1
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Mellors SC, Wilms JN, Welboren AC, Ghaffari MH, Leal LN, Martín-Tereso J, Sauerwein H, Steele MA. Gastrointestinal structure and function of preweaning dairy calves fed a whole milk powder or a milk replacer high in fat. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:2408-2427. [PMID: 36894427 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The composition of milk replacer (MR) for calves greatly differs from that of bovine whole milk, which may affect gastrointestinal development of young calves. In this light, the objective of the current study was to compare gastrointestinal tract structure and function in response to feeding liquid diets having a same macronutrient profile (e.g., fat, lactose, protein) in calves in the first month of life. Eighteen male Holstein calves (46.6 ± 5.12 kg; 1.4 ± 0.50 d of age at arrival; mean ± standard deviation) were housed individually. Upon arrival, calves were blocked based on age and arrival day, and, within a block, calves were randomly assigned to either a whole milk powder (WP; 26% fat, DM basis, n = 9) or a MR high in fat (25% fat, n = 9) fed 3.0 L 3 times daily (9 L total per day) at 135 g/L through teat buckets. On d 21, gut permeability was assessed with indigestible permeability markers [chromium (Cr)-EDTA, lactulose, and d-mannitol]. On d 32 after arrival, calves were slaughtered. The weight of the total forestomach without contents was greater in WP-fed calves. Furthermore, duodenum and ileum weights were similar between treatment groups, but jejunum and total small intestine weights were greater in WP-fed calves. The surface area of the duodenum and ileum did not differ between treatment groups, but the surface area of the proximal jejunum was greater in calves fed WP. Urinary lactulose and Cr-EDTA recoveries were greater in calves fed WP in the first 6 h post marker administration. Tight junction protein gene expression in the proximal jejunum or ileum did not differ between treatments. The free fatty acid and phospholipid fatty acid profiles in the proximal jejunum and ileum differed between treatments and generally reflected the fatty acid profile of each liquid diet. Feeding WP or MR altered gut permeability and fatty acid composition of the gastrointestinal tract and further investigation are needed to understand the biological relevance of the observed differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Mellors
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 1W2
| | - J N Wilms
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 1W2; Trouw Nutrition R&D, P.O. Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands.
| | - A C Welboren
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 1W2
| | - M H Ghaffari
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - L N Leal
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, P.O. Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - J Martín-Tereso
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, P.O. Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - H Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - M A Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 1W2.
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2
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MV G, M D, M O, L IP, C R, PC AB, A C, M R, H S, GE G. Successful pregnancy in a patient with short bowel syndrome after surgical rehabilitation and sGLP-2 treatment: novel report on endogenous GLP-2 levels at delivery and during breastfeeding. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2022; 15:17562848221129787. [PMID: 36458051 PMCID: PMC9706046 DOI: 10.1177/17562848221129787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnant patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) and chronic intestinal failure (CIF) can successfully reach to term their pregnancies while on parenteral nutrition (PN) but with high rates of complications. The combination of rehabilitation surgery, combined with the use of novel treatment with enterohormones, especially semisynthetic glucagon-like peptide 2 (sGLP-2), has increased the chances to achieve intestinal sufficiency. Here, we report the case of a 33-year-old female with SBS/CIF (anatomy type 2), weaned off PN using sGLP-2 for 3.7 years, discontinued when she became pregnant. She was able to carry the pregnancy to term without any additional PN support. Considering that, we queried if the endogenous GLP-2 (eGLP-2) levels in this SBS patient, during the pregnancy and breastfeeding period, could be like those presented in healthy pregnant women and in non-pregnant SBS patients. Also, we inquired if there was any passage or increase in the plasmatic eGLP-2 from the fetus to the mother. Thus, we determined eGLP-2 levels in paired neonatal (cord blood) and maternal plasma samples from the SBS pregnant patient (n = 1), healthy pregnant women (controls, n = 2), and non-pregnant SBS patients (n = 12). The results indicated that the SBS pregnant patient showed higher eGLP-2 levels than non-SBS pregnant patients and healthy pregnant women along all the period studied. Furthermore, we found that the maternal sample had higher eGLP-2 levels than the neonatal sample, suggesting that fetal contribution to maternal eGLP2 levels would be minor. In conclusion, this study not only reports for the first time a case of a patient with SBS that was able to achieve intestinal adaptation after combining the use of autologous reconstructive surgery and sGLP-2, but also enlightens the possibility of carrying out an uneventful pregnancy and lactation without any nutritional support and remaining independent of sGLP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gentilini MV
