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Zhu B, Sun L, Li Z, Shang P, Yang C, Li K, Li J, Zhi Q, Hua Z. Zinc as a potential regulator of the BCR-ABL oncogene in chronic myelocytic leukemia cells. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 83:127407. [PMID: 38325182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generally, decreased zinc in the serum of tumor patients but increased zinc in tumor cells can be observed. However, the role of zinc homeostasis in myeloid leukemia remains elusive. BCR-ABL is essential for the initiation, maintenance, and progression of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). We are currently investigating the association between zinc homeostasis and CML. METHODS Genes involved in zinc homeostasis were examined using three GEO datasets. Western blotting and qPCR were used to investigate the effects of zinc depletion on BCR-ABL expression. Furthermore, the effect of TPEN on BCR-ABL promoter activity was determined using the dual-luciferase reporter assay. MRNA stability and protein stability of BCR-ABL were assessed using actinomycin D and cycloheximide. RESULTS Transcriptome data mining revealed that zinc homeostasis-related genes were associated with CML progression and drug resistance. Several zinc homeostasis genes were affected by TPEN. Additionally, we found that zinc depletion by TPEN decreased BCR-ABL mRNA stability and transcriptional activity in K562 CML cells. Zinc supplementation and sodium nitroprusside treatment reversed BCR-ABL downregulation by TPEN, suggesting zinc- and nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms. CONCLUSION Our in vitro findings may help to understand the role of zinc homeostasis in BCR-ABL regulation and thus highlight the importance of zinc homeostasis in CML.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Apoptosis
- Ethylenediamines/pharmacology
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/pharmacology
- Genes, abl
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Zinc/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Longshuo Sun
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Li
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Pengyou Shang
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Chunhao Yang
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Kaiqiang Li
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jiahuang Li
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Qi Zhi
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Zichun Hua
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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2
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Ghosn ZA, Sparks KM, Spaulding JL, Vutukuri S, Ahmed MJJ, VanBerkum MFA. Divalent metal content in diet affects severity of manganese toxicity in Drosophila. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060204. [PMID: 38117005 PMCID: PMC10810561 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of manganese (Mn) homeostasis is a contributing factor in many neuro-degenerative diseases. Adult Drosophila are sensitive to excessive levels of dietary Mn, dying relatively early, and exhibiting biochemical and mobility changes reminiscent of Parkinsonian conditions. To further study Mn homeostasis in Drosophila, we sought to test lower levels of dietary Mn (5 mM) and noted a striking difference in Canton-S adult survivorship on different food. On a cornmeal diet, Mn-treated flies live only about half as long as untreated siblings. Yet, with the same Mn concentration in a molasses diet, adults survive about 80% as long as untreated siblings, and adults raised on a sucrose-yeast diet are completely insensitive to this low dose of dietary Mn. By manipulating metal ion content in the cornmeal diet, and measuring the metal content in each diet, we traced the difference in lifespan to the levels of calcium and magnesium in the food, suggesting that these ions are involved in Mn uptake and/or use. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the total dietary load of metal ions be considered when assessing Mn toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa A. Ghosn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Kailynn M. Sparks
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Jacob L. Spaulding
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Sanjana Vutukuri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mirza J. J. Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mark F. A. VanBerkum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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3
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Wagatsuma T, Suzuki E, Shiotsu M, Sogo A, Nishito Y, Ando H, Hashimoto H, Petris MJ, Kinoshita M, Kambe T. Pigmentation and TYRP1 expression are mediated by zinc through the early secretory pathway-resident ZNT proteins. Commun Biol 2023; 6:403. [PMID: 37072620 PMCID: PMC10113262 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase-related proteins 1 and 2 (TYRP1 and TYRP2) are essential for pigmentation. They are generally classified as type-3 copper proteins, with binuclear copper active sites. Although there is experimental evidence for a copper cofactor in TYR, delivered via the copper transporter, ATP7A, the presence of copper in TYRP1 and TYRP2 has not been demonstrated. Here, we report that the expression and function of TYRP1 requires zinc, mediated by ZNT5-ZNT6 heterodimers (ZNT5-6) or ZNT7-ZNT7 homodimers (ZNT7). Loss of ZNT5-6 and ZNT7 function results in hypopigmentation in medaka fish and human melanoma cells, and is accompanied by immature melanosomes and reduced melanin content, as observed in TYRP1 dysfunction. The requirement of ZNT5-6 and ZNT7 for TYRP1 expression is conserved in human, mouse, and chicken orthologs. Our results provide novel insights into the pigmentation process and address questions regarding metalation in tyrosinase protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Wagatsuma
