1
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Gowda A, T. C. S, Anil VS, Raghavan S. Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous sandalwood (Santalum album L.) leaf extract: Divergent effects of SW-AgNPs on proliferating plant and cancer cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300115. [PMID: 38662724 PMCID: PMC11045141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The biogenic approach for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles provides an efficient eco-friendly alternative to chemical synthesis. This study presents a novel route for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous sandalwood (SW) leaf extract as a source of reducing and capping agents under mild, room temperature synthesis conditions. The bioreduction of Ag+ to Ago nanoparticles (SW-AgNPs) was accompanied by the appearance of brown color, with surface plasmon resonance peak at 340-360 nm. SEM, TEM and AFM imaging confirm SW-AgNP's spherical shape with size range of 10-32 nm. DLS indicates a hydrodynamic size of 49.53 nm with predominant negative Zeta potential, which can contribute to the stability of the nanoparticles. FTIR analysis indicates involvement of sandalwood leaf derived polyphenols, proteins and lipids in the reduction and capping of SW-AgNPs. XRD determines the face-centered-cubic crystalline structure of SW-AgNPs, which is a key factor affecting biological functions of nanoparticles. This study is novel in using cell culture methodologies to evaluate effects of SW-AgNPs on proliferating cells originating from plants and human cancer. Exposure of groundnut calli cells to SW-AgNPs, resulted in enhanced proliferation leading to over 70% higher calli biomass over control, enhanced defense enzyme activities, and secretion of metabolites implicated in biotic stress resistance (Crotonyl isothiocyanate, Butyrolactone, 2-Hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone, Maltol) and plant cell proliferation (dl-Threitol). MTT and NRU were performed to determine the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles on human cervical cancer cells. SW-AgNPs specifically inhibited cervical cell lines SiHa (IC50-2.65 ppm) and CaSki (IC50-9.49 ppm), indicating potential use in cancer treatment. The opposing effect of SW-AgNPs on cell proliferation of plant calli (enhanced cell proliferation) and human cancer cell lines (inhibition) are both beneficial and point to potential safe application of SW-AgNPs in plant cell culture, agriculture and in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Gowda
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India
| | - Suman T. C.
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India
| | - Veena S. Anil
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India
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2
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Paudel P, Pandey P, Paris JJ, Ashpole NM, Mahdi F, Tian JM, Lee J, Wang M, Xu M, Chittiboyina AG, Khan IA, Ross SA, Li XC. Cannabinoid Receptor Type II Ligands from Sandalwood Oil and Synthetic α-Santalol Derivatives. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1786-1792. [PMID: 37450763 PMCID: PMC11214301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the essential oil of Santalum album led to the identification of α-santalol (1) and β-santalol (2) as new chemotypes of cannabinoid receptor type II (CB2) ligands with Ki values of 10.49 and 8.19 μM, respectively. Nine structurally new α-santalol derivatives (4a-4h and 5) were synthesized to identify more selective and potent CB2 ligands. Compound 4e with a piperazine structural moiety demonstrated a Ki value of 0.99 μM against CB2 receptor and did not show binding activity against cannabinoid receptor type I (CB1) at 10 μM. Compounds 1, 2, and 4e increased intracellular calcium influx in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells that were attenuated by CB2 antagonism or inverse agonism, supporting the results that these compounds are CB2 agonists. Molecular docking showed that 1 and 4e had similar binding poses, exhibiting a unique interaction with Thr114 within the CB2 receptor, and that the piperazine structural moiety is required for the binding affinity of 4e. A 200 ns molecular dynamics simulation of CB2 complexed with 4e confirmed the stability of the complex. This structural insight lays a foundation to further design and synthesize more potent and selective α-santalol-based CB2 ligands for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Paudel
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Pankaj Pandey
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Jason J. Paris
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Nicole M. Ashpole
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Fakhri Mahdi
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Jun-Mian Tian
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Joseph Lee
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Mei Wang
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Min Xu
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Amar G. Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Samir A. Ross
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Xing-Cong Li
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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3
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Sharifi-Rad J, Quispe C, Turgumbayeva A, Mertdinç Z, Tütüncü S, Aydar EF, Özçelik B, Anna SW, Mariola S, Koziróg A, Otlewska A, Antolak H, Sen S, Acharya K, Lapava N, Emamzadeh-Yazdi S, Martorell M, Kumar M, Varoni EM, Iriti M, Calina D. Santalum Genus: phytochemical constituents, biological activities and health promoting-effects. Z NATURFORSCH C 2023; 78:9-25. [PMID: 36069757 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2022-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Santalum genus belongs to the family of Santalaceae, widespread in India, Australia, Hawaii, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia, and valued as traditional medicine, rituals and modern bioactivities. Sandalwood is reported to possess a plethora of bioactive compounds such as essential oil and its components (α-santalol and β-santalol), phenolic compounds and fatty acids. These bioactives play important role in contributing towards biological activities and health-promoting effects in humans. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown the role of sandalwood extract as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, neuroleptic, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and anticancer activities. Safety studies on sandalwood essential oil (EO) and its extracts have proven them as a safe ingredient to be utilized in health promotion. Phytoconstituents, bioactivities and traditional uses established sandalwood as one of the innovative materials for application in the pharma, food, and biomedical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avda. Arturo Prat 2120, 1110939, Iquique, Chile
