1
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Misra R, Sanjana Sharath N. Red blood cells based nanotheranostics: A smart biomimetic approach for fighting against cancer. Int J Pharm 2024; 661:124401. [PMID: 38986966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The technique of engineering drug delivery vehicles continues to develop, which bring enhancements in working more efficiently and minimizing side effects to make it more effective and safer. The intense capability of therapeutic agents to remain undamaged in a harsh extracellular environment is helpful to the success of drug development efforts. With this in mind, alterations of biopharmaceuticals with enhanced stability and decreased immunogenicity have been an increasingly active focus of such efforts. Red blood cells (RBCs), also known as erythrocytes have undergone extensive scrutiny as potential vehicles for drug delivery due to their remarkable attributes over the years of research. These include intrinsic biocompatibility, minimal immunogenicity, flexibility, and prolonged systemic circulation. Throughout the course of investigation, a diverse array of drug delivery platforms based on RBCs has emerged. These encompass genetically engineered RBCs, non-genetically modified RBCs, and RBC membrane-coated nanoparticles, each devised to cater to a range of biomedical objectives. Given their prevalence in the circulatory system, RBCs have gained significant attention for their potential to serve as biomimetic coatings for artificial nanocarriers. By virtue of their surface emulation capabilities and customizable core materials, nanocarriers mimicking these RBCs, hold considerable promise across a spectrum of applications, spanning drug delivery, imaging, phototherapy, immunomodulation, sensing, and detection. These multifaceted functionalities underscore the considerable therapeutic and diagnostic potential across various diseases. Our proposed review provides the synthesis of recent strides in the theranostic utilization of erythrocytes in the context of cancer. It also delves into the principal challenges and prospects intrinsic to this realm of research. The focal point of this review pertains to accentuating the significance of erythrocyte-based theranostic systems in combating cancer. Furthermore, it precisely records the latest and the most specific methodologies for tailoring the attributes of these biomimetic nanoscale formulations, attenuating various discoveries for the treatment and management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjita Misra
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Research in Pure and Applied Sciences, School of Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), JC Road, Bengaluru 560027, Karnataka, India.
| | - Naomi Sanjana Sharath
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Research in Pure and Applied Sciences, School of Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), JC Road, Bengaluru 560027, Karnataka, India
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2
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Negut I, Bita B. Polymersomes as Innovative, Stimuli-Responsive Platforms for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:463. [PMID: 38675124 PMCID: PMC11053450 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the urgent need for more targeted and less toxic cancer treatments by exploring the potential of multi-responsive polymersomes. These advanced nanocarriers are engineered to deliver drugs precisely to tumor sites by responding to specific stimuli such as pH, temperature, light, hypoxia, and redox conditions, thereby minimizing the side effects associated with traditional chemotherapy. We discuss the design, synthesis, and recent applications of polymersomes, emphasizing their ability to improve therapeutic outcomes through controlled drug release and targeted delivery. Moreover, we highlight the critical areas for future research, including the optimization of polymersome-biological interactions and biocompatibility, to facilitate their clinical adoption. Multi-responsive polymersomes emerge as a promising development in nanomedicine, offering a pathway to safer and more effective cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Negut
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 077125 Magurele, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Bita
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 077125 Magurele, Romania;
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania
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3
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Zhang L, Yu Y, Wang Q, Huang X, Feng Z, Li Z. Oridonin loaded peptide nanovesicles alleviate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Pharm Dev Technol 2024; 29:123-130. [PMID: 38327230 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2315460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
This study was to construct a nanovesicle delivery system to improve the loading efficiency and stability of ORI for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This nanovesicles (NVs) exerted a narrow size distribution (195.6 ± 11.49 nm) and high entrapment efficiency (84.46 ± 1.34%). In vitro cell studies demonstrated that the NVs treatment enhanced the cellular uptake of ORI and reduced lipid over-accumulation and total cholesterol levels in NAFLD cell model. At the same time, in vivo study proved that, compared with the normal group, the model group mice showed a decrease in body weight, a significant increase in liver index (6.71 ± 0.62, p < 0.01), and symptoms of liver lipid accumulation, lipid vesicles, and liver tissue fibrosis. Compared with the model group, after high-dose ORI NVs intervention, mice gained weight, decreased liver index (4.69 ± 0.55, p < 0.01), reduced hepatic lipid droplet vacuoles, reduced lipid accumulation (reduced oil red area, p < 0.001), and alleviated the degree of liver fibrosis (reduced blue collagen area, p < 0.001). In conclusion, ORI/HP-β-CD/H9-HePC NVs showed specific liver accumulation and improved therapeutic effects, the nano drug loading system provides a promising strategy for the encapsulation of ORI to effectively alleviate the process of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yao Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
