hydrolysis is studied from the respect of concentration and components of soluble organic matter in sludge, using three-dimensional fluorescence spectra. In order to illuminate the interaction mechanism, toxic effect of BPA on α-Amylase (a model of hydrolase in sludge) is investigated with multi-spectra, isothermal titration microcalorimetry and molecule docking at the molecular level. Results show that the secondary structure of α-Amylase and the microenvironment of amino acid residue in α-Amylase are changed. The molecular docking study and ITC results show that hydrophobic bond and hydrogen bond exist in the interaction between BPA and α-Amylase. Based on the above analysis and enzyme activity assay, sludge hydrolysis is inhibited due to the denaturation of α-Amylase with BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Hou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, China
| | - Chunguang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, China.
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12
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Dey TB, Kumar A, Banerjee R, Chandna P, Kuhad RC. Improvement of microbial α-amylase stability: Strategic approaches. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Acer Ö, Bekler FM, Pirinççioğlu H, Güven RG, Güven K. Purification and Characterization of Thermostable and Detergent-Stable α-Amylase from Anoxybacillus sp. AH1. Food Technol Biotechnol 2016; 54:70-77. [PMID: 27904395 PMCID: PMC5105632 DOI: 10.17133/ftb.54.01.16.4122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 09/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A thermostable and detergent-stable α-amylase from a newly isolated Anoxybacillus sp. AH1 was purified and characterized. Maximum enzyme production (1874.8 U/mL) was obtained at 24 h of incubation. The amylase was purified by using Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, after which an 18-fold increase in specific activity and a yield of 9% were achieved. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated at 85 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The optimum pH and temperature values of the enzyme were 7.0 and 60 °C, respectively. The enzyme was highly stable in the presence of 30% glycerol, retaining 85% of its original activity at 60 °C within 120 min. Km and vmax values were 0.102 µmol and 0.929 µmol/min, respectively, using Lineweaver-Burk plot. The enzyme activity was increased by various detergents, but it was significantly inhibited in the presence of urea. Mg2+ and Ca2+ also significantly activated α-amylase, while Zn2+, Cu2+ and metal ion chelators ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) greatly inhibited the enzyme activity. α-Amylase activity was enhanced by β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) and dithiothreitol (DTT) to a great extent, but inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoic acid (PCMB). Iodoacetamide (IAA) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) had a slight, whereas phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) had a strong inhibitory effect on the amylase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Acer
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Department, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, TR-21280 Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Fatma Matpan Bekler
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Department, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, TR-21280 Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Hemşe Pirinççioğlu
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Department, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, TR-21280 Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Gül Güven
- Division of Science Teaching, Ziya Gökalp Faculty of Education, Dicle University, TR-21280 Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Kemal Güven
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Department, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, TR-21280 Diyarbakır, Turkey
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14
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Does Recovery in the Spectral Characteristics of GdnHCl-DenaturedBacillus licheniformisα-Amylase Due to Added Calcium Point towards Protein Stabilization? Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 77:87-96. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Xie F, Quan S, Liu D, Ma H, Li F, Zhou F, Chen G. Purification and characterization of a novel α-amylase from a newly isolated Bacillus methylotrophicus strain P11-2. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Yadav JK. A differential behavior of α-amylase, in terms of catalytic activity and thermal stability, in response to higher concentration CaCl2. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:146-52. [PMID: 22542853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A differential relationship was observed between thermal stability and catalytic activity of α-amylase in the presence of different concentrations of CaCl(2). The enzyme displays optimum catalytic activity in the presence of 1.0-2.0 mM CaCl(2). Further addition of CaCl(2) leads to inhibition of the enzyme, however, at the same time the enzyme gains an additional resistance against thermal denaturation. It was evident that the enzyme is thermodynamically more stable (compared to the active enzyme) in the presence of inhibitory concentration of CaCl(2). For example, the thermal transition temperature (T(m)) of optimally active α-amylase was found to be 64±1°C, whereas, for the less active enzyme (in the presence 10 mM CaCl(2)) the value was determined to be 71±1°C. Similarly, the activation energy of thermal inactivation (Ea) was found to be 228±12 kJ/mol and 291±15 kJ/mol for the optimally active enzyme and the enzyme in the presence of 10 mM CaCl(2), respectively. Biophysical analysis of different states of the enzymes in response to variable calcium level indicates no significant change in the secondary structure in response to different concentration of CaCl(2), however the less active but thermodynamically stable enzyme (in the presence of higher concentration of CaCl(2)) was shown to have relatively more compact structure. The results suggest that the enzyme has separate catalytic and structure stabilizing domains and they significantly vary in their functional attributes in response to calcium level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Kant Yadav
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India.
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17
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Biophysical Characterization of a Recombinant α-Amylase from Thermophilic Bacillus sp. strain TS-23. Protein J 2010; 29:572-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-010-9287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Kumari A, Rosenkranz T, Kayastha AM, Fitter J. The effect of calcium binding on the unfolding barrier: A kinetic study on homologous α-amylases. Biophys Chem 2010; 151:54-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Monsan P, O'Donohue MJ. Industrial Biotechnology in the Food and Feed Sector. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527630233.ch10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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20
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Kubrak OI, Storey JM, Storey KB, Lushchak VI. Production and properties of α-amylase fromBacillussp. BKL20. Can J Microbiol 2010; 56:279-88. [DOI: 10.1139/w10-014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As a result of screening Bacillus sp. strains isolated from different natural substrates, strain BKL20 was identified as a producer of a thermostable alkaline α-amylase. Maximum production of this α-amylase was achieved by optimizing culture conditions. Production of α-amylase seemed to be independent of the presence of starch in the culture medium and was stimulated by the presence of peptone (0.3%, m/v) and yeast extract (0.2%, m/v). The enzyme was thermostable and retained amylolytic activity after 30 min of incubation at 60 and 70 °C. High activity was maintained over a broad pH range, from 6.0 to 11.0, and the enzyme remained active after alkaline incubation for 24 h. Bacillus sp. BKL20 α-amylase was not stimulated by Ca2+or other bivalent metal cations and was not inhibited by EGTA or EDTA at 1–10 mmol/L, suggesting that this α-amylase is a Ca2+-independent enzyme. It also showed good resistance to both oxidizing (H2O2) and denaturating (urea) agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha I. Kubrak
- Department of Biochemistry, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Street, Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Janet M. Storey
- Department of Biochemistry, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Street, Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Kenneth B. Storey
- Department of Biochemistry, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Street, Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Volodymyr I. Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Street, Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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Strucksberg K, Rosenkranz T, Fitter J. Reversible and irreversible unfolding of multi-domain proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2007; 1774:1591-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Revised: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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