| | - Aknur Turgumbayeva
- Higher School of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.,School of Pharmacy, JSC "S. D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University", Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Zehra Mertdinç
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sena Tütüncü
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Feyza Aydar
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beraat Özçelik
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.,BIOACTIVE Research & Innovation Food Manufacturing Industry Trade LTD Co., Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Stępień-Warda Anna
- Department of Forage Crop Production, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Staniak Mariola
- Department of Forage Crop Production, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Anna Koziróg
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90 - 924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Otlewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90 - 924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Hubert Antolak
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90 - 924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Surjit Sen
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 700019, Kolkata, India.,Department of Botany, Fakir Chand College, Diamond Harbour, West Bengal, 743331, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Department of Botany, Fakir Chand College, Diamond Harbour, West Bengal, 743331, India
| | - Natallia Lapava
- Medicine Standartization Department of Vitebsk State Medical University, Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Simin Emamzadeh-Yazdi
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Gauteng 0002, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile.,Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR - Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, 400019 Mumbai, India
| | - Elena Maria Varoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.,National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Marcello Iriti
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy.,Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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4
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Mohankumar A, Kalaiselvi D, Thiruppathi G, Muthusaravanan S, Vijayakumar S, Suresh R, Tawata S, Sundararaj P. Santalol Isomers Inhibit Transthyretin Amyloidogenesis and Associated Pathologies in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:924862. [PMID: 35784752 PMCID: PMC9243336 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.924862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a homotetrameric protein found in human serum and is implicated in fatal inherited amyloidoses. Destabilization of native TTR confirmation resulting from mutation, environmental changes, and aging causes polymerization and amyloid fibril formation. Although several small molecules have been reported to stabilize the native state and inhibit TTR aggregation, prolonged use can cause serious side effects. Therefore, pharmacologically enhancing the degradation of TTR aggregates and kinetically stabilizing the native tetrameric structure with bioactive molecule(s) could be a viable therapeutic strategy to hinder the advancement of TTR amyloidoses. In this context, here we demonstrated α- and β-santalol, natural sesquiterpenes from sandalwood, as a potent TTR aggregation inhibitor and native state stabilizer using combined in vitro, in silico, and in vivo experiments. We found that α- and β-santalol synergize to reduce wild-type (WT) and Val30Met (V30M) mutant TTR aggregates in novel C. elegans strains expressing TTR fragments fused with a green fluorescent protein in body wall muscle cells. α- and β-Santalol extend the lifespan and healthspan of C. elegans strains carrying TTRWT::EGFP and TTRV30M::EGFP transgene by activating the SKN-1/Nrf2, autophagy, and proteasome. Moreover, α- and β-santalol directly interacted with TTR and reduced the flexibility of the thyroxine-binding cavity and homotetramer interface, which in turn increases stability and prevents the dissociation of the TTR tetramer. These data indicate that α- and β-santalol are the strong natural therapeutic intervention against TTR-associated amyloid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirthalingam Mohankumar
- PAK Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
- *Correspondence: Amirthalingam Mohankumar, ; Shinkichi Tawata, ; Palanisamy Sundararaj,
| | - Duraisamy Kalaiselvi
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Rahul Suresh
- International Research Center of Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry—IRC SQC, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Shinkichi Tawata
- PAK Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Amirthalingam Mohankumar, ; Shinkichi Tawata, ; Palanisamy Sundararaj,
| | - Palanisamy Sundararaj
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
- *Correspondence: Amirthalingam Mohankumar, ; Shinkichi Tawata, ; Palanisamy Sundararaj,
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5
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A Comparison of the Composition of Selected Commercial Sandalwood Oils with the International Standard. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082249. [PMID: 33924603 PMCID: PMC8070282 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sandalwood oils are highly desired but expensive, and hence many counterfeit oils are sold in high street shops. The study aimed to determine the content of oils sold under the name sandalwood oil and then compare their chromatographic profile and α- and β santalol content with the requirements of ISO 3518:2002. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis found that none of the six tested “sandalwood” oils met the ISO standard, especially in terms of α-santalol content. Only one sample was found to contain both α- and β-santalol, characteristic of Santalum album. In three samples, valerianol, elemol, eudesmol isomers, and caryophyllene dominated, indicating the presence of Amyris balsamifera oil. Another two oil samples were found to be synthetic mixtures: benzyl benzoate predominating in one, and synthetic alcohols, such as javanol, polysantol and ebanol, in the other. The product label only gave correct information in three cases: one sample containing Santalum album oil and two samples containing Amyris balsamifera oil. The synthetic samples described as 100% natural essential oil from sandalwood are particularly dangerous and misleading to the consumer. Moreover, the toxicological properties of javanol, polysantol and ebanol, for example, are unknown.