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4
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Wickline SA, Hou KK, Pan H. Peptide-Based Nanoparticles for Systemic Extrahepatic Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleotides. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119455. [PMID: 37298407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based nanoparticles (PBN) for nucleotide complexation and targeting of extrahepatic diseases are gaining recognition as potent pharmaceutical vehicles for fine-tuned control of protein production (up- and/or down-regulation) and for gene delivery. Herein, we review the principles and mechanisms underpinning self-assembled formation of PBN, cellular uptake, endosomal release, and delivery to extrahepatic disease sites after systemic administration. Selected examples of PBN that have demonstrated recent proof of concept in disease models in vivo are summarized to offer the reader a comparative view of the field and the possibilities for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Wickline
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Kirk K Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein and Doheny Eye Institutes, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hua Pan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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5
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Saindane D, Bhattacharya S, Shah R, Prajapati BG. The recent development of topical nanoparticles for annihilating skin cancer. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2103592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dnyanesh Saindane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, India
| | - Sankha Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, India
| | - Rahul Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, India
| | - Bhupendra G. Prajapati
- Dept. of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shree S.K.Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Ganpat University, Kherva, India
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6
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Kunte N, Westerfield M, McGraw E, Choi J, Akinsipe T, Whitaker SK, Brannen A, Panizzi P, Tomich JM, Avila LA. Evaluation of transfection efficacy, biodistribution, and toxicity of branched amphiphilic peptide capsules (BAPCs) associated with mRNA. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:6980-6991. [PMID: 36254388 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01314b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown to be a suitable mRNA delivery platform by conferring protection against ribonucleases and facilitating cellular uptake. Several NPs have succeeded in delivering mRNA intranasally, intratracheally, and intramuscularly in preclinical settings. However, intravenous mRNA delivery has been less explored. Only a few NPs have been tested for systemic delivery of mRNA, many of which are formulated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). The incorporation of PEG presents some tradeoffs that must be carefully considered when designing a systemic delivery model. For example, while the addition of PEG may prolong circulation time by preventing early clearance by the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS), it has also been reported that treating patients with PEGylated drugs can result in hypersensitivity reactions due to anti-PEG antibodies. Thus, it is desirable to have alternative PEG-free delivery methods for mRNA to avoid these adverse effects while preserving the beneficial effects. Our research group developed BAPCs (branched amphiphilic peptide capsules), a peptide-based nanoparticle that resists disruption by chaotropes, proteases, and elevated temperature, thus displaying significant stability and shelf-life. In this study, we demonstrated that similarly to PEG, mRNA shields the BAPC cationic surface to avoid early clearance by the MPS. Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) and fluorescence reflectance imaging were imaging techniques used to analyze biodistribution within major MPS organs. Analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression showed that BAPC-mRNA complexes do not cause chronic inflammation. Additionally, BAPCs enhance intracellular delivery of mRNA with negligible cytotoxicity or oxidative stress. These results might pave the way for future therapeutic applications of BAPCs as a delivery platform for systemic mRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Kunte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL- 36849, USA.
| | - Matthew Westerfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL- 36849, USA.
| | - Erin McGraw
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL- 36849, USA.
| | - Jiyeong Choi
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, NY- 14853, USA
| | - Tosin Akinsipe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL- 36849, USA.
| | - Susan K Whitaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 141 Chalmers Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas- 66506, USA
| | | | - Peter Panizzi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - John M Tomich
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, NY- 14853, USA
| | - L Adriana Avila
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL- 36849, USA.
