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Jiang C, Tang Y, Ding L, Tan R, Li X, Lu J, Jiang J, Cui Z, Tang Z, Li W, Cao Z, Schneider-Poetsch T, Jiang W, Luo C, Ding Y, Liu J, Dang Y. Targeting the N Terminus of eIF4AI for Inhibition of Its Catalytic Recycling. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:1417-1426.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wan M, Zhang L, Chen Y, Li Q, Fan W, Xue Q, Yan F, Song W. Synthesis and Anticancer Activity Evaluation of Novel Phenanthridine Derivatives. Front Oncol 2019; 9:274. [PMID: 31058081 PMCID: PMC6478010 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the structure of sanguinarine, fourteen phenanthridine derivatives were designed and synthesized in the current study. The cytotoxic activities of synthesized compounds were evaluated against five human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, PC3, Hela, A549, and HepG2 cell lines) via MTT assay. Among all the compounds tested, molecule 8a exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells with a IC50 value of 0.28 μM. A following up enzymatic assay indicated that compound 8a could inhibit the activity of DNA topoisomerase I/II. Further mechanistic studies performed in the MCF-7 cell line revealed that compound 8a could arrest cell cycle in S phase and induce cell apoptosis via downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax. Collectively, a potent DNA topoisomerase inhibitor (8a) was discovered, which exhibited potential as a candidate chemotherapeutic agent for the management of tumors in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Wenli Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Qingxia Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Fang Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Weiguo Song
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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Kirsanov KI, Vlasova OA, Fetisov TI, Zenkov RG, Lesovaya EA, Belitsky GA, Gurova K, Yakubovskaya MG. Influence of DNA-binding compounds with cancer preventive activity on the mechanisms of gene expression regulation. ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.17650/2313-805x-2018-5-4-41-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. I. Kirsanov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia; Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
| | - O. A. Vlasova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - T. I. Fetisov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - R. G. Zenkov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - E. A. Lesovaya
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia; I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University
| | - G. A. Belitsky
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | | | - M. G. Yakubovskaya
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
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Cao FJ, Xu MX, Zhou BH, Du YS, Yao JH, Zhou L. Effects of 2-aryl-1-cyano-1,2,3,4-tetrohydroisoquinolines on apoptosis induction mechanism in NB4 and MKN-45 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 54:295-303. [PMID: 30342220 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study found that 2-aryl-1-cyano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines (CATHIQs) have excellent anti-cancer activity and obvious apoptosis induction phenomenon. As our continuing research, this study further explored their underlying molecular mechanism of apoptosis induction in cancer cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the NB4 cells treated by 1-cyano-2-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline or the MKN-45 cells treated by 1-cyano-2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline for 48 h were at early stage of apoptosis, and the cell cycle arrest was only slightly affected. Apoptosis rates of the cells significantly increase with the treatment concentration of the compounds. The compounds could significantly decrease the activities of SOD, raise the MDA level and promote the LDH leakage, suggesting that the excessive formation of ROS should be involved in the cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis showed that the compounds improved both Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleavages of procaspase-3, promoted efflux of cytochrome c to cytosol and phosphorylation of p38 and JNK, and attenuated phosphorylations of Akt and ERK. Together, inhibitions of PI3K/Akt and ERK and activation of p38 mediated the compounds-induced apoptosis through modulating the mitochondrial pathway and/or ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Jun Cao
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ming-Xuan Xu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bo-Hang Zhou
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yi-Si Du
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jun-Hu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Le Zhou
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Saeed MEM, Mahmoud N, Sugimoto Y, Efferth T, Abdel-Aziz H. Molecular Determinants of Sensitivity or Resistance of Cancer Cells Toward Sanguinarine. Front Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29535628 PMCID: PMC5834429 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, natural products represented a significant source of diverse and unique bioactive lead compounds in drug discovery field. In Clinical oncology, complete tumors remission is hampered by the development of drug-resistance. Therefore, development of cytotoxic agents that may overcome drug resistance is urgently needed. Here, the natural benzophenanthridine alkaloid sanguinarine has been studied for its cytotoxic activity against multidrug resistance (MDR) cancer cells. We investigated the role of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters BCRP/ABCG2, P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 and its close relative ABCB5 in drug resistance. Further drug resistance mechanisms analyzed in this study were the tumor suppressor TP53 and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Multidrug resistant cells overexpressing BCRP, ABCB5 and mutated ΔEGFR were not cross-resistant toward sanguinarine. Interestingly, P-gp overexpressing cells were hypersensitive to sanguinarine. Doxorubicin uptake assay carried by flow cytometry revealed that sanguinarine is a potent inhibitor of the P-gp transporter. Moreover, immunoblotting analysis proved that P-gp was downregulated in a dose dependent manner after treating P-gp overexpressing cells with sanguinarine. It was surmised that The inhibition of NFκB activity might explain the collateral sensitivity in CEM/ADR5000 cells. The COMPARE and hierarchical cluster analyses of transcriptome-wide expression profiles of tumor cell lines of the National Cancer Institute identified genes involved in various cellular processes (immune response, inflammation signaling, cell migration and microtubule formation) significantly correlated with log10IC50 values for sanguinarine. In conclusion, sanguinarine may have therapeutic potential for treating multidrug resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nuha Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yoshikazu Sugimoto
