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Jiang JL, Qian JF, Xiao DH, Liu X, Zhu F, Wang J, Xing ZX, Xu DL, Xue Y, He YH. Relationship of familial cytochrome P450 4V2 gene mutation with liver cirrhosis: A case report and review of the literature. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:10346-10357. [PMID: 36246827 PMCID: PMC9561572 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i28.10346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many genetic and metabolic diseases affect the liver, but diagnosis can be difficult because these diseases may have complex clinical manifestations and diverse clinical patterns. There is also incomplete clinical knowledge of these many different diseases and limitations of current testing methods.
CASE SUMMARY We report a 53-year-old female from a rural area in China who was hospitalized for lower limb edema, abdominal distension, cirrhosis, and hypothyroidism. We excluded the common causes of liver disease (drinking alcohol, using traditional Chinese medicines, hepatitis virus infection, autoimmunity, and hepatolenticular degeneration). When she was 23-years-old, she developed night-blindness that worsened to complete blindness, with no obvious cause. Her parents were first cousins, and both were alive. Analysis of the patient’s family history indicated that all 5 siblings had night blindness and impaired vision; one sister was completely blind; and another sister had night-blindness complicated with cirrhosis and subclinical hypothyroidism. Entire exome sequencing showed that the patient, parents, and siblings all had mutations in the cytochrome P450 4V2 gene (CYP4V2). The CYP4V2 mutations of the parents and two sisters were heterozygous, and the others were homozygous. Two siblings also had heterozygous dual oxidase activator 2 (DUOXA2) mutations.
CONCLUSION Mutations in the CYP4V2 gene may affect lipid metabolism and lead to chronic liver injury, fibrosis, and cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lian Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jiang-Fu Qian
- Department of Digestion, Dafang County People’s Hospital, Bijie 551600, Guizhou Province, China
| | - De-Hui Xiao
- Department of Digestion, Dafang County People’s Hospital, Bijie 551600, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Digestion, Dafang County People’s Hospital, Bijie 551600, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhou-Xiong Xing
- Department of Intensive Care, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - De-Lin Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563099, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Liver Diseases, the Third People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Huai He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
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Ruan Y, Fan Y, Xie Y, Ma C, Mo B, Lai Y, Li G, Liu X, Kuang W. Modified Xiaoqinglong decoction alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice by regulating arachidonic acid metabolism and exerting anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 305:1672-1681. [PMID: 34708578 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Effective therapeutics are not available for acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Modified Xiaoqinglong decoction (M-XQL) is reported to effectively treat pneumonia, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, the therapeutic effect and mechanism of M-XQL were examined using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mouse model. The effects of M-XQL on lung injury, inflammatory responses, and cell apoptosis were analyzed. Additionally, high-throughput sequencing was performed to evaluate the therapeutic mechanism of M-XQL. Pretreatment with M-XQL significantly and dose-dependently mitigated the pathological changes and upregulation of pulmonary, nitric oxide content and cell apoptosis and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha contents in the LPS-induced ALI mouse model. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the expression of several arachidonic acid metabolism-associated genes in the LPS + high-dose M-XQL group differed from that in the LPS group. In particular, the Cbr2, Cyp4f18, and Cyp2e1 levels were upregulated, whereas the Alox12, Ptges, and Ptges2 levels were downregulated in the LPS + high-dose M-XQL group. These results suggest that M-XQL exerts therapeutic effects in ALI mice by regulating arachidonic acid metabolism and exerting anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, M-XQL is a potential agent for the clinical treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongdui Ruan
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yaohua Fan
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanfeng Xie
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Chunling Ma
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Bingquan Mo
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yanni Lai
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geng Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihong Kuang
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials of Guangdong Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Regulation of cytochrome P450 4F11 expression by liver X receptor alpha. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107240. [PMID: 33310663 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 4F (CYP4F) enzymes are responsible for the metabolism of eicosanoids, which play important roles in inflammation. Nuclear receptor liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) is a critical signal node connecting inflammation and lipid metabolism. Studies revealed that the release of cytokines and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) can change the CYP4F11 expression in HepG2 cells. However, the effect of LXRα on the CYP4F family and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. This study found that CYP4F11 is a target gene of LXRα. Luciferase assays and siRNA transfection showed that LXRα increased the transcription of CYP4F11 and LXRα agonist GW3965 could induce the expression of CYP4F11 by activating the LXRα-CYP4F11 pathway. Besides, overexpression of CYP4F11 could decrease TNF-α and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced THP-1 cells. The finding of the regulation of CYP4F11 may contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of LXRα agonists.