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Eisuke Suzuki
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Miku Shiotsu
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akiko Sogo
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yukina Nishito
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideya Ando
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hashimoto
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Michael J Petris
- Departments of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Masato Kinoshita
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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4
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Hydrolytic (in)stability of phosphate isosteres. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114836. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wagatsuma T, Shimotsuma K, Sogo A, Sato R, Kubo N, Ueda S, Uchida Y, Kinoshita M, Kambe T. Zinc transport via ZNT5-6 and ZNT7 is critical for cell surface glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein expression. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102011. [PMID: 35525268 PMCID: PMC9168625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins play crucial roles in various enzyme activities, cell signaling and adhesion, and immune responses. While the molecular mechanism underlying GPI-anchored protein biosynthesis has been well studied, the role of zinc transport in this process has not yet been elucidated. Zn transporter (ZNT) proteins mobilize cytosolic zinc to the extracellular space and to intracellular compartments. Here, we report that the early secretory pathway ZNTs (ZNT5–ZNT6 heterodimers [ZNT5-6] and ZNT7–ZNT7 homodimers [ZNT7]), which supply zinc to the lumen of the early secretory pathway compartments are essential for GPI-anchored protein expression on the cell surface. We show, using overexpression and gene disruption/re-expression strategies in cultured human cells, that loss of ZNT5-6 and ZNT7 zinc transport functions results in significant reduction in GPI-anchored protein levels similar to that in mutant cells lacking phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis (PIG) genes. Furthermore, medaka fish with disrupted Znt5 and Znt7 genes show touch-insensitive phenotypes similar to zebrafish Pig mutants. These findings provide a previously unappreciated insight into the regulation of GPI-anchored protein expression and protein quality control in the early secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Wagatsuma
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Keiko Shimotsuma
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akiko Sogo
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Risa Sato
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8578 Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoya Kubo
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ueda
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchida
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8578 Sendai, Japan
| | - Masato Kinoshita
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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6
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Ueda S, Manabe Y, Kubo N, Morino N, Yuasa H, Shiotsu M, Tsuji T, Sugawara T, Kambe T. Early secretory pathway-resident Zn transporter proteins contribute to cellular sphingolipid metabolism through activation of sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C948-C959. [PMID: 35294847 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00020.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) converts sphingomyelin into ceramide and phosphocholine; hence, loss of SMPD1 function causes abnormal accumulation of sphingomyelin in lysosomes, which results in the lipid-storage disorder Niemann-Pick disease (types A and B). SMPD1 activity is dependent on zinc, which is coordinated at the active site of the enzyme, and although SMPD1 has been suggested to acquire zinc at the sites where the enzyme is localized, precisely how SMPD1 acquires zinc remains to be clarified. Here, we addressed this using a gene-disruption/re-expression strategy. Our results revealed that Zn transporter 5 (ZNT5)-ZNT6 heterodimers and ZNT7 homodimers, which localize in the compartments of the early secretory pathway, play essential roles in SMPD1 activation. Both ZNT complexes contribute to cellular sphingolipid metabolism by activating SMPD1 because cells lacking the functions of the two complexes exhibited a reduced ceramide to sphingomyelin content ratio in terms of their dominant molecular species and an increase in the sphingomyelin content in terms of three minor species. Moreover, mutant cells contained multilamellar body-like structures, indicative of membrane stacking and accumulation, in the cytoplasm. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the activation of SMPD1, a key enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Ueda