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7
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Kawasaki T, Yamaguchi Y, Kitahara H, Irizawa A, Tani M. Exploring Biomolecular Self-Assembly with Far-Infrared Radiation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091326. [PMID: 36139165 PMCID: PMC9496551 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical engineering technology using far-infrared radiation has been gathering attention in chemical, biological, and material research fields. In particular, the high-power radiation at the terahertz region can give remarkable effects on biological materials distinct from a simple thermal treatment. Self-assembly of biological molecules such as amyloid proteins and cellulose fiber plays various roles in medical and biomaterials fields. A common characteristic of those biomolecular aggregates is a sheet-like fibrous structure that is rigid and insoluble in water, and it is often hard to manipulate the stacking conformation without heating, organic solvents, or chemical reagents. We discovered that those fibrous formats can be conformationally regulated by means of intense far-infrared radiations from a free-electron laser and gyrotron. In this review, we would like to show the latest and the past studies on the effects of far-infrared radiation on the fibrous biomaterials and to suggest the potential use of the far-infrared radiation for regulation of the biomolecular self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayasu Kawasaki
- Accelerator Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba 305-0801, Ibaraki, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Yuusuke Yamaguchi
- Research Center for Development of Far-Infrared Region, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kitahara
- Research Center for Development of Far-Infrared Region, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Fukui, Japan
| | - Akinori Irizawa
- SR Center, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tani
- Research Center for Development of Far-Infrared Region, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Fukui, Japan
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8
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Chen J, Wang W, Wang Y, Yuan X, He C, Pei P, Su S, Zhao W, Luo SZ, Chen L. Self-assembling Branched Amphiphilic Peptides for Targeted Delivery of Small Molecule Anticancer Drugs. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 179:137-146. [PMID: 36096399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Water insolubility poses a significant challenge in the clinical applications of many small molecule drugs. To improve the drug delivery efficiency, two branched amphiphilic peptides (BAPs) were designed in a computer-aided manner, for drug-loading through peptide self-assembling. The structures of the two BAPs, bis(LVFFA)-K-RGD (PepV-1) and bis(FHF)-K-RGD (PepV-2), were inspired by phospholipids, containing the RGD sequence as the hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic sequences as the hydrophobic tails. PepV-1 could self-assemble into nano-fibrils with a hydrophobic core and the RGD moiety on the surface. Its drug-loading efficiency (DE%) of three small molecule anticancer drugs (doxorubicin, camptothecin and curcumin) ranged from 9.90% to 11.74%, and entrapment efficiency (EE%) ranged from 37.30% to 43.00%. Pep-V2 could self-assemble into bilayer delimited nano-vesicles. The DE% of PepV-2 for these drugs ranged from 15.87% to 18.55%, and the EE% ranged from 60.45% to 73.23%. Both BAP carriers could prolong the release of the small molecule drugs, and the PepV-2 vesicles also showed pH-triggered increase of drug release due to the histidine residues. Bothe BAP carriers could increase the cytotoxicity against cancer cells, which might be due to the targeting on the cancer overexpressed integrins. The designed BAP carriers represent promising functional drug carriers for targeted drug delivery, and will be useful for improving the clinical use of small molecule drugs, especially for those with poor water solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Wujun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xiushuang Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Chengzhi He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Pei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Shengdi Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Weihong Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Zhong Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China.
| | - Long Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China.