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante
y Bioingeniería (IMETTyB, CONICET, Universidad Favaloro), Laboratorio de
Inmunología asociada al Trasplante, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Doeyo M
- Fundación Favaloro Hospital Universitario,
Unidad de Insuficiencia, Rehabilitación y Trasplante Intestinal, Buenos
Aires, Argentina
| | - Ortega M
- Fundación Favaloro Hospital Universitario,
Unidad de Insuficiencia, Rehabilitación y Trasplante Intestinal, Buenos
Aires, Argentina
| | - Illidge Perez L
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante
y Bioingeniería (IMETTyB, CONICET, Universidad Favaloro), Laboratorio de
Inmunología asociada al Trasplante, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rumbo C
- Fundación Favaloro Hospital Universitario,
Unidad de Insuficiencia, Rehabilitación y Trasplante Intestinal, Buenos
Aires, Argentina
| | - Arriola Benitez PC
- Fundación Favaloro Hospital Universitario,
Unidad de Insuficiencia, Rehabilitación y Trasplante Intestinal, Buenos
Aires, Argentina,Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante
y Bioingeniería (IMETTyB, CONICET, Universidad Favaloro), Laboratorio de
Inmunología asociada al Trasplante, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Crivelli A
- Fundación Favaloro Hospital Universitario,
Unidad de Insuficiencia, Rehabilitación y Trasplante Intestinal, Buenos
Aires, Argentina
| | - Rumbo M
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y
Fisiopatológicos, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (IIFP-CONICET-UNLP),
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Solar H
- Fundación Favaloro Hospital Universitario,
Unidad de Insuficiencia, Rehabilitación y Trasplante Intestinal, Buenos
Aires, Argentina
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3
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Wongdee K, Chanpaisaeng K, Teerapornpuntakit J, Charoenphandhu N. Intestinal Calcium Absorption. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:2047-2073. [PMID: 34058017 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we focus on mammalian calcium absorption across the intestinal epithelium in normal physiology. Intestinal calcium transport is essential for supplying calcium for metabolism and bone mineralization. Dietary calcium is transported across the mucosal epithelia via saturable transcellular and nonsaturable paracellular pathways, both of which are under the regulation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and several other endocrine and paracrine factors, such as parathyroid hormone, prolactin, 17β-estradiol, calcitonin, and fibroblast growth factor-23. Calcium absorption occurs in several segments of the small and large intestine with varying rates and capacities. Segmental heterogeneity also includes differential expression of calcium transporters/carriers (e.g., transient receptor potential cation channel and calbindin-D9k ) and the presence of favorable factors (e.g., pH, luminal contents, and gut motility). Other proteins and transporters (e.g., plasma membrane vitamin D receptor and voltage-dependent calcium channels), as well as vesicular calcium transport that probably contributes to intestinal calcium absorption, are also discussed. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-27, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannikar Wongdee
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand.,Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Krittikan Chanpaisaeng
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Jarinthorn Teerapornpuntakit
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Narattaphol Charoenphandhu
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
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4
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Jaschke N, Sipos W, Hofbauer LC, Rachner TD, Rauner M. Skeletal endocrinology: where evolutionary advantage meets disease. Bone Res 2021; 9:28. [PMID: 34050126 PMCID: PMC8163738 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of whole-body homeostasis by the skeleton is mediated by its capacity to secrete endocrine signaling molecules. Although bone-derived hormones confer several adaptive benefits, their physiological functions also involve trade-offs, thus eventually contributing to disease. In this manuscript, we discuss the origins and functions of two of the best-studied skeletal mediators, fibroblast growth factor 23 and osteocalcin, in an evolutionary context. Moreover, we provide a theoretical framework seeking to explain the broad involvement of these two hormones in amniote physiology as well as their potential to fuel the development and progression of diseases. Vice versa, we outline which perturbations might be amenable to manipulation of these systems and discuss limitations and ongoing challenges in skeletal endocrine research. Finally, we summarize unresolved questions and potential future studies in this thriving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Jaschke
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sipos
- Clinical Department for Farm Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilman D Rachner
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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5
