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Akizuki K, Ono A, Xue H, Kameshita I, Ishida A, Sueyoshi N. Biochemical characterization of four splice variants of mouse Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Iδ. J Biochem 2021; 169:445-458. [PMID: 33417706 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase Iδ (CaMKIδ) is a Ser/Thr kinase that plays pivotal roles in Ca2+ signalling. CaMKIδ is activated by Ca2+/CaM-binding and phosphorylation at Thr180 by CaMK kinase (CaMKK). In this study, we characterized four splice variants of mouse CaMKIδ (mCaMKIδs: a, b, c and d) found by in silico analysis. Recombinant mCaMKIδs expressed in Escherichia coli were phosphorylated by CaMKK; however, only mCaMKIδ-a and c showed protein kinase activities towards myelin basic protein in vitro, with mCaMKIδ-b and mCaMKIδ-d being inactive. Although mCaMKIδ-a and mCaMKIδ-c underwent autophosphorylation in vitro, only mCaMKIδ-c underwent autophosphorylation in 293T cells. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that the autophosphorylation site is Ser349, which is found in the C-terminal region of only variants c and b (Ser324). Furthermore, phosphorylation of these sites (Ser324 and Ser349) in mCaMKIδ-b and c was more efficiently catalyzed by cAMP-dependent protein kinase in vitro and in cellulo as compared to the autophosphorylation of mCaMKIδ-c. Thus, variants of mCaMKIδ possess distinct properties in terms of kinase activities, autophosphorylation and phosphorylation by another kinase, suggesting that they play physiologically different roles in murine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Akizuki
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ono
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Houcheng Xue
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Isamu Kameshita
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Ishida
- Laboratory of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Sueyoshi
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
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Akizuki K, Kinumi T, Ono A, Senga Y, Osawa J, Shigeri Y, Ishida A, Kameshita I, Sueyoshi N. Autoactivation of C-terminally truncated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) Iδ via CaMK kinase-independent autophosphorylation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 668:29-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Sugiyama Y, Kameshita I. Multi-PK antibodies: Powerful analytical tools to explore the protein kinase world. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 11:40-45. [PMID: 28955766 PMCID: PMC5614692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse biological events are regulated through protein phosphorylation mediated by protein kinases. Some of these protein kinases are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Although 518 protein kinase genes were identified in the human genome, it remains unclear how many and what kind of protein kinases are expressed and activated in cells and tissues under varying situations. To investigate cellular signaling by protein kinases, we developed monoclonal antibodies, designated as Multi-PK antibodies, that can recognize multiple protein kinases in various biological species. These Multi-PK antibodies can be used to profile the kinases expressed in cells and tissues, identify the kinases of special interest, and analyze protein kinase expression and phosphorylation state. Here we introduce some applications of Multi-PK antibodies to identify and characterize the protein kinases involved in epigenetics, glucotoxicity in type 2 diabetes, and pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. In this review, we focus on the recently developed technologies for kinomics studies using the powerful analytical tools of Multi-PK antibodies. Multi-PK antibodies recognize a wide variety of protein kinases. New analytical methods using Multi-PK antibodies for protein kinase studies are explained. Kinomics studies using Multi-PK antibodies are introduced.