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Manabe
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Kubo
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naho Morino
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hana Yuasa
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miku Shiotsu
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tokuji Tsuji
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sugawara
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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7
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Abstract
Zn2+ ions are essential in many physiological processes, including enzyme catalysis, protein structural stabilization, and the regulation of many proteins. The affinities of proteins for Zn2+ ions span several orders of magnitude, with catalytic Zn2+ ions generally held more tightly than structural or regulatory ones. Metal carrier proteins, most of which are not specific for Zn2+, bind these ions with a broad range of affinities that overlap those of catalytic, structural, and regulatory Zn2+ ions and are thought to be responsible for distributing the metal through most cells, tissues, and fluid compartments. While little is known about how many proteins obtain or release these ions, there is now considerable experimental evidence suggesting that metal carrier proteins may be responsible for transferring metals to and from some Zn2+-dependent proteins, thus serving as a major regulatory factor for them. In this review, the biological roles of Zn2+ and structures of Zn2+ binding sites are examined, and experimental evidence demonstrating the direct participation of metal carrier proteins in enzyme regulation is discussed. Mechanisms of metal ion transfer are also offered, and the potential physiological significance of this phenomenon is explored.
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8
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Golgi Metal Ion Homeostasis in Human Health and Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020289. [PMID: 35053405 PMCID: PMC8773785 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is a membrane organelle located in the center of the protein processing and trafficking pathway. It consists of sub-compartments with distinct biochemical compositions and functions. Main functions of the Golgi, including membrane trafficking, protein glycosylation, and sorting, require a well-maintained stable microenvironment in the sub-compartments of the Golgi, along with metal ion homeostasis. Metal ions, such as Ca2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+, are important cofactors of many Golgi resident glycosylation enzymes. The homeostasis of metal ions in the secretory pathway, which is required for proper function and stress response of the Golgi, is tightly regulated and maintained by transporters. Mutations in the transporters cause human diseases. Here we provide a review specifically focusing on the transporters that maintain Golgi metal ion homeostasis under physiological conditions and their alterations in diseases.
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9
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Loviscach L, Backes TM, Langfermann DS, Ulrich M, Thiel G. Zn 2+ ions inhibit gene transcription following stimulation of the Ca 2+ channels Ca v1.2 and TRPM3. Metallomics 2020; 12:1735-1747. [PMID: 33030499 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00180e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zinc, a trace element, is necessary for the correct structure and function of many proteins. Therefore, Zn2+ has to be taken up by the cells, using specific Zn2+ transporters or Ca2+ channels. In this study, we have focused on two Ca2+ channels, the L-type voltage-gated Cav1.2 channel and the transient receptor potential channel TRPM3. Stimulation of either channel induces an intracellular signaling cascade leading to the activation of the transcription factor AP-1. The influx of Ca2+ ions into the cytoplasm is essential for this activity. We asked whether extracellular Zn2+ ions affect Cav1.2 or TRPM3-induced gene transcription following stimulation of the channels. The results show that extracellular Zn2+ ions reduced the activation of AP-1 by more than 80% following stimulation of either voltage-gated Cav1.2 channels or TRPM3 channels. Experiments performed with cells maintained in Ca2+-free medium revealed that Zn2+ ions cannot replace Ca2+ ions in inducing gene transcription via stimulation of Cav1.2 and TRPM3 channels. Re-addition of Ca2+ ions to the cell culture medium, however, restored the ability of these Ca2+ channels to induce a signaling cascade leading to the activation of AP-1. Secretory cells, including neurons and pancreatic β-cells, release Zn2+ ions during exocytosis. We propose that the released Zn2+ ions function as a negative feedback loop for stimulus-induced exocytosis by inhibiting Ca2+ channel signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Loviscach
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.