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Wawrzyniak N, Suliburska J. Nutritional and health factors affecting the bioavailability of calcium: a narrative review. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:1307-1320. [PMID: 33491051 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium is responsible for the effectiveness of various processes, and its supply in the diet is necessary for the normal function of the human body. Apart from being an important component of the skeleton, calcium also helps maintain the structure of cell organelles and regulates intracellular and extracellular fluid homeostasis. This review presents the nutritional and health factors that affect the bioavailability of calcium. Physiological conditions and factors such as pregnancy, infancy, menopause, old age, hormones, growth factors associated with calcium metabolism, diseases limiting its absorption, and intestinal microbiota are distinguished among endogenous factors. Although the calcium supply in the body is genetically conditioned and specific to each person, its qualitative and quantitative composition can be modified by external factors. The exogenous factors include dietary modifications with particular nutrients and pharmacological treatment. Adequate calcium levels increase bone protection and prevent osteoporosis, a disease involving low mineral bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Wawrzyniak
- N. Wawrzyniak and J. Suliburska are with the Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food and Nutrition Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Suliburska
- N. Wawrzyniak and J. Suliburska are with the Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food and Nutrition Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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6
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Chanpaisaeng K, Teerapornpuntakit J, Wongdee K, Charoenphandhu N. Emerging roles of calcium-sensing receptor in the local regulation of intestinal transport of ions and calcium. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 320:C270-C278. [PMID: 33356945 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00485.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Whether the intestinal mucosal cells are capable of sensing calcium concentration in the lumen and pericellular interstitium remains enigmatic for decades. Most calcium-regulating organs, such as parathyroid gland, kidney, and bone, are capable of using calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) to detect plasma calcium and trigger appropriate feedback responses to maintain calcium homeostasis. Although both CaSR transcripts and proteins are abundantly expressed in the crypt and villous enterocytes of the small intestine as well as the surface epithelial cells of the large intestine, the studies of CaSR functions have been limited to amino acid sensing and regulation of epithelial fluid secretion. Interestingly, several lines of recent evidence have indicated that the enterocytes use CaSR to monitor luminal and extracellular calcium levels, thereby reducing the activity of transient receptor potential channel, subfamily V, member 6, and inducing paracrine and endocrine feedback responses to restrict calcium absorption. Recent investigations in zebra fish and rodents have also suggested the role of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 as an endocrine and/or paracrine factor participating in the negative control of intestinal calcium transport. In this review article, besides the CaSR-modulated ion transport, we elaborate the possible roles of CaSR and FGF-23 as well as their crosstalk as parts of a negative feedback loop for counterbalancing the seemingly unopposed calciotropic effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the intestinal calcium absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krittikan Chanpaisaeng
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Jarinthorn Teerapornpuntakit
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Kannikar Wongdee
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Narattaphol Charoenphandhu
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
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7
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Breves JP, Popp EE, Rothenberg EF, Rosenstein CW, Maffett KM, Guertin RR. Osmoregulatory actions of prolactin in the gastrointestinal tract of fishes. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 298:113589. [PMID: 32827513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In fishes, prolactin (Prl) signaling underlies the homeostatic regulation of hydromineral balance by controlling essential solute and water transporting functions performed by the gill, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, urinary bladder, and integument. Comparative studies spanning over 60 years have firmly established that Prl promotes physiological activities that enable euryhaline and stenohaline teleosts to reside in freshwater environments; nonetheless, the specific molecular and cellular targets of Prl in ion- and water-transporting tissues are still being resolved. In this short review, we discuss how particular targets of Prl (e.g., ion cotransporters, tight-junction proteins, and ion pumps) confer adaptive functions to the esophagus and intestine. Additionally, in some instances, Prl promotes histological and functional transformations within esophageal and intestinal epithelia by regulating cell proliferation. Collectively, the demonstrated actions of Prl in the gastrointestinal tract of teleosts indicate that Prl operates to promote phenotypes supportive of freshwater acclimation and to inhibit phenotypes associated with seawater acclimation. We conclude our review by underscoring that future investigations are warranted to determine how growth hormone/Prl-family signaling evolved in basal fishes to support the gastrointestinal processes underlying hydromineral balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Breves
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA.