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6
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Mosaddeghi P, Eslami M, Farahmandnejad M, Akhavein M, Ranjbarfarrokhi R, Khorraminejad-Shirazi M, Shahabinezhad F, Taghipour M, Dorvash M, Sakhteman A, Zarshenas MM, Nezafat N, Mobasheri M, Ghasemi Y. A systems pharmacology approach to identify the autophagy-inducing effects of Traditional Persian medicinal plants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:336. [PMID: 33431946 PMCID: PMC7801619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79472-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is correlated with several complex diseases, including type 2 diabetes, neurodegeneration diseases, and cancer. Identifying the nature of this correlation and treatment of age-related diseases has been a major subject of both modern and traditional medicine. Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) embodies many prescriptions for the treatment of ARDs. Given that autophagy plays a critical role in antiaging processes, the present study aimed to examine whether the documented effect of plants used in TPM might be relevant to the induction of autophagy? To this end, the TPM-based medicinal herbs used in the treatment of the ARDs were identified from modern and traditional references. The known phytochemicals of these plants were then examined against literature for evidence of having autophagy inducing effects. As a result, several plants were identified to have multiple active ingredients, which indeed regulate the autophagy or its upstream pathways. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis of the identified targets confirmed the collective contribution of the identified targets in autophagy regulating processes. Also, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the targets was reconstructed. Network centrality analysis of the PPI network identified mTOR as the key network hub. Given the well-documented role of mTOR in inhibiting autophagy, our results hence support the hypothesis that the antiaging mechanism of TPM-based medicines might involve autophagy induction. Chemoinformatics study of the phytochemicals using docking and molecular dynamics simulation identified, among other compounds, the cyclo-trijuglone of Juglans regia L. as a potential ATP-competitive inhibitor of mTOR. Our results hence, provide a basis for the study of TPM-based prescriptions using modern tools in the quest for developing synergistic therapies for ARDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Mosaddeghi
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Cellular and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Eslami
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mitra Farahmandnejad
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Cellular and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahshad Akhavein
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Cellular and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ratin Ranjbarfarrokhi
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Cellular and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadhossein Khorraminejad-Shirazi
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Cellular and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farbod Shahabinezhad
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Cellular and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadjavad Taghipour
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Cellular and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Dorvash
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Cellular and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sakhteman
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mohammad M. Zarshenas
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Navid Nezafat
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Meysam Mobasheri
- grid.472338.9Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,Iranian Institute of New Sciences (IINS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
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7
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Bommareddy A, McGlynn D, Lewis M, Lockus L, Seward J, Hong KL, VanWert AL, Dwivedi C. Akt/survivin pathway inhibition enhances the apoptotic cell death-induced by alpha-santalol in human prostate cancer cells. Fitoterapia 2020; 143:104552. [PMID: 32173422 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have shown previously that alpha-santalol, a major component of sandalwood oil inhibits growth of cultured prostate cancer cells in vitro by causing apoptosis, but the mechanism of cell death is not fully elucidated. The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of PI3K/Akt/survivin pathway in alpha-santalol-induced apoptosis employing cultured LNCaP and PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. Treatment of prostate cancer cells with alpha-santalol (20, 40 μM) resulted in the down regulation of survivin and p-AKT (s-473) expression and statistically significant reduction in total survivin levels as evidenced by survivin ELISA assay. Furthermore, inhibition of PI3K-Akt pathway by pharmacological inhibitor, LY294002 enhanced the apoptotic cell death induced by alpha-santalol as determined by cell viability, cellular morphology, active caspase-3 activity and expression of cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-3 levels. In conclusion, the present study provides novel insight into the molecular circuitry of alpha-santalol-induced cell death and reveals that alpha-santalol targets Akt/Survivin pathway to induce cell death and that the cell death is increased in the presence of a known inhibitor of the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Bommareddy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, United States of America.