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10
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Suzuki E, Ogawa N, Takeda TA, Nishito Y, Tanaka YK, Fujiwara T, Matsunaga M, Ueda S, Kubo N, Tsuji T, Fukunaka A, Yamazaki T, Taylor KM, Ogra Y, Kambe T. Detailed analyses of the crucial functions of Zn transporter proteins in alkaline phosphatase activation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5669-5684. [PMID: 32179649 PMCID: PMC7186172 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous zinc ectoenzymes are metalated by zinc and activated in the compartments of the early secretory pathway before reaching their destination. Zn transporter (ZNT) proteins located in these compartments are essential for ectoenzyme activation. We have previously reported that ZNT proteins, specifically ZNT5-ZNT6 heterodimers and ZNT7 homodimers, play critical roles in the activation of zinc ectoenzymes, such as alkaline phosphatases (ALPs), by mobilizing cytosolic zinc into these compartments. However, this process remains incompletely understood. Here, using genetically-engineered chicken DT40 cells, we first determined that Zrt/Irt-like protein (ZIP) transporters that are localized to the compartments of the early secretory pathway play only a minor role in the ALP activation process. These transporters included ZIP7, ZIP9, and ZIP13, performing pivotal functions in maintaining cellular homeostasis by effluxing zinc out of the compartments. Next, using purified ALP proteins, we showed that zinc metalation on ALP produced in DT40 cells lacking ZNT5-ZNT6 heterodimers and ZNT7 homodimers is impaired. Finally, by genetically disrupting both ZNT5 and ZNT7 in human HAP1 cells, we directly demonstrated that the tissue-nonspecific ALP-activating functions of both ZNT complexes are conserved in human cells. Furthermore, using mutant HAP1 cells, we uncovered a previously-unrecognized and unique spatial regulation of ZNT5-ZNT6 heterodimer formation, wherein ZNT5 recruits ZNT6 to the Golgi apparatus to form the heterodimeric complex. These findings fill in major gaps in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying zinc ectoenzyme activation in the compartments of the early secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Suzuki
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Namino Ogawa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Takeda
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yukina Nishito
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yu-Ki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mayu Matsunaga
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ueda
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Naoya Kubo
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tokuji Tsuji
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ayako Fukunaka
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yamazaki
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Kathryn M Taylor
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Redwood Building, Cardiff University, King Edward VIIth Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Yasumitsu Ogra
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Taiho Kambe
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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11
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Vysloužil J, Kulich P, Zeman T, Vaculovič T, Tvrdoňová M, Mikuška P, Večeřa Z, Stráská J, Moravec P, Balcar VJ, Šerý O. Subchronic continuous inhalation exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles induces pulmonary cell response in mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 61:126511. [PMID: 32294608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We used mice as an animal model to investigate the entry of ZnO nanoparticles from the ambient air into the lungs and other organs, subsequent changes in Zn levels and the impact on the transcription of Zn homeostasis-related genes in the lungs. METHODS The mice were exposed to two concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles; lower (6.46 × 104 particles/cm3) and higher (1.93 × 106 particles/cm3), allowed to breathe the nanoparticles in the air for 12 weeks and subjected to necropsy. Characterization of the ZnO nanoparticles was done using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy was used to quantify ZnO nanoparticles in the lungs, brain, liver and kidney. The total zinc content in the lungs, brain, liver, kidney, red blood cells and plasma was estimated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Transcription rate of the genes was evaluated by RealTime PCR. RESULTS The two concentration of ZnO nanoparticles in the ambient air produced two different outcomes. The lower concentration resulted in significant increases in Zn content of the liver while the higher concentration significantly increased Zn in the lungs (p < 0.05). Additionally, at the lower concentration, Zn content was found to be lower in brain tissue (p < 0.05). Using TEM/EDX we detected ZnO nanoparticles inside the cells in the lungs, kidney and liver. Inhaling ZnO NP at the higher concentration increased the levels of mRNA of the following genes in the lungs: Mt2 (2.56 fold), Slc30a1 (1.52 fold) and Slc30a5 (2.34 fold). At the lower ZnO nanoparticle concentration, only Slc30a7 mRNA levels in the lungs were up (1.74 fold). Thus the two air concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles produced distinct effects on the expression of the Zn-homeostasis related genes. CONCLUSION Until adverse health effects of ZnO nanoparticles deposited in organs such as lungs are further investigated and/or ruled out, the exposure to ZnO nanoparticles in aerosols should be avoided or minimised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vysloužil
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 967/97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Neurobiology and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kulich
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 967/97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Zeman
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 967/97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vaculovič