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Key Words
- 2D-PAGE, two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- CDKL5, cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5
- CNBr, cyanogen bromide
- CaMK, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
- DCLK, double-cortin like protein kinase
- Dnmt1, DNA methyltransferase 1
- FAK, focal adhesion kinase
- IEF, isoelectric focusing
- IPG, immobilized pH gradient
- Kinomics
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MeCP2, methylated-CpG-binding protein 2
- Monoclonal antibody
- Protein kinase
- Protein phosphorylation
- Proteomics
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Senga Y, Akizuki K, Katayama S, Shigeri Y, Kameshita I, Ishida A, Sueyoshi N. High-performance CaMKI: A highly active and stable form of CaMKIδ produced by high-level soluble expression in Escherichia coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 475:277-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sugiyama Y, Katayama S, Kameshita I, Morisawa K, Higuchi T, Todaka H, Kinoshita E, Kinoshita-Kikuta E, Koike T, Taniguchi T, Sakamoto S. Expression and phosphorylation state analysis of intracellular protein kinases using Multi-PK antibody and Phos-tag SDS-PAGE. MethodsX 2015; 2:469-74. [PMID: 26844212 PMCID: PMC4703585 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase expression and activity play important roles in diverse cellular functions through regulation of phosphorylation signaling. The most commonly used tools for detecting the protein kinase are protein kinase-specific antibodies, and phosphorylation site-specific antibodies were used for detecting activated protein kinase. Using these antibodies, only one kinase was analyzed at a time, however, a method for analyzing the expression and activation of a panel of protein kinases in cells is not established. Therefore, we developed a combined method using Multi-PK antibody and Phos-tag SDS-PAGE for profiling the expression and phosphorylation state of intracellular protein kinases. Using the new method, changes in the expression and phosphorylation state of various protein kinases were detected in cells treated with anticancer agent which inhibit multiple tyrosine kinase activities. Therefore, the new method is a useful technique for analysis of intracellular protein kinases.Multi-PK antibody recognizes a wide variety of protein kinases in various species. Using Phos-tag SDS-PAGE, phosphorylated proteins are visualized as slower migration bands compared with corresponding non-phosphorylated proteins. This combined method can be used for detecting changes in the expression and phosphorylation state of various intracellular protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Sugiyama
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Syouichi Katayama
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Isamu Kameshita
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Keiko Morisawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Science Research Center, Kochi Medical School, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Takuma Higuchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Science Research Center, Kochi Medical School, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Todaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Science Research Center, Kochi Medical School, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Eiji Kinoshita
- Department of Functional Molecular Science, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Emiko Kinoshita-Kikuta
- Department of Functional Molecular Science, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tohru Koike
- Department of Functional Molecular Science, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Science Research Center, Kochi Medical School, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Shuji Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Science Research Center, Kochi Medical School, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
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The Phosphatase-Resistant Isoform of CaMKI, Ca²⁺/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Iδ (CaMKIδ), Remains in Its "Primed" Form without Ca²⁺ Stimulation. Biochemistry 2015; 54:3617-30. [PMID: 25994484 DOI: 10.1021/bi5012139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I (CaMKI) is known to play pivotal roles in Ca²⁺ signaling pathways. Four isoforms of CaMKI (α, β, γ, and δ) have been reported so far. CaMKI is activated through phosphorylation by the upstream kinase, CaMK kinase (CaMKK), and phosphorylates downstream targets. When CaMKI was transiently expressed in 293T cells, CaMKIα was not phosphorylated at all under low-Ca²⁺ conditions in the cells. In contrast, we found that CaMKIδ was significantly phosphorylated and activated to phosphorylate cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) under the same conditions. Herein, we report that the sustained activation of CaMKIδ is ascribed to its phosphatase resistance resulting from the structure of its N-terminal region. First, we examined whether CaMKIδ is more readily phosphorylated by CaMKK than CaMKIα, but no significant difference was observed. Next, to compare the phosphatase resistance between CaMKIα and CaMKIδ, we assessed the dephosphorylation of the phosphorylated CaMKIs by CaMK phosphatase (CaMKP/PPM1F). Surprisingly, CaMKIδ was hardly dephosphorylated by CaMKP, whereas CaMKIα was significantly dephosphorylated under the same conditions. To date, there have been no detailed reports concerning dephosphorylation of CaMKI. Through extensive analysis of CaMKP-catalyzed dephosphorylation of various chimeric and point mutants of CaMKIδ and CaMKIα, we identified the amino acid residues responsible for the phosphatase resistance of CaMKIδ (Pro-57, Lys-62, Ser-66, Ile-68, and Arg-76). These results also indicate that the phosphatase resistance of CaMKI is largely affected by only several amino acids in its N-terminal region. The phosphatase-resistant CaMKI isoform may play a physiological role under low-Ca²⁺ conditions in the cells.