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Oesch F, Fabian E, Landsiedel R. Xenobiotica-metabolizing enzymes in the skin of rat, mouse, pig, guinea pig, man, and in human skin models. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2411-2456. [PMID: 29916051 PMCID: PMC6063329 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the metabolic fate of medical drugs, skin care products, cosmetics and other chemicals intentionally or accidently applied to the human skin have become increasingly important in order to ascertain pharmacological effectiveness and to avoid toxicities. The use of freshly excised human skin for experimental investigations meets with ethical and practical limitations. Hence information on xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XME) in the experimental systems available for pertinent studies compared with native human skin has become crucial. This review collects available information of which—taken with great caution because of the still very limited data—the most salient points are: in the skin of all animal species and skin-derived in vitro systems considered in this review cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent monooxygenase activities (largely responsible for initiating xenobiotica metabolism in the organ which provides most of the xenobiotica metabolism of the mammalian organism, the liver) are very low to undetectable. Quite likely other oxidative enzymes [e.g. flavin monooxygenase, COX (cooxidation by prostaglandin synthase)] will turn out to be much more important for the oxidative xenobiotic metabolism in the skin. Moreover, conjugating enzyme activities such as glutathione transferases and glucuronosyltransferases are much higher than the oxidative CYP activities. Since these conjugating enzymes are predominantly detoxifying, the skin appears to be predominantly protected against CYP-generated reactive metabolites. The following recommendations for the use of experimental animal species or human skin in vitro models may tentatively be derived from the information available to date: for dermal absorption and for skin irritation esterase activity is of special importance which in pig skin, some human cell lines and reconstructed skin models appears reasonably close to native human skin. With respect to genotoxicity and sensitization reactive-metabolite-reducing XME in primary human keratinocytes and several reconstructed human skin models appear reasonably close to human skin. For a more detailed delineation and discussion of the severe limitations see the Conclusions section in the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Oesch
- Institute of Toxicology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Obere Zahlbacherstr. 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - E Fabian
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, GV/TB, Z470, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Robert Landsiedel
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, GV/TB, Z470, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
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Vaivoda R, Vaine C, Boerstler C, Galloway K, Christmas P. CYP4F18-Deficient Neutrophils Exhibit Increased Chemotaxis to Complement Component C5a. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:250456. [PMID: 26613087 PMCID: PMC4647059 DOI: 10.1155/2015/250456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CYP4Fs were first identified as enzymes that catalyze hydroxylation of leukotriene B4 (LTB4). CYP4F18 has an unusual expression in neutrophils and was predicted to play a role in regulating LTB4-dependent inflammation. We compared chemotaxis of wild-type and Cyp4f18 knockout neutrophils using an in vitro assay. There was no significant difference in the chemotactic response to LTB4, but the response to complement component C5a increased 1.9-2.25-fold in knockout cells compared to wild-type (P < 0.01). This increase was still observed when neutrophils were treated with inhibitors of eicosanoid synthesis. There were no changes in expression of other CYP4 enzymes in knockout neutrophils that might compensate for loss of CYP4F18 or lead to differences in activity. A mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate colitis was used to investigate the consequences of increased C5a-dependent chemotaxis in vivo, but there was no significant difference in weight loss, disease activity, or colonic tissue myeloperoxidase between wild-type and Cyp4f18 knockout mice. This study demonstrates the limitations of inferring CYP4F function based on an ability to use LTB4 as a substrate, points to expanding roles for CYP4F enzymes in immune regulation, and underscores the in vivo challenges of CYP knockout studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Vaivoda
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Christine Vaine
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | | | - Kristy Galloway
- Department of Biology, Radford University, Radford, VA 24142, USA
| | - Peter Christmas
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Biology, Radford University, Radford, VA 24142, USA