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Tvrdoňová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Mikuška
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 967/97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Večeřa
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 967/97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Stráská
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Moravec
- Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 2/135, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir J Balcar
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 967/97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Bosch Institute and Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Anderson Stuart Building F13, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Omar Šerý
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 967/97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Neurobiology and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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12
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Abstract
Numerous zinc ectoenzymes are folded and activated in the compartments of the early secretory pathway, such as the ER and the Golgi apparatus, before reaching their final destination. During this process, zinc must be incorporated into the active site; therefore, metalation of the nascent protein is indispensable for the expression of the active enzyme. However, to date, the molecular mechanism underlying this process has been poorly investigated. This is in sharp contrast to the physiological and pathophysiological roles of zinc ectoenzymes, which have been extensively investigated over the past decades. This manuscript concisely outlines the present understanding of zinc ectoenzyme activation through metalation by zinc and compares this with copper ectoenzyme activation, in which elaborate copper metalation mechanisms are known. Moreover, based on the comparison, several hypotheses are discussed. Approximately 80 years have passed since the first zinc enzyme was identified; therefore, it is necessary to improve our understanding of zinc ectoenzymes from a biochemical perspective, which will further our understanding of their biological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies , Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
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13
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Ngo C, Mehta R, Aggarwal K, Fikes AG, Santos IC, Greer SM, Que EL. Pull-Down of Metalloproteins in Their Native States by Using Desthiobiotin-Based Probes. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1003-1007. [PMID: 30520207 PMCID: PMC6530555 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
One-third of all proteins are estimated to require metals for structural stability and/or catalytic activity. Desthiobiotin probes containing metal binding groups can be used to capture metalloproteins with exposed active-site metals under mild conditions so as to prevent changes in metallation state. The proof-of-concept was demonstrated with carbonic anhydrase (CA), an open active site, Zn2+ -containing protein. CA was targeted by using sulfonamide derivatives. Linkers of various lengths and structures were screened to determine the optimal structure for capture of the native protein. The optimized probes could selectively pull down CA from red blood cell lysate and other protein mixtures. Pull-down of differently metallated CAs was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinh Ngo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24 St Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Radhika Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24 St Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kanchan Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24 St Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Audrey G. Fikes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24 St Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ines C. Santos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24 St Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Sylvester M. Greer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24 St Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Emily L. Que
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24 St Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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14
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Zinc regulates ERp44-dependent protein quality control in the early secretory pathway. Nat Commun 2019; 10:603. [PMID: 30723194 PMCID: PMC6363758 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc ions (Zn2+) are imported into the early secretory pathway by Golgi-resident transporters, but their handling and functions are not fully understood. Here, we show that Zn2+ binds with high affinity to the pH-sensitive chaperone ERp44, modulating its localization and ability to retrieve clients like Ero1α and ERAP1 to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Silencing the Zn2+ transporters that uptake Zn2+ into the Golgi led to ERp44 dysfunction and increased secretion of Ero1α and ERAP1. High-resolution crystal structures of Zn2+-bound ERp44 reveal that Zn2+ binds to a conserved histidine-cluster. The consequent large displacements of the regulatory C-terminal tail expose the substrate-binding surface and RDEL motif, ensuring client capture and retrieval. ERp44 also forms Zn2+-bridged homodimers, which dissociate upon client binding. Histidine mutations in the Zn2+-binding sites compromise ERp44 activity and localization. Our findings reveal a role of Zn2+ as a key regulator of protein quality control at the ER-Golgi interface. Zinc ions (Zn2+) are imported by Golgi-resident transporters but the function of zinc in the early secretory pathway has remained unknown. Here the authors find that Zn2+ regulates protein quality control in the early secretory pathway by demonstrating that the pH-sensitive chaperone ERp44 binds Zn2+ and solving the Zn2+-bound ERp44 structure.