| | - Emily E Popp
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
| | - Eva F Rothenberg
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
| | - Clarence W Rosenstein
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
| | - Kaitlyn M Maffett
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
| | - Rebecca R Guertin
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
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8
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Lopez-Vicchi F, De Winne C, Brie B, Sorianello E, Ladyman SR, Becu-Villalobos D. Metabolic functions of prolactin: Physiological and pathological aspects. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12888. [PMID: 33463813 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prolactin is named after its vital role of promoting milk production during lactation, although it has been implicated in multiple functions within the body, including metabolism and energy homeostasis. Prolactin has been hypothesised to play a key role in driving many of the adaptations of the maternal body to allow the mother to meet the physiological demands of both pregnancy and lactation, including the high energetic demands of the growing foetus followed by milk production to support the offspring after birth. Prolactin receptors are found in many tissues involved in metabolism and food intake, such as the pancreas, liver, hypothalamus, small intestine and adipose tissue. We review the literature examining the effects of prolactin in these various tissues and how they relate to changes in function in physiological states of high prolactin, such as pregnancy and lactation, and in pathological states of hyperprolactinaemia in the adult. In many cases, whether prolactin promotes healthy metabolism or leads to dysregulation of metabolic functions is highly dependent on the situation. Overall, although prolactin may not play a major role in regulating metabolism and body weight outside of pregnancy and lactation, it definitely has the ability to contribute to metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Lopez-Vicchi
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Catalina De Winne
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Belen Brie
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eleonora Sorianello
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sharon R Ladyman
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Damasia Becu-Villalobos
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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9
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Areco VA, Kohan R, Talamoni G, Tolosa de Talamoni NG, Peralta López ME. Intestinal Ca 2+ absorption revisited: A molecular and clinical approach. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:3344-3364. [PMID: 32655262 PMCID: PMC7327788 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i24.3344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ has an important role in the maintenance of the skeleton and is involved in the main physiological processes. Its homeostasis is controlled by the intestine, kidney, bone and parathyroid glands. The intestinal Ca2+ absorption occurs mainly via the paracellular and the transcellular pathways. The proteins involved in both ways are regulated by calcitriol and other hormones as well as dietary factors. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) is a strong antagonist of vitamin D action. Part of the intestinal Ca2+ movement seems to be vitamin D independent. Intestinal Ca2+ absorption changes according to different physiological conditions. It is promoted under high Ca2+ demands such as growth, pregnancy, lactation, dietary Ca2+ deficiency and high physical activity. In contrast, the intestinal Ca2+ transport decreases with aging. Oxidative stress inhibits the intestinal Ca2+ absorption whereas the antioxidants counteract the effects of prooxidants leading to the normalization of this physiological process. Several pathologies such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, Turner syndrome and others occur with inhibition of intestinal Ca2+ absorption, some hypercalciurias show Ca2+ hyperabsorption, most of these alterations are related to the vitamin D endocrine system. Further research work should be accomplished in order not only to know more molecular details but also to detect possible therapeutic targets to ameliorate or avoid the consequences of altered intestinal Ca2+ absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Areco
- Laboratorio “Dr. Fernando Cañas”, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Romina Kohan
- Laboratorio “Dr. Fernando Cañas”, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Germán Talamoni
- Laboratorio “Dr. Fernando Cañas”, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Nori G Tolosa de Talamoni
- Laboratorio “Dr. Fernando Cañas”, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - María E Peralta López
- Laboratorio “Dr. Fernando Cañas”, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
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10
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Pyo J, Hare K, Pletts S, Inabu Y, Haines D, Sugino T, Guan LL, Steele M. Feeding colostrum or a 1:1 colostrum:milk mixture for 3 days postnatal increases small intestinal development and minimally influences plasma glucagon-like peptide-2 and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations in Holstein bull calves. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:4236-4251. [PMID: 32171512 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated how feeding colostrum- or a colostrum-milk mixture for 3 d postnatal affects plasma glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and small intestinal histomorphology in calves. Holstein bulls (n = 24) were fed colostrum at 2 h postnatal and randomly assigned to receive either colostrum (COL), whole milk (WM), or a 1:1 COL:WM mixture (MIX) every 12 h from 12 to 72 h. A jugular venous catheter was placed at 1 h postnatal to sample blood frequently for the duration of the experiment. Samples were collected at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 11, and 12 h. Following the 12-h meal, blood was collected at half-hour intervals until 16 h and then at 1-h intervals from 16 to 24 h. A 27-h sample was taken, then blood was sampled every 6 h from 30 to 60 h. Again, blood was taken at half-intervals from 60 to 64 h, then at 65 and 66 h, following which, a 2-h sampling interval was used until 72 h. Plasma GLP-2 (all time points) and serum IGF-1 (at time points: 1, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h) were both analyzed. Duodenal, jejunal, and ileal tissues were collected at 75 h of age to assess histomorphology and cellular proliferation. Feeding COL, rather than WM, increased plasma GLP-2 by 60% for 2 h and tended to increase GLP-2 by 49.4% for 4 h after the 60-h meal. Insulin-like growth factor-1 area under the curve (from 12 to 72 h) tended to be 27% greater for COL than WM calves but was otherwise unaffected by treatment. Ileal crypts tended to proliferate more with MIX than WM, whereas ileal crypt proliferation did not differ for COL compared with MIX or WM and was not different between treatments in the proximal jejunum. Villi height was increased 1.8 and 1.5× (COL and MIX vs. WM) in the proximal and distal jejunum, respectively, whereas MIX duodenal and ileal villi height tended to be 1.5 and 1.4× that of WM. Crypt depth did not differ in any region. Surface area of the gastrointestinal tract was reduced for WM by 60 and 58% (proximal jejunum) and 38 and 52% (ileum) relative to COL and MIX and was 54% less than MIX in the distal jejunum. Overall, extended COL feeding minimally increased plasma GLP-2 and serum IGF-1 compared with WM feeding. As COL and MIX similarly promoted small intestinal maturation, feeding calves transition milk to promote intestinal development could be a strategy for producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pyo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - K Hare
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 1Y2
| | - S Pletts
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Y Inabu
- The Research Center for Animal Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan 739-8528
| | - D Haines
- The Saskatoon Colostrum Company Ltd., Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7K 6A2
| | - T Sugino
- The Research Center for Animal Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan 739-8528
| | - L L Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - M Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 1Y2.
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11
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Canul-Medina G, Fernandez-Mejia C. Morphological, hormonal, and molecular changes in different maternal tissues during lactation and post-lactation. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:825-835. [PMID: 31564033 PMCID: PMC10717399 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Milk supply and quality during lactation are critical for progeny survival. Maternal tissues and metabolism, influenced by hormonal changes, undergo modification during lactation to sustain breastfeeding. Two organs that suffer essential adjustment are the mammary glands and the bone; however, renal calcium conservation and calcium absorption from the intestine are also modified. Lactation leads to a transient loss of bone minerals to provide adequate amounts of minerals, including calcium for milk production. Physiological, metabolic, and molecular changes in different tissues participate in providing nutrients for milk production. After weaning, the histological, metabolic, and hormonal modifications that take place in lactation are reverted, and bone remineralization is a central function at this time. This study focuses on the hormonal, metabolic, molecular, and tissue modifications that occur in mammary glands, bone, intestine, and kidneys in the mother during lactation and post-weaning periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Canul-Medina
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Av. del Iman #1, 4th Floor, 04530, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristina Fernandez-Mejia
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Av. del Iman #1, 4th Floor, 04530, Mexico City, Mexico.
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12
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Wongdee K, Rodrat M, Teerapornpuntakit J, Krishnamra N, Charoenphandhu N. Factors inhibiting intestinal calcium absorption: hormones and luminal factors that prevent excessive calcium uptake. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:683-696. [PMID: 31222614 PMCID: PMC10717634 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Besides the two canonical calciotropic hormones, namely parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3], there are several other endocrine and paracrine factors, such as prolactin, estrogen, and insulin-like growth factor that have been known to directly stimulate intestinal calcium absorption. Generally, to maintain an optimal plasma calcium level, these positive regulators enhance calcium absorption, which is indirectly counterbalanced by a long-loop negative feedback mechanism, i.e., through calcium-sensing receptor in the parathyroid chief cells. However, several lines of recent evidence have revealed the presence of calcium absorption inhibitors present in the intestinal lumen and extracellular fluid in close vicinity to enterocytes, which could also directly compromise calcium absorption. For example, luminal iron, circulating fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23, and stanniocalcin can decrease calcium absorption, thereby preventing excessive calcium uptake under certain conditions. Interestingly, the intestinal epithelial cells themselves could lower their rate of calcium uptake after exposure to high luminal calcium concentration, suggesting a presence of an ultra-short negative feedback loop independent of systemic hormones. The existence of neural regulation is also plausible but this requires more supporting evidence. In the present review, we elaborate on the physiological significance of these negative feedback regulators of calcium absorption, and provide evidence to show how our body can efficiently restrict a flood of calcium influx in order to maintain calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannikar Wongdee
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mayuree Rodrat
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Jarinthorn Teerapornpuntakit
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Nateetip Krishnamra
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Narattaphol Charoenphandhu
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand.