| | - Danielle McGlynn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, United States of America
| | - Marissa Lewis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, United States of America
| | - Lauren Lockus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Seward
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, United States of America
| | - Ka Lok Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, United States of America
| | - Adam L VanWert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, United States of America
| | - Chandradhar Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, United States of America
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8
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Yeh TH, Lin JY. Acorus gramineusand and Euodia ruticarpa Steam Distilled Essential Oils Exert Anti-Inflammatory Effects Through Decreasing Th1/Th2 and Pro-/Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion Ratios In Vitro. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020338. [PMID: 32093087 PMCID: PMC7072347 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To clarify the effects of steam distilled essential oils (SDEO) from herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine on immune functions, two potential herbs, Acorus gramineusand (AG) and Euodia ruticarpa (ER) cultivated in Taiwan, were selected to assess their immunomodulatory effects using mouse primary splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages. T helper type 1 lymphocytes (Th1) (IL-2), Th2 (IL-5), pro-inflammatory (TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines secreted by correspondent immune cells treated with SDEO samples were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The total amounts of potential phytochemicals, including total flavonoids, polyphenols and saponins, in these two selected SDEOs were measured and correlated with cytokine levels secreted by immune cells. Our results evidenced that ER SDEO is rich in total flavonoids, polyphenols and saponins. Treatments with AG and ER SDEO significantly (p < 0.05) increased IL-5/IL-2 (Th2/Th1) cytokine secretion ratios by splenocytes, suggesting that both AG and ER SDEO have the Th2-polarization property and anti-inflammatory potential. In addition, AG and ER SDEO, particularly ER SDEO, markedly decreased TNF-α/IL-10 secretion ratios by macrophages in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), exhibiting substantial effects on spontaneous and LPS-induced inflammation. Significant correlations were found between the total polyphenols, flavonoids or saponins content in the two selected SDEOs and Th1/Th2 immune balance or anti-inflammatory ability in linear, non-linear or biphasic manners, respectively. In conclusion, our results suggest that AG and ER, particularly ER, SDEO have immunomodulatory potential in shifting the Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2 polarization in splenocytes and inhibiting inflammation in macrophages in the absence or presence of LPS.
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9
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Younis N, Mohamed M. Sandalwood oil neuroprotective effects on middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemic brain stroke. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_398_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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10
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Lomba L, Afarinkia K, Vinader V. A new route to tricyclane sesquiterpenoids: total synthesis of α-ekasantalic acid. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4456-4459. [PMID: 30990507 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00630c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical manipulation of the cycloadduct of citraconic anhydride and cyclopentadiene enables a new synthetic route to tricyclane sesquiterpenoids. This methodology is applied to the first total synthesis of α-ekasantalic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lomba
- Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario de Villanueva de Gállego (Zaragoza), 50.830 Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
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11
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Pavithra PS, Mehta A, Verma RS. Essential oils: from prevention to treatment of skin cancer. Drug Discov Today 2018; 24:644-655. [PMID: 30508640 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of cutaneous malignancies signifies the need for multiple treatment options. Several available reviews have emphasized the potential role of various botanical extracts and naturally occurring compounds as anti-skin-cancer agents. Few studies relate to the role of chemoprevention and therapeutic activity of essential oils (EOs) and EO components. The present review summarizes an overview of chemopreventive, anti-melanoma and anti-nonmelanoma activities of EOs from various plants and EO components in in vitro and in vivo models with special emphasis on skin cancer. Also, the mechanisms by which EOs and EO components exert their effects to induce cell death are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Pavithra
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, India
| | - Alka Mehta
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, India
| | - Rama S Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India.
