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Yang L, Wang F, Liu S, Xian Z, Yang S, Xu Y, Shu L, Yan X, He J, Li X, Peng C, Bi C, Yuan Y, Chen S, Han L, Yang R, Li Y. Unique metabolomics characteristics for distinguishing cirrhosis related to different liver diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:103068. [PMID: 38959546 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.103068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Clinical evidence for early identification and diagnosis of liver cirrhosis (LC) caused by different types of liver disease is limited. We investigated this topic through a meta-analysis of quantitative metabolomics. METHODS Four databases were searched until October 31, 2022 for studies comparing metabolite levels between patients with different types of liver disease and control individuals. A random-effects model was applied for the meta-analysis. RESULTS This study included 55 studies with 8266 clinical participants, covering 348 metabolites. In LC related to drug-induced liver injury (DILI), hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the primary bile acid biosynthesis (taurocholic acid: SMD, 1.08[0.81, 1.35]; P < 0.00001; glycocholic acid: SMD, 1.35[1.07, 1.62]; P < 0.00001; taurochenodeoxycholic acid: SMD, 1.36[0.94, 1.78]; P < 0.00001; glycochenodeoxycholic acid: SMD, 1.49[0.93, 2.06]; P < 0.00001), proline and arginine (l-proline: SMD, 1.06[0.53, 1.58]; P < 0.0001; hydroxyproline: SMD, 0.81[0.30, 1.33]; P = 0.002), and fatty acid biosynthesis (palmitic acid: SMD, 0.44[0.21, 0.67]; P = 0.0002; oleic acid: SMD, 0.46[0.19, 0.73]; P = 0.0008; stearic acid: SMD, 0.37[0.07, 0.68]; P = 0.02) metabolic pathways were significantly altered. CONCLUSION We identified key biomarkers and metabolic characteristics for distinguishing and identifying LC related to different types of liver disease, providing a new perspective for early diagnosis, disease monitoring, and precise treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zicheng Xian
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shenshen Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lexin Shu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xingxu Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Junjie He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Chenghao Bi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Liwen Han
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China.
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Public Health Science and Engineering College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Yubo Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Ren Q, Sun Q, Fu J. Dysfunction of autophagy in high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Autophagy 2024; 20:221-241. [PMID: 37700498 PMCID: PMC10813589 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2254191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS ACOX1: acyl-CoA oxidase 1; ADH5: alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide; ADIPOQ: adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing; ATG: autophagy related; BECN1: beclin 1; CRTC2: CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; F2RL1: F2R like trypsin receptor 1; FA: fatty acid; FOXO1: forkhead box O1; GLP1R: glucagon like peptide 1 receptor; GRK2: G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2; GTPase: guanosine triphosphatase; HFD: high-fat diet; HSCs: hepatic stellate cells; HTRA2: HtrA serine peptidase 2; IRGM: immunity related GTPase M; KD: knockdown; KDM6B: lysine demethylase 6B; KO: knockout; LAMP2: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2; LAP: LC3-associated phagocytosis; LDs: lipid droplets; Li KO: liver-specific knockout; LSECs: liver sinusoidal endothelial cells; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAP3K5: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5; MED1: mediator complex subunit 1; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; NFE2L2: NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2; NOS3: nitric oxide synthase 3; NR1H3: nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3; OA: oleic acid; OE: overexpression; OSBPL8: oxysterol binding protein like 8; PA: palmitic acid; RUBCNL: rubicon like autophagy enhancer; PLIN2: perilipin 2; PLIN3: perilipin 3; PPARA: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha; PRKAA2/AMPK: protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2; RAB: member RAS oncogene family; RPTOR: regulatory associated protein of MTOR complex 1; SCD: stearoyl-CoA desaturase; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; SIRT3: sirtuin 3; SNARE: soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; SREBF1: sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1;SREBF2: sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2; STING1: stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1; STX17: syntaxin 17; TAGs: triacylglycerols; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TP53/p53: tumor protein p53; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; VMP1: vacuole membrane protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiming Sun
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Cardiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junfen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
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Yui K, Imataka G, Shiohama T. Lipid Peroxidation of the Docosahexaenoic Acid/Arachidonic Acid Ratio Relating to the Social Behaviors of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Relationship with Ferroptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14796. [PMID: 37834244 PMCID: PMC10572946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) undergo lipid peroxidation and conversion into malondialdehyde (MDA). MDA reacts with acetaldehyde to form malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL). We studied unsettled issues in the association between MDA-LDL and the pathophysiology of ASD in 18 individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and eight age-matched controls. Social behaviors were assessed using the social responsiveness scale (SRS). To overcome the problem of using small samples, adaptive Lasso was used to enhance the interpretability accuracy, and a coefficient of variation was used for variable selections. Plasma levels of the MDA-LDL levels (91.00 ± 16.70 vs. 74.50 ± 18.88) and the DHA/arachidonic acid (ARA) ratio (0.57 ± 0.16 vs. 0.37 ± 0.07) were significantly higher and the superoxide dismutase levels were significantly lower in the ASD group than those in the control group. Total SRS scores in the ASD group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The unbeneficial DHA/ARA ratio induced ferroptosis via lipid peroxidation. Multiple linear regression analysis and adaptive Lasso revealed an association of the DHA/ARA ratio with total SRS scores and increased MDA-LDL levels in plasma, resulting in neuronal deficiencies. This unbeneficial DHA/ARA-ratio-induced ferroptosis contributes to autistic social behaviors and is available for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Yui
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8677, Japan;
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu 321-0293, Japan;
| | - George Imataka
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu 321-0293, Japan;
| | - Tadashi Shiohama
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8677, Japan;