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15
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Takeda TA, Miyazaki S, Kobayashi M, Nishino K, Goto T, Matsunaga M, Ooi M, Shirakawa H, Tani F, Kawamura T, Komai M, Kambe T. Zinc deficiency causes delayed ATP clearance and adenosine generation in rats and cell culture models. Commun Biol 2018; 1:113. [PMID: 30271993 PMCID: PMC6123718 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc deficiency causes myriad pathophysiological symptoms, but why distinct phenotypes are generated by zinc deficiency remains unclear. Considering that several ectoenzymes involved in purinergic signaling through extracellular adenine-nucleotide hydrolysis possess zinc ions in their active sites, and disorders in purinergic signaling result in diverse diseases that are frequently similar to those caused by zinc deficiency, herein we examine whether zinc deficiency affects extracellular adenine-nucleotide metabolism. Zinc deficiency severely impairs the activities of major ectoenzymes (ENPP1, ENPP3, NT5E/CD73, and TNAP), and also strongly suppresses adenine-nucleotide hydrolysis in cell-membrane preparations or rat plasma, thereby increasing ATP and ADP levels and decreasing adenosine levels. Thus, zinc deficiency delays both extracellular ATP clearance and adenosine generation, and zinc modulates extracellular adenine-nucleotide metabolism. Since the finely tuned balance between extracellular adenine nucleotides and adenosine is critical for purinergic signaling, these findings provide a novel insight into why zinc deficiency results in diverse symptoms. Taka-aki Takeda et al. find that zinc deficiency impairs adenine nucleotide metabolism in both cell and rat models leading to delays in extracellular ATP clearance and adenosine generation. The results show that zinc deficiency affects purinergic signaling and may explain why zinc deficiency in humans results in diverse symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taka-Aki Takeda
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shiho Miyazaki
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Miki Kobayashi
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Nishino
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoko Goto
- Department of Science of Food Function and Health, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan.,Faculty of Human Life Science, Miyagi Gakuin Women's University, Sendai, 981-8557, Japan
| | - Mayu Matsunaga
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Minami Ooi
- Department of Science of Food Function and Health, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shirakawa
- Department of Science of Food Function and Health, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Fumito Tani
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tatsuyoshi Kawamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Michio Komai
- Department of Science of Food Function and Health, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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16
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Kambe T, Matsunaga M, Takeda TA. Understanding the Contribution of Zinc Transporters in the Function of the Early Secretory Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102179. [PMID: 29048339 PMCID: PMC5666860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
More than one-third of newly synthesized proteins are targeted to the early secretory pathway, which is comprised of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, and other intermediate compartments. The early secretory pathway plays a key role in controlling the folding, assembly, maturation, modification, trafficking, and degradation of such proteins. A considerable proportion of the secretome requires zinc as an essential factor for its structural and catalytic functions, and recent findings reveal that zinc plays a pivotal role in the function of the early secretory pathway. Hence, a disruption of zinc homeostasis and metabolism involving the early secretory pathway will lead to pathway dysregulation, resulting in various defects, including an exacerbation of homeostatic ER stress. The accumulated evidence indicates that specific members of the family of Zn transporters (ZNTs) and Zrt- and Irt-like proteins (ZIPs), which operate in the early secretory pathway, play indispensable roles in maintaining zinc homeostasis by regulating the influx and efflux of zinc. In this review, the biological functions of these transporters are discussed, focusing on recent aspects of their roles. In particular, we discuss in depth how specific ZNT transporters are employed in the activation of zinc-requiring ectoenzymes. The means by which early secretory pathway functions are controlled by zinc, mediated by specific ZNT and ZIP transporters, are also subjects of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Mayu Matsunaga
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Taka-Aki Takeda
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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17