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12
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Mohankumar A, Shanmugam G, Kalaiselvi D, Levenson C, Nivitha S, Thiruppathi G, Sundararaj P. East Indian sandalwood ( Santalum album L.) oil confers neuroprotection and geroprotection in Caenorhabditis elegans via activating SKN-1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. RSC Adv 2018; 8:33753-33774. [PMID: 30319772 PMCID: PMC6171454 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05195j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
East Indian Sandalwood Oil (EISO) has diverse beneficial effects and has been used for thousands of years in traditional folk-medicine for treatment of different human ailments. However, there has been no in-depth scientific investigation to decipher the neuroprotective and geroprotective mechanism of EISO and its principle components, α- and β-santalol. Hence the current study was undertaken to assess the protective effects of EISO, and α- and β-santalol against neurotoxic (6-OHDA/6-hydroxydopamine) and proteotoxic (α-synuclein) stresses in a Caenorhabditis elegans model. Initially, we found that EISO and its principle components exerted an excellent antioxidant and antiapoptotic activity as it was able to extend the lifespan, and inhibit the ROS generation, and germline cell apoptosis in 6-OHDA-intoxicated C. elegans. Further, we showed that supplementation of EISO, and α- and β-santalol reduced the 6-OHDA and α-synuclein-induced Parkinson's disease associated pathologies and improved the physiological functions. The genetic and reporter gene expression analysis revealed that an EISO, or α- and β-santalol-mediated protective effect does not appear to rely on DAF-2/DAF-16, but selectively regulates SKN-1 and its downstream targets involved in antioxidant defense and geroprotective processes. Together, our findings indicated that EISO and its principle components are worth exploring further as a candidate redox-based neuroprotectant for the prevention and management of age-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mohankumar
- Unit of Nematology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu-641046, India. ; ; ; Tel: +91-9943340405; Tel: +91-9677667720
| | - G Shanmugam
- Unit of Nematology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu-641046, India. ; ; ; Tel: +91-9943340405; Tel: +91-9677667720
| | - D Kalaiselvi
- Unit of Nematology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu-641046, India. ; ; ; Tel: +91-9943340405; Tel: +91-9677667720
| | - C Levenson
- Santalis Pharmaceuticals Inc., 18618 Tuscany Stone, Suite 100, San Antonio, Texas 78258, USA
| | - S Nivitha
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - G Thiruppathi
- Unit of Nematology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu-641046, India. ; ; ; Tel: +91-9943340405; Tel: +91-9677667720
| | - P Sundararaj
- Unit of Nematology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu-641046, India. ; ; ; Tel: +91-9943340405; Tel: +91-9677667720
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13
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Li L, Chen X, Gu H. The signaling involved in autophagy machinery in keratinocytes and therapeutic approaches for skin diseases. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50682-50697. [PMID: 27191982 PMCID: PMC5226613 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is responsible for the lysosomal degradation of proteins, organelles, microorganisms and exogenous particles. Epidermis primarily consists of keratinocytes which functions as an extremely important barrier. Investigation on autophagy in keratinocytes has been continuously renewing, but is not so systematic due to the complexity of the autophagy machinery. Here we reviewed recent studies on the autophagy in keratinocyte with a focus on interplay between autophagy machinery and keratinocytes biology, and novel autophagy regulators identified in keratinocytes. In this review, we discussed the roles of autophagy in apoptosis, differentiation, immune response, survival and melanin metabolism, trying to reveal the possible involvement of autophagy in skin aging, skin disorders and skin color formation. Since autophagy routinely plays a double-edged sword role in various conditions, its functions in skin homeostasis and potential application as a therapeutic target for skin diseases remains to be clarified. Furthermore, more investigations are needed on optimizing designed strategies to inhibit or enhance autophagy for clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Gu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
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14
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sandalwood oil for cutaneous viral warts caused by human papillomavirus. Sandalwood oil was applied topically twice daily for 12 weeks to cutaneous warts on any area of the body. Data collected at each visit included measurement of wart size, photograph of the warts, and documentation of treatment compliance and any adverse reactions. Ten subjects were enrolled and received treatment. At the end of the study, 8 of 10 (80%) had complete resolution of all treated warts. The remaining 2 subjects had improvement rated as moderate (25% to >90%). There were no complaints of skin irritation, erythema, itching, peeling of skin or scarring, pain or discomfort, or other adverse events reported. Sandalwood oil appears to be effective in the painless treatment of cutaneous warts caused by human papillomavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Haque
- 1 Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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15