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9
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Alenazi AS, El-Bagory IM, Yassin AB, Alanazi FK, Alsarra IA, Haq N, Bayomi MA, Shakeel F. Design of polymeric nanoparticles for oral delivery of capreomycin peptide using double emulsion technique: Impact of stress conditions. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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McGraw E, Roberts JD, Kunte N, Westerfield M, Streety X, Held D, Avila LA. Insight into Cellular Uptake and Transcytosis of Peptide Nanoparticles in Spodoptera frugiperda Cells and Isolated Midgut. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:10933-10943. [PMID: 35415340 PMCID: PMC8991906 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silencing genes in insects by introducing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in the diet holds promise as a new pest management method. It has been demonstrated that nanoparticles (NPs) can potentiate dsRNA silencing effects by promoting cellular internalization and protecting dsRNA against early degradation. However, many mysteries of how NPs and dsRNA are internalized by gut epithelial cells and, subsequently, transported across the midgut epithelium remain to be unraveled. The sole purpose of the current study is to investigate the role of endocytosis and transcytosis in the transport of branched amphipathic peptide nanocapsules (BAPCs) associated with dsRNA through midgut epithelium cells. Spodoptera frugiperda midguts and the epithelial cell line Sf9, derived from S. frugiperda, were used to study transcytosis and endocytosis, respectively. Results suggest that clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis are largely responsible for cellular uptake, and once within the midgut, transcytosis is involved in shuttling BAPCs-dsRNA from the lumen to the hemolymph. In addition, BAPCs were not found to be toxic to Sf9 cells or generate damaging reactive species once internalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin McGraw
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5412, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Roberts
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5412, United States
| | - Nitish Kunte
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5412, United States
| | - Matthew Westerfield
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5412, United States
| | - Xavier Streety
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5412, United States
| | - David Held
- Department
of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn
University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5412, United States
| | - L. Adriana Avila
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5412, United States
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11
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Wei S, Zhou D, Qin J, Peng B, Zan X. Insight into the mechanism and formation process of bioinspired poly(amino acid)/polyphenol capsules engineered with fast pH switchable permeability. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 210:112234. [PMID: 34871819 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Capsules have hollow cores and closed wall structures, and they have attracted considerable interest due to their wide applications and significance in life science. The engineering process of bioinspired capsules and related applications have earned heavy concerns. However, the mechanism of capsule formation is often ignored. Herein, based on polyornithine (POR) and tannic acid (TA), two facile strategies to engineer bioinspired capsules were proposed, and the formation mechanisms were deeply explored. We found that the oxidized state of TA had a profound influence not on the thickness or permeability of the formed capsule but on the mechanism and generation process. Compared to TA/POR capsules produced from TA without oxidization (TA/POR), capsules produced from TA with preoxidization (oTA/POR) had thicker shells with higher impermeability. The dominant construction mode in the shells of TA/POR capsules was electrostatic interactions but became Schiff base bonds in oTA/POR capsules. The permeability of oTA/POR displayed pH reversibility and strong pH dependence, with 100% permeability at lower pH and 100% impermeability at pH 7, completing loading/releasing kinetics in minutes at pH 4. We believe these findings contribute to knowledge of bioinspired capsules from engineering processes and formation mechanisms, extending their applications in various fields, such as in drug delivery, artificial cells, and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyin Wei
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Daozhen Zhou
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Jianghui Qin
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Bo Peng
- Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Jinlian Road, Wenzhou 325001, PR China.
| | - Xingjie Zan
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325035, PR China; Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Jinlian Road, Wenzhou 325001, PR China.