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Tatarunas V, Jankauskiene L, Kupstyte N, Skipskis V, Gustiene O, Grybauskas P, Lesauskaite V. The role of clinical parameters and of CYP2C19 G681 and CYP4F2 G1347A polymorphisms on platelet reactivity during dual antiplatelet therapy. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2015; 25:369-74. [PMID: 24418943 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel is used to lower the risk of arterial thrombosis. However, this strategy is not always successful owing to high interindividual variability in response to antiplatelet therapy. To evaluate an impact of CYP2C19 G681A and CYP4F2 G1347A polymorphisms and clinical factors on dual antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel and aspirin. Totally 89 patients who continued dual aspirin and clopidogrel antiplatelet therapy for at least of 14 days were included into the further study. Test for platelet aggregation was performed according to the classical Born method. Genotyping of CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 and CYP4F2*3 was done by using commercial probes from Applied Biosystems (UK). Patient age, weight and body weight index did not correlate significantly with platelet aggregation level both induced by ADP and epinephrine (P > 0.05). Serum concentration of creatinine, diabetes, angiotensin II receptor blockers, B-blockers, statin or omeprazole use had no significant effect on platelet aggregation. The users of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors had lower platelet aggregation levels with epinephrine vs. nonusers: 28.80 ± 13.25 vs. 51.15 ± 23.50, P < 0.03, respectively. Platelet aggregation with ADP was higher in CYP2C19*1*2 genotype carriers than in CYP2C19*1*1 carriers (P = 0.01). Platelet aggregation with epinephrine was higher in CYP4F2 GA genotype carriers than in GG (P = 0.04) or AA (P = 0.01) carriers. Our study confirms that CYP2C19 G681A genotype has an impact on antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel. The novelty is that the platelet aggregation after induction with epinephrine is influenced by CYP4F2 G1347A genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vacis Tatarunas
- aInstitute of Cardiology bDepartment of Internal Diseases cDepartment of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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The use of gene arrays and corresponding connectivity mapping (Cmap) to identify novel anti-ageing ingredients. Int J Cosmet Sci 2015; 37 Suppl 1:9-14. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Johnson AL, Edson KZ, Totah RA, Rettie AE. Cytochrome P450 ω-Hydroxylases in Inflammation and Cancer. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2015; 74:223-62. [PMID: 26233909 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450-dependent ω-hydroxylation is a prototypic metabolic reaction of CYP4 family members that is important for the elimination and bioactivation of not only therapeutic drugs, but also endogenous compounds, principally fatty acids. Eicosanoids, derived from arachidonic acid, are key substrates in the latter category. Human CYP4 enzymes, mainly CYP4A11, CYP4F2, and CYP4F3B, hydroxylate arachidonic acid at the omega position to form 20-HETE, which has important effects in tumor progression and on angiogenesis and blood pressure regulation in the vasculature and kidney. CYP4F3A in myeloid tissue catalyzes the ω-hydroxylation of leukotriene B4 to 20-hydroxy leukotriene B4, an inactivation process that is critical for the regulation of the inflammatory response. Here, we review the enzymology, tissue distribution, and substrate selectivity of human CYP4 ω-hydroxylases and their roles as catalysts for the formation and termination of the biological effects of key eicosanoid metabolites in inflammation and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Johnson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Katheryne Z Edson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Rheem A Totah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Allan E Rettie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Christmas P. Role of Cytochrome P450s in Inflammation. CYTOCHROME P450 FUNCTION AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ROLES IN INFLAMMATION AND CANCER 2015; 74:163-92. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Oesch F, Fabian E, Guth K, Landsiedel R. Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in the skin of rat, mouse, pig, guinea pig, man, and in human skin models. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:2135-90. [PMID: 25370008 PMCID: PMC4247477 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of the skin to medical drugs, skin care products, cosmetics, and other chemicals renders information on xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XME) in the skin highly interesting. Since the use of freshly excised human skin for experimental investigations meets with ethical and practical limitations, information on XME in models comes in the focus including non-human mammalian species and in vitro skin models. This review attempts to summarize the information available in the open scientific literature on XME in the skin of human, rat, mouse, guinea pig, and pig as well as human primary skin cells, human cell lines, and reconstructed human skin models. The most salient outcome is that much more research on cutaneous XME is needed for solid metabolism-dependent efficacy and safety predictions, and the cutaneous metabolism comparisons have to be viewed with caution. Keeping this fully in mind at least with respect to some cutaneous XME, some models may tentatively be considered to approximate reasonable closeness to human skin. For dermal absorption and for skin irritation among many contributing XME, esterase activity is of special importance, which in pig skin, some human cell lines, and reconstructed skin models appears reasonably close to human skin. With respect to genotoxicity and sensitization, activating XME are not yet judgeable, but reactive metabolite-reducing XME in primary human keratinocytes and several reconstructed human skin models appear reasonably close to human skin. For a more detailed delineation and discussion of the severe limitations see the “Overview and Conclusions” section in the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Oesch
- Oesch-Tox Toxicological Consulting and Expert Opinions GmbH&Co.KG, Rheinblick 21, 55263, Wackernheim, Germany
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The effect of CYP2C9, VKORC1 and CYP4F2 polymorphism and of clinical factors on warfarin dosage during initiation and long-term treatment after heart valve surgery. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2013; 37:177-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-013-0940-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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