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Han X, Beaumont C, Stevens N. Chemical composition analysis and in vitro biological activities of ten essential oils in human skin cells. BIOCHIMIE OPEN 2017; 5:1-7. [PMID: 29450150 PMCID: PMC5805555 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopen.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Research on the biological effects of essential oils on human skin cells is scarce. In the current study, we primarily explored the biological activities of 10 essential oils (nine single and one blend) in a pre-inflamed human dermal fibroblast system that simulated chronic inflammation. We measured levels of proteins critical for inflammation, immune responses, and tissue-remodeling processes. The nine single oils were distilled from Citrus bergamia (bergamot), Coriandrum sativum (cilantro), Pelargonium graveolens (geranium), Helichrysum italicum (helichrysum), Pogostemon cablin (patchouli), Citrus aurantium (petitgrain), Santalum album (sandalwood), Nardostachys jatamansi (spikenard), and Cananga odorata (ylang ylang). The essential oil blend (commercial name Immortelle) is composed of oils from frankincense, Hawaiian sandalwood, lavender, myrrh, helichrysum, and rose. All the studied oils were significantly anti-proliferative against these cells. Furthermore, bergamot, cilantro, and spikenard essential oils primarily inhibited protein molecules related to inflammation, immune responses, and tissue-remodeling processes, suggesting they have anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties. Helichrysum and ylang ylang essential oils, as well as Immortelle primarily inhibited tissue remodeling-related proteins, suggesting a wound healing property. The data are consistent with the results of existing studies examining these oils in other models and suggest that the studied oils may be promising therapeutic candidates. Further research into their biological mechanisms of action is recommended. The differential effects of these essential oils suggest that they exert activities by different mechanisms or pathways, warranting further investigation. The chemical composition of these oils was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesheng Han
- dōTERRA International, LLC, 389 S. 1300 W., Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA
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16
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Bommareddy A, Brozena S, Steigerwalt J, Landis T, Hughes S, Mabry E, Knopp A, VanWert AL, Dwivedi C. Medicinal properties of alpha-santalol, a naturally occurring constituent of sandalwood oil: review. Nat Prod Res 2017; 33:527-543. [PMID: 29130352 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1399387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-santalol is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene that is derived from sandalwood oil. Its wide range of health benefits have been attributed to the modulation of various signalling pathways involved in the development of a particular disease. For example, the antitumour and cancer preventive properties of alpha-santalol have been shown to involve cell death induction through apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in various cancer models. A marked decrease in inflammatory markers have also been shown with alpha-santalol administration in skin tissue models. The current review is aimed at bringing the most recent advances of alpha-santalol against various disease-specific models and highlighting its associated mechanistic details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Bommareddy
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy , Wilkes University , Wilkes-Barre , PA , USA
| | - Sarah Brozena
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy , Wilkes University , Wilkes-Barre , PA , USA
| | - James Steigerwalt
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy , Wilkes University , Wilkes-Barre , PA , USA
| | - Terra Landis
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy , Wilkes University , Wilkes-Barre , PA , USA
| | - Sarah Hughes
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy , Wilkes University , Wilkes-Barre , PA , USA
| | - Erica Mabry
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy , Wilkes University , Wilkes-Barre , PA , USA
| | - Aaron Knopp
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy , Wilkes University , Wilkes-Barre , PA , USA
| | - Adam L VanWert
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy , Wilkes University , Wilkes-Barre , PA , USA
| | - Chandradhar Dwivedi
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , South Dakota State University , Brookings , South Dakota
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17
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Haque M, Coury DL. Treatment of molluscum contagiosum with an East Indian sandalwood oil product. J DERMATOL TREAT 2017; 29:531-533. [PMID: 29103323 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2017.1402115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the safety and efficacy of an East Indian sandalwood oil (EISO) product as a topical treatment for molluscum contagiosum. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten subjects ranging in age from 22 months to 29 years were recruited. Subjects were instructed to apply an EISO product to the lesions twice daily. Subjects were monitored every two to three weeks during the study and were questioned regarding local or systemic side effects. Assessment of response was recorded by counting lesions and documented by photographs. RESULTS Nine of ten subjects (90%) experienced complete resolution of molluscum lesions within the twelve week study period. Response was unrelated to lesion size or number, how long the molluscum rash had been present, or patient age or gender. There were no complaints of side effects, skin irritation, pain, or other adverse events reported in any subjects. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot open label study, an EISO product proved to be an effective treatment for molluscum contagiosum lesions with resolution of lesions typically occurring within twelve weeks of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Haque