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heba Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Medical and Clinical Affairs Phytomedicines, Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH, Bayer Consumer Health, Darmstadt, Germany
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Galadari S, Rahman A, Pallichankandy S, Thayyullathil F. Molecular targets and anticancer potential of sanguinarine-a benzophenanthridine alkaloid. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 34:143-153. [PMID: 28899497 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is an enormous global health burden, and should be effectively addressed with better therapeutic strategies. Currently, over 60% of the clinically approved anticancer agents are either directly isolated from natural sources or are modified from natural lead molecules. Sanguinarine (SNG), a quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloid has gained increasing attention in recent years as a potential anticancer agent. PURPOSE There is a large untapped source of phytochemical-based anticancer agents remaining to be explored. This review article aims to recapitulate different anticancer properties of SNG, and describes some of the molecular targets involved in exerting its effect. It also depicts the pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties of SNG, two parameters important in determining the druggability of a molecule. METHODS Numerous in vivo and in vitro published studies have signified the anticancer properties of SNG. In order to collate and decipher these properties, an extensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus using keywords followed by the evaluation of the relevant articles where the relevant reports are integrated and analyzed. RESULTS Apart from inducing cell death, SNG inhibits pro-tumorigenic processes such as invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis in different cancers. Moreover, SNG has been shown to synergistically enhance the sensitivity of several chemotherapeutic agents and is effective against a variety of multi-drug resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehamuddin Galadari
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science (Biology), Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Anees Rahman
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science (Biology), Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Siraj Pallichankandy
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science (Biology), Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Faisal Thayyullathil
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science (Biology), Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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Basu P, Kumar GS. Sanguinarine and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 928:155-172. [PMID: 27671816 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of natural products derived from plants as medicines precedes even the recorded human history. In the past few years there were renewed interests in developing natural compounds and understanding their target specificity for drug development for many devastating human diseases. This has been possible due to remarkable advancements in the development of sensitive chemistry and biology tools. Sanguinarine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid derived from rhizomes of the plant species Sanguinaria canadensis. The alkaloid can exist in the cationic iminium and neutral alkanolamine forms. Sanguinarine is an excellent DNA and RNA intercalator where only the iminium ion binds. Both forms of the alkaloid, however, shows binding to functional proteins like serum albumins, lysozyme and hemoglobin. The molecule is endowed with remarkable biological activities and large number of studies on its various activities has been published potentiating its development as a therapeutic agent particularly for chronic human diseases like cancer, asthma, etc. In this article, we review the properties of this natural alkaloid, and its diverse medicinal applications in relation to how it modulates cell death signaling pathways and induce apoptosis through different ways, its utility as a therapeutic agent for chronic diseases and its biological effects in animal and human models. These data may be useful to understand the therapeutic potential of this important and highly abundant alkaloid that may aid in the development of sanguinarine-based therapeutic agents with high efficacy and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Basu
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Gopinatha Suresh Kumar
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Żabka A, Winnicki K, Polit JT, Maszewski J. Sanguinarine-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis-like programmed cell death(AL-PCD) in root meristem cells of Allium cepa. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 112:193-206. [PMID: 28088021 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A vast number of studies on plant cell systems clearly indicate that various biotic and abiotic stresses give rise to the uncontrolled increase in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excess concentrations of ROS result in damage to proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and DNA, which may lead, in consequence, to the apoptotic cell death. The current study investigates the effects of sanguinarine (SAN), a natural alkaloid derived from the roots of Sanguinaria canadensis, on root apical meristem cells of Allium cepa. It is shown that SAN treatment generated large amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2·-). Oxidative stress induced in SAN-treated cells was correlated with DNA fragmentation, formation of micronuclei (MN), altered and 'degenerated' chromatin structures characteristic of apoptosis-like programmed cell death (AL-PCD). The experiments with SAN + MG132 (a proteasome inhibitor engaged in Topo II-mediated formation of cleavable complexes) and SAN + ascorbic acid (AA; H2O2 scavenger) seem to suggest, however, that the high level of H2O2 is not the only factor responsible for changes observed at the chromatin level and for the consequent cell death. Our findings imply that Topo II-DNA covalent complexes and 26S proteasomes are also involved in SAN-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Żabka
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Konrad Winnicki
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Justyna Teresa Polit
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Janusz Maszewski
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland.