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12
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Chaverra-Rodriguez D, Dalla Benetta E, Heu CC, Rasgon JL, Ferree PM, Akbari OS. Germline mutagenesis of Nasonia vitripennis through ovarian delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 29:569-577. [PMID: 32715554 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing is a powerful technology to study the genetics of rising model organisms, such as the jewel wasp Nasonia vitripennis. However, current methods involving embryonic microinjection of CRISPR reagents are challenging. Delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein into female ovaries is an alternative that has only been explored in a small handful of insects, such as mosquitoes, whiteflies and beetles. Here, we developed a simple protocol for germline gene editing by injecting Cas9 ribonucleoprotein in adult N. vitripennis females using either ReMOT control (Receptor-Mediated Ovary Transduction of Cargo) or BAPC (Branched Amphiphilic Peptide Capsules) as ovary delivery methods. For ReMOT Control we used the Drosophila melanogaster-derived peptide 'P2C' fused to EGFP to visualize the ovary delivery, and fused to Cas9 protein for gene editing of the cinnabar gene using saponin as an endosomal escape reagent. For BAPC we optimized the concentrations of protein, sgRNA and the transfection reagent. We demonstrate delivery of protein cargo such as EGFP and Cas9 into developing oocytes via P2C peptide and BAPC. Additionally, somatic and germline gene editing were demonstrated. This approach will greatly facilitate CRISPR-applied genetic manipulation in this and other rising model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chaverra-Rodriguez
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - E Dalla Benetta
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- W. M. Keck Science Department, Claremont McKenna, Pitzer, and Scripps Colleges, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - C C Heu
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- The Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - J L Rasgon
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- The Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - P M Ferree
- W. M. Keck Science Department, Claremont McKenna, Pitzer, and Scripps Colleges, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - O S Akbari
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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13
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Hassan D, Omolo CA, Fasiku VO, Elrashedy AA, Mocktar C, Nkambule B, Soliman MES, Govender T. Formulation of pH-Responsive Quatsomes from Quaternary Bicephalic Surfactants and Cholesterol for Enhanced Delivery of Vancomycin against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1093. [PMID: 33202629 PMCID: PMC7696852 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, human beings continue to be at high risk of infectious diseases caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); and current treatments are being depleted due to antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, the synthesis and formulation of novel materials is essential for combating antimicrobial resistance. The study aimed to synthesize a quaternary bicephalic surfactant (StBAclm) and thereof to formulate pH-responsive vancomycin (VCM)-loaded quatsomes to enhance the activity of the antibiotic against MRSA. The surfactant structure was confirmed using 1H, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The quatsomes were prepared using a sonication/dispersion method and were characterized using various in vitro, in vivo, and in silico techniques. The in vitro cell biocompatibility studies of the surfactant and pH-responsive vancomycin-loaded quatsomes (VCM-StBAclm-Qt1) revealed that they are biosafe. The prepared quatsomes had a mean hydrodynamic diameter (MHD), polydispersity index (PDI), and drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE) of 122.9 ± 3.78 nm, 0.169 ± 0.02 mV, and 52.22 ± 8.4%, respectively, with surface charge switching from negative to positive at pH 7.4 and pH 6.0, respectively. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) characterization of the quatsomes showed spherical vesicles with MHD similar to the one obtained from the zeta-sizer. The in vitro drug release of VCM from the quatsomes was faster at pH 6.0 compared to pH 7.4. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the drug loaded quatsomes against MRSA was 32-fold and 8-fold lower at pH 6.0 and pH 7.4, respectively, compared to bare VCM, demonstrating the pH-responsiveness of the quatsomes and the enhanced activity of VCM at acidic pH. The drug-loaded quatsomes demonstrated higher electrical conductivity and a decrease in protein and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) concentrations as compared to the bare drug. This confirmed greater MRSA membrane damage, compared to treatment with bare VCM. The flow cytometry study showed that the drug-loaded quatsomes had a similar bactericidal killing effect on MRSA despite a lower (8-fold) VCM concentration when compared to the bare VCM. Fluorescence microscopy revealed the ability of the drug-loaded quatsomes to eradicate MRSA biofilms. The in vivo studies in a skin infection mice model showed that groups treated with VCM-loaded quatsomes had a 13-fold decrease in MRSA CFUs when compared to the bare VCM treated groups. This study confirmed the potential of pH-responsive VCM-StBAclm quatsomes as an effective delivery system for targeted delivery and for enhancing the activity of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hassan
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (D.H.); (V.O.F.); (A.A.E.); (C.M.); (M.E.S.S.)