- a Department of Pediatrics , Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Daniel L Coury
- a Department of Pediatrics , Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus , OH , USA
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18
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Moy RL, Levenson C. Sandalwood Album Oil as a Botanical Therapeutic in Dermatology. THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2017; 10:34-39. [PMID: 29344319 PMCID: PMC5749697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many skin conditions and diseases are characterized by inflammation, infection, and hyperplasia. Safe and effective topical treatment options that can be used long-term are needed. Traditional botanical medicines, which are often complex mixtures that exert their biological activities via multiple mechanisms of action, are being studied as potential new active ingredients in dermatology. Sandalwood album oil (SAO), also known as East Indian sandalwood oil (EISO), is an essential oil distilled from the Santalum album tree and has demonstrated biological activity as an anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-proliferative agent. Sandalwood album oil has also shown promise in clinical trials for treatment of acne, psoriasis, eczema, common warts, and molluscum contagiosum. The favorable safety profile, ease of topical use, and recent availability of pharmaceutical-grade sandalwood album oil support its broader use as the basis of novel therapies in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald L Moy
- Dr. Moy is from Facial Cosmetic Surgery in Beverly Hills, California
- Dr. Levenson is an employee of Santalis Pharmaceuticals, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Corey Levenson
- Dr. Moy is from Facial Cosmetic Surgery in Beverly Hills, California
- Dr. Levenson is an employee of Santalis Pharmaceuticals, San Antonio, Texas
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19
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Higgins S, Miller KA, Wojcik KY, Ahadiat O, Escobedo LA, Wysong A, Cockburn M. Phytochemicals and Naturally Occurring Substances in the Chemoprevention of Skin Cancer. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-017-0190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Janda J, Burkett NB, Blohm-Mangone K, Huang V, Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Alberts DS, Petricoin EF, Calvert VS, Einspahr J, Dong Z, Bode AM, Wondrak GT, Dickinson SE. Resatorvid-based Pharmacological Antagonism of Cutaneous TLR4 Blocks UV-induced NF-κB and AP-1 Signaling in Keratinocytes and Mouse Skin. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 92:816-825. [PMID: 27859308 DOI: 10.1111/php.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major causative factor in skin carcinogenesis, and improved molecular strategies for efficacious chemoprevention of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) are urgently needed. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling has been shown to drive skin inflammation, photoimmunosuppression, and chemical carcinogenesis. Here we have examined the feasibility of genetic and pharmacological antagonism targeting cutaneous TLR4 for the suppression of UV-induced NF-κB and AP-1 signaling in keratinocytes and mouse skin. Using immunohistochemical and proteomic microarray analysis of human skin, we demonstrate for the first time that a significant increase in expression of TLR4 occurs in keratinocytes during the progression from normal skin to actinic keratosis, also detectible during further progression to squamous cell carcinoma. Next, we demonstrate that siRNA-based genetic TLR4 inhibition blocks UV-induced stress signaling in cultured keratinocytes. Importantly, we observed that resatorvid (TAK-242), a molecularly targeted clinical TLR4 antagonist, blocks UV-induced NF-κB and MAP kinase/AP-1 activity and cytokine expression (Il-6, Il-8, and Il-10) in cultured keratinocytes and in topically treated murine skin. Taken together, our data reveal that pharmacological TLR4 antagonism can suppress UV-induced cutaneous signaling, and future experiments will explore the potential of TLR4-directed strategies for prevention of NMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vivian Huang
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ
| | - Clara Curiel-Lewandrowski
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - David S Alberts
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA
| | - Valerie S Calvert
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA
| | - Janine Einspahr
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, The Hormel Institute, The University of Minnesota, Austin, MN
| | - Ann M Bode
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, The Hormel Institute, The University of Minnesota, Austin, MN
| | - Georg T Wondrak
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Sally E Dickinson
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ.,Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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21