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13
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Wongdee K, Rodrat M, Keadsai C, Jantarajit W, Teerapornpuntakit J, Thongbunchoo J, Charoenphandhu N. Activation of calcium-sensing receptor by allosteric agonists cinacalcet and AC-265347 abolishes the 1,25(OH)2D3-induced Ca2+ transport: Evidence that explains how the intestine prevents excessive Ca2+ absorption. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 657:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Prolonged exposure to 1,25(OH) 2D 3 and high ionized calcium induces FGF-23 production in intestinal epithelium-like Caco-2 monolayer: A local negative feedback for preventing excessive calcium transport. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 640:10-16. [PMID: 29317227 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Overdose of oral calcium supplement and excessive intestinal calcium absorption can contribute pathophysiological conditions, e.g., nephrolithiasis, vascular calcification, dementia, and cardiovascular accident. Since our previous investigation has indicated that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 could abolish the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]-enhanced calcium absorption, we further hypothesized that FGF-23 produced locally in the enterocytes might be part of a local negative feedback loop to regulate calcium absorption. Herein, 1,25(OH)2D3 was found to enhance the transcellular calcium transport across the epithelium-like Caco-2 monolayer, and this stimulatory effect was diminished by preceding prolonged exposure to high-dose 1,25(OH)2D3 or high concentration of apical ionized calcium. Pretreatment with a neutralizing antibody for FGF-23 prevented this negative feedback regulation of calcium hyperabsorption induced by 1,25(OH)2D3. FGF-23 exposure completely abolished the 1,25(OH)2D3-enhanced calcium transport. Western blot analysis revealed that FGF-23 expression was upregulated in a dose-dependent manner by 1,25(OH)2D3 or apical calcium exposure. Finally, calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) inhibitors were found to prevent the apical calcium-induced suppression of calcium transport. In conclusion, prolonged exposure to high apical calcium and calcium hyperabsorption were sensed by CaSR, which, in turn, increased FGF-23 expression to suppress calcium transport. This local negative feedback loop can help prevent unnecessary calcium uptake and its detrimental consequences.
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15
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Onal M, Carlson AH, Thostenson JD, Benkusky NA, Meyer MB, Lee SM, Pike JW. A Novel Distal Enhancer Mediates Inflammation-, PTH-, and Early Onset Murine Kidney Disease-Induced Expression of the Mouse Fgf23 Gene. JBMR Plus 2017. [PMID: 29527594 PMCID: PMC5842943 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) production is regulated by both calciotropic hormones and inflammation. Consistent with this, elevated FGF23 levels are associated with inflammatory markers as well as parathyroid hormone (PTH) in various disease states, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the molecular mechanisms underpinning Fgf23 transcription in response to these regulators are largely unknown. We therefore utilized chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by DNA sequencing (ChIP‐seq) data from an osteocyte cell line to identify potential regulatory regions of the Fgf23 gene. Based on ChIP‐seq analysis of enhancer‐associated histone modifications, including H3K4 methylation and H3K9 acetylation, we discovered several potential enhancers for Fgf23, one of which was located 16kb upstream of the gene's transcriptional start site. Deletion of this putative enhancer from the mouse genome using CRISPR‐Cas9 technology led to lower bone, thymus, and spleen expression of Fgf23 mRNA without altering circulating levels of the intact hormone, although as previously reported, only bone displayed significant basal expression. Nevertheless, lack of the −16kb enhancer blunted FGF23 upregulation in a tissue‐specific manner by the acute inflammatory inducers lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin‐1‐beta (IL‐1β), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα) in bone, non‐osseous tissues, and in circulation. Lack of the −16kb enhancer also inhibited PTH‐induced bone Fgf23 mRNA. Moreover, the absence of this Fgf23 enhancer in an oxalate diet‐induced murine CKD model prevented the early onset induction of osseous, renal, and thymic Fgf23 mRNA levels and led to a significant blunting of elevated circulating intact FGF23 levels. These results suggest that −16kb enhancer mediates the induction of Fgf23 by inflammation and PTH and facilitates the increase in FGF23 expression in a murine model of CKD. As exemplified herein, these Fgf23 enhancer‐deleted mice will provide a unique model in which to study the role of FGF23 expression in inflammatory diseases. © 2017 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melda Onal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Alex H Carlson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeff D Thostenson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Nancy A Benkusky
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark B Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Seong M Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J Wesley Pike