| | - Calvin A. Omolo
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (D.H.); (V.O.F.); (A.A.E.); (C.M.); (M.E.S.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University-Africa, P. O. Box 14634, Nairobi 00800, Kenya
| | - Victoria Oluwaseun Fasiku
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (D.H.); (V.O.F.); (A.A.E.); (C.M.); (M.E.S.S.)
| | - Ahmed A Elrashedy
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (D.H.); (V.O.F.); (A.A.E.); (C.M.); (M.E.S.S.)
| | - Chunderika Mocktar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (D.H.); (V.O.F.); (A.A.E.); (C.M.); (M.E.S.S.)
| | - Bongani Nkambule
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (D.H.); (V.O.F.); (A.A.E.); (C.M.); (M.E.S.S.)
| | - Thirumala Govender
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (D.H.); (V.O.F.); (A.A.E.); (C.M.); (M.E.S.S.)
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14
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Emerging era of “somes”: polymersomes as versatile drug delivery carrier for cancer diagnostics and therapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 10:1171-1190. [PMID: 32504410 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, polymersomes have been widely investigated for the delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents in cancer therapy. Polymersomes are stable polymeric vesicles, which are prepared using amphiphilic block polymers of different molecular weights. The use of high molecular weight amphiphilic copolymers allows for possible manipulation of membrane characteristics, which in turn enhances the efficiency of drug delivery. Polymersomes are more stable in comparison with liposomes and show less toxicity in vivo. Furthermore, their ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, significant biocompatibility, robustness, high colloidal stability, and simple methods for ligands conjugation make polymersomes a promising candidate for therapeutic drug delivery in cancer therapy. This review is focused on current development in the application of polymersomes for cancer therapy and diagnosis. Graphical abstract.
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15
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Tarvirdipour S, Schoenenberger CA, Benenson Y, Palivan CG. A self-assembling amphiphilic peptide nanoparticle for the efficient entrapment of DNA cargoes up to 100 nucleotides in length. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:1678-1691. [PMID: 31967171 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01990a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the low efficiency and cytotoxicity associated with most non-viral DNA delivery systems we developed a purely peptidic self-assembling system that is able to entrap single- and double-stranded DNA of up to 100 nucleotides in length. (HR)3gT peptide design consists of a hydrophilic domain prone to undergo electrostatic interactions with DNA cargo, and a hydrophobic domain at a ratio that promotes the self-assembly into multi-compartment micellar nanoparticles (MCM-NPs). Self-assembled (HR)3gT MCM-NPs range between 100 to 180 nm which is conducive to a rapid and efficient uptake by cells. (HR)3gT MCM-NPs had no adverse effects on HeLa cell viability. In addition, they exhibit long-term structural stability at 4 °C but at 37 °C, the multi-micellar organization disassembles overtime which demonstrates their thermo-responsiveness. The comparison of (HR)3gT to a shorter, less charged H3gT peptide indicates that the additional arginine residues result in the incorporation of longer DNA segments, an improved DNA entrapment efficiency and an increase cellular uptake. Our unique non-viral system for DNA delivery sets the stage for developing amphiphilic peptide nanoparticles as candidates for future systemic gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Tarvirdipour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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16
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Wessel EM, Tomich JM, Todd RB. Biodegradable Drug-Delivery Peptide Nanocapsules. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:20059-20063. [PMID: 31788640 PMCID: PMC6882115 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Branched amphiphilic peptide capsules (BAPCs) are an efficient transport system that can deliver nucleic acids, small proteins, and solutes. The ability of BAPCs to break down is essential to their adoption as a delivery vehicle for human and agricultural applications. Until now, however, BAPCs were shown to be inert to mammalian degradation systems. Here, we demonstrate, using BAPCs encapsulating the toxic urea analogue thiourea, that the common soil fungus Aspergillus nidulans can degrade BAPCs. We provide evidence that this degradation is extracellular through the action of secreted proteases. Our data indicate that BAPCs are likely biodegradable in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Wessel
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, 206 Burt Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United
States
| | - John M. Tomich