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Tsuji T, Kurokawa Y, Chiche J, Pouysségur J, Sato H, Fukuzawa H, Nagao M, Kambe T. Dissecting the Process of Activation of Cancer-promoting Zinc-requiring Ectoenzymes by Zinc Metalation Mediated by ZNT Transporters. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:2159-2173. [PMID: 28028180 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.763946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc-requiring ectoenzymes, including both secreted and membrane-bound enzymes, are considered to capture zinc in their active site for their activation in the early secretory pathway. This idea has been confirmed by our studies conducted using tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), which is elaborately activated by means of a two-step mechanism by zinc transporter 5 (ZNT5)-ZNT6 heterodimers and ZNT7 homodimers, through protein stabilization followed by enzyme activation with zinc in the early secretory pathway. However, the molecular basis of the activation process in other zinc-requiring ectoenzymes remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated this activation process by using three cancer-promoting zinc-requiring ectoenzymes, autotaxin (ATX), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), and the chicken DT40 cell mutants that we generated; we specifically focused on clarifying whether the same or a similar activation mechanism operates in these ectoenzymes. ATX activation required ZNT5-ZNT6 heterodimers and ZNT7 homodimers in a manner similar to TNAP activation, although the protein stability of ATX was differently regulated from that of TNAP. MMP9 required ZNT5-ZNT6 heterodimers and ZNT7 homodimers for its activation as well as secretion; MMP9 was not secreted into the spent medium unless both zinc-transport complexes were present. Finally, CAIX activation by zinc was mediated not only by ZNT5-ZNT6 heterodimers and ZNT7 homodimers but also by ZNT4 homodimers; thus, these three zinc-transport complexes redundantly contribute to CAIX activation. Our results provide pivotal insights into the activation processes of zinc-requiring ectoenzymes, and furthermore, they offer novel insights for potential cancer therapy applications given the cancer-promoting potencies of ATX, MMP9, and CAIX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokuji Tsuji
- From the Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kurokawa
- From the Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Johanna Chiche
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe Contrôle Métabolique des Morts Cellulaires, Équipe 3, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Jacques Pouysségur
- the Institute of Research on Cancer and Aging, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Centre A. Lacassagne, 06189 Nice, France.,the Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, MC 98000, Monaco, and
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- the Department of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hideya Fukuzawa
- From the Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masaya Nagao
- From the Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Taiho Kambe
- From the Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan,
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19
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The PP-motif in luminal loop 2 of ZnT transporters plays a pivotal role in TNAP activation. Biochem J 2016; 473:2611-21. [PMID: 27303047 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Secretory and membrane-bound zinc-requiring enzymes are thought to be activated by binding zinc in the early secretory pathway. One such enzyme, tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), is activated through a two-step mechanism, via protein stabilization and subsequent enzyme activation through metalation, by ZnT5-ZnT6 heterodimers or ZnT7 homodimers. However, little is known about the molecular basis underlying the activation process. In the present study, we found that the di-proline motif (PP-motif) in luminal loop 2 of ZnT5 and ZnT7 is important for TNAP activation. TNAP activity was significantly reduced in cells lacking ZnT5-ZnT6 heterodimers and ZnT7 homodimers [triple knockout (TKO) cells]. The decreased TNAP activity was restored by expressing hZnT5 with hZnT6 or hZnT7, but significantly less so (almost 90% less) by expressing mutants thereof in which the PP-motif was mutated to alanine (PP-AA). In TKO cells, overexpressed hTNAP was not completely activated, and it was converted less efficiently into the holo form by expressing a PP-AA mutant of hZnT5 with hZnT6, whose defects were not restored by zinc supplementation. The zinc transport activity of hZnT7 was not significantly impaired by the PP-AA mutation, indicating that the PP-motif is involved in the TNAP maturation process, although it does not control zinc transport activity. The PP-motif is highly conserved in ZnT5 and ZnT7 orthologues, and its importance for TNAP activation is conserved in the Caenorhabditis elegans hZnT5 orthologue CDF5. These results provide novel molecular insights into the TNAP activation process in the early secretory pathway.
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