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Kameshita I, Yamashita S, Katayama S, Senga Y, Sueyoshi N. TandeMBP: generation of a unique protein substrate for protein kinase assays. J Biochem 2014; 156:147-54. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvu025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kocmarek AL, Ferguson MM, Danzmann RG. Differential gene expression in small and large rainbow trout derived from two seasonal spawning groups. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:57. [PMID: 24450799 PMCID: PMC3931318 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Growth in fishes is regulated via many environmental and physiological factors and is shaped by the genetic background of each individual. Previous microarray studies of salmonid growth have examined fish experiencing either muscle wastage or accelerated growth patterns following refeeding, or the influence of growth hormone and transgenesis. This study determines the gene expression profiles of genetically unmanipulated large and small fish from a domesticated salmonid strain reared on a typical feeding regime. Gene expression profiles of white muscle and liver from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from two seasonal spawning groups (September and December lots) within a single strain were examined when the fish were 15 months of age to assess the influence of season (late fall vs. onset of spring) and body size (large vs. small). Results Although IGFBP1 gene expression was up-regulated in the livers of small fish in both seasonal lots, few expression differences were detected in the liver overall. Faster growing Dec. fish showed a greater number of differences in white muscle expression compared to Sept. fish. Significant differences in the GO Generic Level 3 categories ‘response to external stimulus’, ‘establishment of localization’, and ‘response to stress’ were detected in white muscle tissue between large and small fish. Larger fish showed up-regulation of cytoskeletal component genes while many genes related to myofibril components of muscle tissue were up-regulated in small fish. Most of the genes up-regulated in large fish within the ‘response to stress’ category are involved in immunity while in small fish most of these gene functions are related to apoptosis. Conclusions A higher proportion of genes in white muscle compared to liver showed similar patterns of up- or down-regulation within the same size class across seasons supporting their utility as biomarkers for growth in rainbow trout. Differences between large and small Sept. fish in the ‘response to stress’ and ‘response to external stimulus’ categories for white muscle tissue, suggests that smaller fish have a greater inability to handle stress compared to the large fish. Sampling season had a significant impact on the expression of genes related to the growth process in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Kocmarek
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd, East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Riascos D, Nicholas A, Samaeekia R, Yukhananov R, Mesulam MM, Bigio EH, Weintraub S, Guo L, Geula C. Alterations of Ca²⁺-responsive proteins within cholinergic neurons in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:1325-33. [PMID: 24461366 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The molecular basis of selective neuronal vulnerability in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains poorly understood. Using basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) as a model and immunohistochemistry, we have demonstrated significant age-related loss of the calcium-binding protein calbindin-D(28K) (CB) from BFCN, which was associated with tangle formation and degeneration in AD. Here, we determined alterations in RNA and protein for CB and the Ca(2+)-responsive proteins Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I (CaMKI), growth-associated protein-43 (GAP43), and calpain in the BF. We observed progressive downregulation of CB and CaMKI RNA in laser-captured BFCN in the normal-aged-AD continuum. We also detected progressive loss of CB, CaMKIδ, and GAP43 proteins in BF homogenates in aging and AD. Activated μ-calpain, a calcium-sensitive protease that degrades CaMKI and GAP43, was significantly increased in the normal aged BF and was 10 times higher in AD BF. Overactivation of μ-calpain was confirmed using proteolytic fragments of its substrate spectrin. Substantial age- and AD-related alterations in Ca(2+)-sensing proteins most likely contribute to selective vulnerability of BFCN to degeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Riascos
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Nicholas
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ravand Samaeekia
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - M-Marsel Mesulam
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ling Guo
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Changiz Geula
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Senga Y, Yoshioka K, Kameshita I, Sueyoshi N. Expression and gene knockdown of zebrafish Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Iδ-LL. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 540:41-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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