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, 206 Burt Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United
States
| | - Richard B. Todd
- Department
of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, 1712 Claflin Road, 4024 Throckmorton
Plant Sciences Center, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United
States
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17
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Tumor target amplification: Implications for nano drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2018; 275:142-161. [PMID: 29454742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells overexpress surface markers which are absent from normal cells. These tumor-restricted antigenic signatures are a fundamental basis for distinguishing on-target from off-target cells for ligand-directed targeting of cancer cells. Unfortunately, tumor heterogeneity impedes the establishment of a solid expression pattern for a given target marker, leading to drastic changes in quality (availability) and quantity (number) of the target. Consequently, a subset of cancer cells remains untargeted during the course of treatment, which subsequently promotes drug-resistance and cancer relapse. Since target inefficiency is only problematic for cancer treatment and not for treatment of other pathological conditions such as viral/bacterial infections, target amplification or the generation of novel targets is key to providing eligible antigenic markers for effective targeted therapy. This review summarizes the limitations of current ligand-directed targeting strategies and provides a comprehensive overview of tumor target amplification strategies, including self-amplifying systems, dual targeting, artificial markers and peptide modification. We also discuss the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of these approaches, the underlying mechanism(s) and established methodologies, mostly in the context of different nanodelivery systems, to facilitate more effective ligand-directed cancer cell monitoring and targeting.
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18
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Delivery of lethal dsRNAs in insect diets by branched amphiphilic peptide capsules. J Control Release 2018; 273:139-146. [PMID: 29407675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Development of new and specific insect pest management methods is critical for overcoming pesticide resistance and collateral off-target killings. Gene silencing by feeding dsRNA to insects shows promise in this area. Here we described the use of a peptide nano-material, branched amphiphilic peptide capsules (BAPCs), that facilitates cellular uptake of dsRNA by insects through feeding. The insect diets included dsRNA with and without complexation with BAPCs. The selected insect species come from two different orders with different feeding mechanisms: Tribolium castaneum and Acyrthosiphon pisum. The gene transcripts tested (BiP and Armet) are part of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and suppressing their translation resulted in lethality. For Acyrthosiphon pisum, ingestion of BiP-dsRNA associated with BAPCs led to the premature death of the aphids (t1/2=4-5days) compared to ingestion of the same amounts of free BiP-dsRNA (t1/2=11-12days). Tribolium castaneum was effectively killed using a combination of BiP-dsRNA and Armet-dsRNA complexed with BAPCs; most dying as larvae or during eclosion (~75%). Feeding dsRNA alone resulted in fewer deaths (~30%). The results show that complexation of dsRNA with BAPCs enhanced the oral delivery of dsRNA over dsRNA alone.
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19
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Barros SDM, Avila LA, Whitaker SK, Wilkinson KE, Sukthankar P, Beltrão EIC, Tomich JM. Branched Amphipathic Peptide Capsules: Different Ratios of the Two Constituent Peptides Direct Distinct Bilayer Structures, Sizes, and DNA Transfection Efficiency. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:7096-7104. [PMID: 28654272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Branched amphipathic peptide capsules (BAPCs) are biologically derived, bilayer delimited, nanovesicles capable of being coated by or encapsulating a wide variety of solutes. The vesicles and their cargos are readily taken up by cells and become localized in the perinuclear region of cells. When BAPCs are mixed with DNA, the BAPCs act as cationic nucleation centers around which DNA winds. The BAPCs-DNA nanoparticles are capable of delivering plasmid DNA in vivo and in vitro yielding high transfection rates and minimal cytotoxicity. BAPCs share several biophysical properties with lipid vesicles. They are however considerably more stable-resisting disruption in the presence of chaotropes such as urea and guanidinium chloride, anionic detergents, proteases, and elevated temperature (∼95 °C). To date, all of our published results have utilized BAPCs that are composed of equimolar concentrations of the two branched sequences (Ac-FLIVI)2-K-K4-CO-NH2 and (Ac-FLIVIGSII)2-K-K4-CO-NH2. The mixture of sizes was utilized to relieve potential curvature strain in the spherical capsule. In this article, different molar ratios of the two peptides were studied to test whether alternate ratios produced BAPCs with different biological and biophysical properties. Additionally, preparation (annealing) temperature was included as a second variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila de M Barros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE , Recife, Pernambuco 50670-901, Brazil