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Dickinson SE, Janda J, Criswell J, Blohm-Mangone K, Olson ER, Liu Z, Barber C, Petricoin EF, Calvert VS, Einspahr J, Dickinson JE, Stratton SP, Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Saboda K, Hu C, Bode AM, Dong Z, Alberts DS, Timothy Bowden G. Inhibition of Akt Enhances the Chemopreventive Effects of Topical Rapamycin in Mouse Skin. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:215-24. [PMID: 26801880 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The PI3Kinase/Akt/mTOR pathway has important roles in cancer development for multiple tumor types, including UV-induced nonmelanoma skin cancer. Immunosuppressed populations are at increased risk of aggressive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Individuals who are treated with rapamycin (sirolimus, a classical mTOR inhibitor) have significantly decreased rates of developing new cutaneous SCCs compared with those that receive traditional immunosuppression. However, systemic rapamycin use can lead to significant adverse events. Here, we explored the use of topical rapamycin as a chemopreventive agent in the context of solar-simulated light (SSL)-induced skin carcinogenesis. In SKH-1 mice, topical rapamycin treatment decreased tumor yields when applied after completion of 15 weeks of SSL exposure compared with controls. However, applying rapamycin during SSL exposure for 15 weeks, and continuing for 10 weeks after UV treatment, increased tumor yields. We also examined whether a combinatorial approach might result in more significant tumor suppression by rapamycin. We validated that rapamycin causes increased Akt (S473) phosphorylation in the epidermis after SSL, and show for the first time that this dysregulation can be inhibited in vivo by a selective PDK1/Akt inhibitor, PHT-427. Combining rapamycin with PHT-427 on tumor prone skin additively caused a significant reduction of tumor multiplicity compared with vehicle controls. Our findings indicate that patients taking rapamycin should avoid sun exposure, and that combining topical mTOR inhibitors and Akt inhibitors may be a viable chemoprevention option for individuals at high risk for cutaneous SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally E Dickinson
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona. Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
| | - Jaroslav Janda
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jane Criswell
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Erik R Olson
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Zhonglin Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Christy Barber
- Department of Medical Imaging, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Valerie S Calvert
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Janine Einspahr
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona. Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jesse E Dickinson
- Arizona Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Steven P Stratton
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona. Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Clara Curiel-Lewandrowski
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona. Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Chengcheng Hu
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ann M Bode
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, The Hormel Institute, The University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, The Hormel Institute, The University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - David S Alberts
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona. Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - G Timothy Bowden
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona. Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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22
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23
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Lee B, Bohmann J, Reeves T, Levenson C, Risinger AL. α- and β-Santalols Directly Interact with Tubulin and Cause Mitotic Arrest and Cytotoxicity in Oral Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1357-62. [PMID: 25993496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with no major advancements in treatment over the past 40 years. The current study explores the biological effects of East Indian sandalwood oil (EISO) and its two major constituents, α- and β-santalol, against a variety of HNSCC lines. All three agents exhibited cytotoxic effects and caused accumulation of cells in the G2/M phases of the cell cycle. Additionally, treatment with these agents caused formation of multipolar mitotic spindles similar to those observed upon treatment of cells with compounds that affect microtubule polymerization. Indeed, the santalols, as well as EISO, inhibited the polymerization of purified tubulin, indicating for the first time that these compounds have the ability to directly bind to tubulin and affect microtubule formation. Modeling studies suggest that the santalols can weakly bind to the colchicine site on tubulin, and topical administration of EISO to a HNSCC xenograft inhibited tumor growth with no observed toxicities. Therefore, santalols can directly interact with tubulin to inhibit the polymerization of microtubules, similarly to established classes of chemotherapeutic agents, albeit with greatly reduced potency that is not associated with the classic toxicity associated with most other compounds that interact directly with tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigette Lee
- †Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Jonathan Bohmann
- ‡Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, Texas 78238, United States
| | - Tony Reeves
- ‡Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, Texas 78238, United States
| | - Corey Levenson
- §Santalis Pharmaceuticals, 18618 Tuscany Stone, Suite 100, San Antonio, Texas 78258, United States
| | - April L Risinger
- †Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
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