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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16
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Beggs MR, Appel I, Svenningsen P, Skjødt K, Alexander RT, Dimke H. Expression of transcellular and paracellular calcium and magnesium transport proteins in renal and intestinal epithelia during lactation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F629-F640. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00680.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant alterations in maternal calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) balance occur during lactation. Ca2+ is the primary divalent cation mobilized into breast milk by demineralization of the skeleton and alterations in intestinal and renal Ca2+ transport. Mg2+ is also concentrated in breast milk, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. To determine the molecular alterations in Ca2+ and Mg2+ transport in the intestine and kidney during lactation, three groups of female mice consisting of either nonpregnant controls, lactating mice, or mice undergoing involution were examined. The fractional excretion of Ca2+, but not Mg2+, rose significantly during lactation. Renal 1-α hydroxylase and 24-OHase mRNA levels increased markedly, as did plasma 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D levels. This was accompanied by significant increases in intestinal expression of Trpv6 and S100g in lactating mice. However, no alterations in the expression of cation-permeable claudin-2, claudin-12, or claudins-15 were found in the intestine. In the kidney, increased expression of Trpv5 and Calb1 was observed during lactation, while no changes in claudins involved in Ca2+ and Mg2+ transport (claudin-2, claudin-14, claudin-16, or claudin-19) were found. Consistent with the mRNA expression, expression of both calbindin-D28K and transient receptor potential vanilloid 5 (TRPV5) proteins increased. Colonic Trpm6 expression increased during lactation, while renal Trpm6 remained unaltered. In conclusion, proteins involved in transcellular Ca2+ and Mg2+ transport pathways increase during lactation, while expression of paracellular transport proteins remained unchanged. Increased fractional Ca2+ excretion can be explained by vitamin D-dependent intestinal hyperabsorption and bone demineralization, despite enhanced transcellular Ca2+ uptake by the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R. Beggs
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ida Appel
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per Svenningsen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Karsten Skjødt
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and
| | - R. Todd Alexander
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Henrik Dimke
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Beggs MR, Alexander RT. Intestinal absorption and renal reabsorption of calcium throughout postnatal development. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:840-849. [PMID: 28346014 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217699536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium is vital for many physiological functions including bone mineralization. Postnatal deposition of calcium into bone is greatest in infancy and continues through childhood and adolescence until peek mineral density is reached in early adulthood. Thereafter, bone mineral density remains static until it eventually declines in later life. A positive calcium balance, i.e. more calcium absorbed than excreted, is crucial to bone deposition during growth and thus to peek bone mineral density. Dietary calcium is absorbed from the intestine into the blood. It is then filtered by the renal glomerulus and either reabsorbed by the tubule or excreted in the urine. Calcium can be (re)absorbed across intestinal and renal epithelia via both transcellular and paracellular pathways. Current evidence suggests that significant intestinal and renal calcium transport changes occur throughout development. However, the molecular details of these alterations are incompletely delineated. Here we first briefly review the current model of calcium transport in the intestine and renal tubule in the adult. Then, we describe what is known with regard to calcium handling through postnatal development, and how alterations may aid in mediating a positive calcium balance. The role of transcellular and paracellular calcium transport pathways and the contribution of specific intestinal and tubular segments vary with age. However, the current literature highlights knowledge gaps in how specifically intestinal and renal calcium (re)absorption occurs early in postnatal development. Future research should clarify the specific changes in calcium transport throughout early postnatal development including mediators of these alterations enabling appropriate bone mineralization. Impact statement This mini review outlines the current state of knowledge pertaining to the molecules and mechanisms maintaining a positive calcium balance throughout postnatal development. This process is essential to achieving optimal bone mineral density in early adulthood, thereby lowering the lifetime risk of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Beggs
- 1 Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - R Todd Alexander