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Sanguinarine suppresses IgE induced inflammatory responses through inhibition of type II PtdIns 4-kinase(s). Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 537:192-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Hammerová J, Uldrijan S, Táborská E, Slaninová I. Benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids exhibit strong anti-proliferative activity in malignant melanoma cells regardless of their p53 status. J Dermatol Sci 2011; 62:22-35. [PMID: 21324654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Search for new substances with antiproliferative activity towards melanoma cells is important since malignant melanoma is notoriously resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids (BAs) are natural products with significant anti-proliferative activities, therefore they are considered as agents promising for cancer therapy. OBJECTIVES The effects of five BAs (sanguinarine, chelerythrine, chelidonine, sanguilutine, and chelilutine) on human malignant melanoma cell lines were compared. The study focused on BAs effects on DNA, anti-apoptotic and p53 protein levels; and the involvement of p53 in cellular responses to alkaloids treatment. METHODS Melanoma cell lines, two wild types and two with dysfunctional p53 derived from one of them were used. The mechanism of anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects and the effect on DNA was investigated using MTT assay, flow cytometry, Western blot analysis, fluorescence and electron microscopy. RESULTS All tested alkaloids exhibit strong anti-proliferative activity. CHL, CHE and SA induced apoptosis, which was probably mediated by decreasing levels of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, XIAP) and was accompanied by mitochondrial membrane potential decrease as well as caspase-3 and PARP cleavage. Although all alkaloids caused DNA damage, which was demonstrated by induction of H2AX phosphorylation, none of the tested alkaloids stabilised p53 and their toxicity in cells with non-functional p53 was comparable to wild type cells. CONCLUSION Despite the profound similarity of BAs molecular structures, it is clear that the mechanism of cell death induction is different for each alkaloid. Our results indicate that BAs could be effective in malignant melanoma treatment, including tumours which have lost wild type p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindřiška Hammerová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A16, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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Chen Z, Huang X, Yang H, Ding W, Gao L, Ye Z, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Lou Y. Anti-tumor effects of B-2, a novel 2,3-disubstituted 8-arylamino-3H-imidazo[4,5-g]quinazoline derivative, on the human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line in vitro and in vivo. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 189:90-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Cytotoxic activity of sanguinarine and dihydrosanguinarine in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:580-8. [PMID: 19346183 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Cloning and characterization of a novel intracellular protein p48.2 that negatively regulates cell cycle progression. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 41:2240-50. [PMID: 19427400 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) microdeletion is a large genomic deletion that embraces at least 11 continuous genes at human chromosome 17q11.2. To date, most of these genes' functions still remain undefined. In this study, we report an unknown cytokine receptor like molecule (p48.2) that is frequently deleted in patients with type-1 and type-2 NF1 microdeletions in the neurofibromin locus. The cloned gene has 1317 base pair long that encodes a 438aa intracellular protein. The gene was subsequently named p48.2 based on its predicted molecular weight. A typical fibronectin type III (FNIII) domain was identified in p48.2 between Arg(176) and Pro(261) in which a palindromic Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) repeat plus a putative Trp-Ser-X-Trp-Ser (WSXWS) motif were found at the domain's C-terminus. p48.2 mRNAs were abundant in many tumor cell lines and normal human tissues and up-regulated in some freshly isolated lung cancer and leukemia cells. Interestingly, over-expression of p48.2 in human embryo kidney 293T cells could significantly cause G0/G1 arrest and prevented S phase entry. In contrast, repressing endogenous p48.2 gene expression by specific siRNA markedly reduced G0/G1 population. Importantly, over-expression of p48.2 could significantly up-regulate rather than down-regulate cyclin D1 and cyclin D3 expressions. We further showed that the induction of cyclin D1 expression was directly due to the activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), but was independent of RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (RAS/MAPK) signaling pathway. Thus, p48.2 may represent a novel type of intracellular protein functioning as a negative regulator at the G0/G1 phase.
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Serafim TL, Matos JAC, Sardão VA, Pereira GC, Branco AF, Pereira SL, Parke D, Perkins EL, Moreno AJM, Holy J, Oliveira PJ. Sanguinarine cytotoxicity on mouse melanoma K1735-M2 cells--nuclear vs. mitochondrial effects. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 76:1459-75. [PMID: 18692024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sanguinarine (SANG) is an alkaloid recognized to have anti-proliferative activity against various human tumour cell lines. No data is available on the susceptibility of advanced malignant melanoma to SANG, although this disease has a very poor prognosis if not detected in time due to the resistance to conventional chemotherapy. The present work was designed to study the nuclear and mitochondrial involvement in the pro-apoptotic effect of SANG in an invasive mouse melanoma cell line. The results obtained show that SANG is primarily accumulated by the cell nuclei, causing inhibition of cell proliferation and inducing cell death, as confirmed by an increase in sub-G1 peaks. At low concentrations, SANG induces mitochondrial depolarization in a sub-population of melanoma cells, which also generally displayed strong nuclear labelling of phosphorylated histone H2AX. Western blotting revealed an increase in p53, but not Bax protein, in both whole-cell extracts and in mitochondrial fractions. Isolated hepatic mitochondrial fractions revealed that SANG affects the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and has dual effects on mitochondrial calcium loading capacity. We suggest that SANG is able to induce apoptosis in metastatic melanoma cells. The knowledge of mitochondrial vs. nuclear effects of SANG is important in the development of this promising compound for clinical use against aggressive melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L Serafim
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, University of Coimbra, P-3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
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