| | - L Adriana Avila
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Susan K Whitaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Kayla E Wilkinson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Pinakin Sukthankar
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Eduardo I C Beltrão
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE , Recife, Pernambuco 50670-901, Brazil
| | - John M Tomich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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20
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Madadlou A, Abbaspourrad A. Bioactive whey peptide particles: An emerging class of nutraceutical carriers. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1468-1477. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1264064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Madadlou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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21
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Hou C, Huang Z, Fang Y, Liu J. Construction of protein assemblies by host–guest interactions with cucurbiturils. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:4272-4281. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00686a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein assembly is important in nature and bionics. Herein, we have reviewed the recent progress in protein assemblies induced by cucurbituril-based supramolecular interactions and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxi Hou
- State Key laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Zupeng Huang
- State Key laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Yu Fang
- State Key laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Junqiu Liu
- State Key laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
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22
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Avila L, Aps L, Ploscariu N, Sukthankar P, Guo R, Wilkinson K, Games P, Szoszkiewicz R, Alves R, Diniz M, Fang Y, Ferreira L, Tomich J. Gene delivery and immunomodulatory effects of plasmid DNA associated with Branched Amphiphilic Peptide Capsules. J Control Release 2016; 241:15-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Jia Z, Whitaker SK, Tomich JM, Chen J. Organization and Structure of Branched Amphipathic Oligopeptide Bilayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:9883-91. [PMID: 27584835 PMCID: PMC5039110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A class of self-assembling branched amphiphilic peptide capsules (BAPCs) was recently developed that could serve as a new drug delivery vehicle. BAPCs can encapsulate solutes up to ∼12 kDa during assembly, are unusually stable, and are readily taken up by cells with low cytotoxicity. Coarse-grained simulations have supported that BAPCs are defined by bilayers that resemble those formed by diacyl phospholipids. Here, atomistic simulations were performed to characterize the structure and organization of bilayers formed by three branched amphiphilic peptides (BAPs): bis(Ac-FLIVIGSII)-K-K4-CO-NH2, bis(Ac-CHA-LIVIGSII)-K-K4-CO-NH2, and bis(Ac-FLIVI)-K-K4-CO-NH2. The results show BAPs form a network of intra- and intermolecular backbone hydrogen bonds within the same leaflet in addition to hydrophobic side-chain interactions. The terminal residues of two leaflets form an interdigitation region locking two leaflets together. The phenyl groups in bis(Ac-FLIVIGSII)-K-K4-CO-NH2 and bis(Ac-FLIVI)-K-K4-CO-NH2 are tightly packed near the bilayer center but do not formed ordered structures with specific π-π stacking. Replacing phenyl groups with the cyclohexane side chain only slightly increases the level of disorder in bilayer structures and thus should not significantly affect the stability, consistent with experimental results on bis(Ac-CHA-LIVIGSII)-K-K4-CO-NH2 BAPCs. Self-assembly simulations further suggest that leaflet interdigitation likely occurs at early stages of BAPC formation. Atomistic simulations also reveal that the BAPC bilayers are highly permeable to water. This prediction was validated using fluorescence measurements of encapsulated self-quenching dye upon transferring BAPCs to buffers with different salt concentrations. Improved understanding of the organization and structure of BAPC bilayers at the atomic level will provide a basis for future rational modifications of BAP sequence to improve BAPC properties as a new class of delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jianhan Chen
- Corresponding Author: Phone: (785) 532-2518; Fax: (785) 532-7278;
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