- 1 Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada.,2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
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18
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Wongdee K, Krishnamra N, Charoenphandhu N. Derangement of calcium metabolism in diabetes mellitus: negative outcome from the synergy between impaired bone turnover and intestinal calcium absorption. J Physiol Sci 2017; 67:71-81. [PMID: 27671701 PMCID: PMC10717635 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-016-0487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Both types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM) are associated with profound deterioration of calcium and bone metabolism, partly from impaired intestinal calcium absorption, leading to a reduction in calcium uptake into the body. T1DM is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis, whereas the skeletal changes in T2DM are variable, ranging from normal to increased and to decreased BMD. However, both types of DM eventually compromise bone quality through production of advanced glycation end products and misalignment of collagen fibrils (so-called matrix failure), thereby culminating in a reduction of bone strength. The underlying cellular mechanisms (cellular failure) are related to suppression of osteoblast-induced bone formation and bone calcium accretion, as well as to enhancement of osteoclast-induced bone resorption. Several other T2DM-related pathophysiological changes, e.g., osteoblast insulin resistance, impaired productions of osteogenic growth factors (particularly insulin-like growth factor 1 and bone morphogenetic proteins), overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, also aggravate diabetic osteopathy. In the kidney, DM and the resultant hyperglycemia lead to calciuresis and hypercalciuria in both humans and rodents. Furthermore, DM causes deranged functions of endocrine factors related to mineral metabolism, e.g., parathyroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and fibroblast growth factor-23. Despite the wealth of information regarding impaired bone remodeling in DM, the long-lasting effects of DM on calcium metabolism in young growing individuals, pregnant women, and neonates born to women with gestational DM have received scant attention, and their underlying mechanisms are almost unknown and worth exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannikar Wongdee
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Nateetip Krishnamra
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Narattaphol Charoenphandhu
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Arslan MS, Sahin M, Karakose M, Tutal E, Topaloglu O, Ucan B, Demirci T, Caliskan M, Ozdemir S, Ozbek M, Cakal E. SERUM LEVELS OF FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR-23, OSTEOPROTEGERIN, AND RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B LIGAND IN PATIENTS WITH PROLACTINOMA. Endocr Pract 2016; 23:266-370. [PMID: 27849387 DOI: 10.4158/ep161440.or] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study to was to evaluate the effect of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator nuclear κB ligand (RANKL), and vitamin D hormones on bone loss in patients with hyperprolactinemia due to pituitary prolactinoma. METHODS We recruited 46 premenopausal female patients with prolactinoma and age and sex-matched healthy controls (Group 3, n = 20) for this cross-sectional study. Prolactinoma patients were divided into 2 groups as patients newly diagnosed (Group 1, n = 26) and those under cabergoline treatment (Group 2, n = 20). Anthropometric and metabolic variables; hormonal profiles; and osteocalcin, deoxypyridinoline (DOP), and bone mineral density measurements were performed for all participants. FGF-23, OPG, and RANKL levels were analyzed in all groups. RESULTS FGF-23, OPG, calcium, phosphorus, and parathormone levels were similar between all groups despite significantly higher levels in the control group in terms of vitamin D and RANKL levels than in patients. Bone loss was found more in Group 2, particularly observed in Z scores of femur and spinal bone (P<.05). Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between FGF-23 and femur neck T score (r = -0.0433, P = .05) in patients with active prolactinoma. A positive correlation was also observed between parameters of DOP and OPG (r = 0.673, P = .02). In patients with remission there were a negative correlation between prolactin and luteinizing hormone (r = -600, P = .08). Additionally, a negative correlation was found between osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin in patients in remission (r = -0.73, P = .01). CONCLUSION Our data indicated that FGF-23 and OPG levels do not play a critical role on the development of bone decrease in patients with hyperprolactinemia. However, further prospective studies in larger numbers of participants should be designed to clarify this issue. ABBREVIATIONS BFP = body fat percentage BMD = bone mineral density BMI = body mass index CV = coefficient of variation DOP = deoxypyridinoline ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay FGF-23 = fibroblast growth factor-23 HOMA-IR = homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance OPG = osteoprotegerin RANKL = receptor activator nuclear κB ligand.
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