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Shi JH, Cheng N, Zhang W, Jin Q, Guo WZ, Ge GB, Zhang SJ, Line PD, Wang Y. Air-ventilated normothermic machine perfusion alleviates hepatic injury from DCD rat through CYP1A2. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19150. [PMID: 37654459 PMCID: PMC10465863 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) could provide protection to organs from donation after circulatory death (DCD) before transplantation, and its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Our previous study discovered that the air-ventilated NMP confers a better DCD liver recovery than oxygen-ventilated NMP. The purpose in the current study was to investigate the protective mechanism of air-ventilated NMP in a rat model of DCD liver by metabolomics, and to select biomarker to predict liver function recovery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-α (PPARα) agonist or antagonist was administered via the perfusion circuit in the air-ventilated NMP. Perfusate samples were taken for measurements of aminotransferases using standard biochemical methods, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6. Liver biopsies were allocated for detection of metabolomics, PPARα and cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2). RESULTS Metabolomics analysis revealed the significant increased γ-linolenic acid and decreased adrenic acid during the air-ventilated NMP, indicating linoleic acid metabolism pathway was associated with a better DCD liver recovery; as a major enzyme involved in linolenic acid metabolism, CYP1A2 was found correlated with a less inflammation and better liver function with the air-ventilated NMP; PPARα agonist could increase CYP1A2 expression and activity, decrease inflammation response, and improve liver function with the air-ventilated NMP, while PPARα antagonist played the opposite. CONCLUSION Air-ventilated NMP confers a better liver recovery from DCD rats through the activated linoleic acid metabolism and CYP1A2 upregulation; CYP1A2 expression and activity might function as biomarker to predict DCD liver function recovery with NMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hua Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation & Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for HPB Diseases and Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nuo Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation & Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for HPB Diseases and Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation & Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for HPB Diseases and Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiang Jin
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200473, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation & Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for HPB Diseases and Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200473, China
| | - Shui-Jun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation & Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for HPB Diseases and Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pål-Dag Line
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Anesthesia Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Yuan Q, Zhu S, Yue S, Han Y, Peng G, Li L, Sheng Y, Wang B. Alterations in Faecal and Serum Metabolic Profiles in Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Nutrients 2023; 15:2984. [PMID: 37447310 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a common and multifactorial disease in the elderly that may lead to irreversible vision loss; yet the pathogenesis of AMD remains unclear. In this study, nontargeted metabolomics profiling using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry was applied to discover the metabolic feature differences in both faeces and serum samples between Chinese nonobese subjects with and without nAMD. In faecal samples, a total of 18 metabolites were significantly altered in nAMD patients, and metabolic dysregulations were prominently involved in glycerolipid metabolism and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. In serum samples, a total of 29 differential metabolites were founded, involved in caffeine metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and purine metabolism. Two faecal metabolites (palmitoyl ethanolamide and uridine) and three serum metabolites (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, adrenic acid, and palmitic acid) were selected as potential biomarkers for nAMD. Additionally, the significant correlations among dysregulated neuroprotective, antineuroinflammatory, or fatty acid metabolites in faecal and serum and IM dysbiosis were found. This comprehensive metabolomics study of faeces and serum samples showed that alterations in IM-mediated neuroprotective metabolites may be involved in the pathophysiology of AMD, offering IM-based nutritional therapeutic targets for nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixian Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250000, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Shuai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Siqing Yue
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuqiu Han
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250000, China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Guoping Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250000, China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yan Sheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Baohong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250000, China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Wang C, Lu J, Sha X, Qiu Y, Chen H, Yu Z. TRPV1 regulates ApoE4-disrupted intracellular lipid homeostasis and decreases synaptic phagocytosis by microglia. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:347-363. [PMID: 36720919 PMCID: PMC9981624 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00935-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE4) gene has been established as a genetic risk factor for many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, the mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) was reported to regulate autophagy to protect against foam cell formation in atherosclerosis. Here, we show that ApoE4 leads to lipid metabolism dysregulation in microglia, resulting in enhanced MHC-II-dependent antigen presentation and T-cell activation. Lipid accumulation and inflammatory reactions were accelerated in microglia isolated from TRPV1flox/flox; Cx3cr1cre-ApoE4 mice. We showed that metabolic boosting by treatment with the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin rescued lipid metabolic impairments in ApoE4 neurons and defects in autophagy caused by disruption of the AKT-mTOR pathway. TRPV1 activation with capsaicin reversed ApoE4-induced microglial immune dysfunction and neuronal autophagy impairment. Capsaicin rescued memory impairment, tau pathology, and neuronal autophagy in ApoE4 mice. Activation of TRPV1 decreased microglial phagocytosis of synapses in ApoE4 mice. TRPV1 gene deficiency exacerbated recognition memory impairment and tau pathology in ApoE4 mice. Our study suggests that TRPV1 regulation of lipid metabolism could be a therapeutic approach to alleviate the consequences of the ApoE4 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xudong Sha
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Zhihua Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Su Z, Bai X, Wang H, Wang S, Chen C, Xiao F, Guo H, Gao H, Leng L, Li H. Identification of biomarkers associated with the feed efficiency by metabolomics profiling: results from the broiler lines divergent for high or low abdominal fat content. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:122. [PMID: 36352447 PMCID: PMC9647982 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Improving feed efficiency (FE) is one of the main objectives in broiler breeding. It is difficult to directly measure FE traits, and breeders hence have been trying to identify biomarkers for the indirect selection and improvement of FE traits. Metabolome is the "bridge" between genome and phenome. The metabolites may potentially account for more of the phenotypic variation and can suitably serve as biomarkers for selecting FE traits. This study aimed to identify plasma metabolite markers for selecting high-FE broilers. A total of 441 birds from Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content were used to analyze plasma metabolome and estimate the genetic parameters of differentially expressed metabolites. Results The results identified 124 differentially expressed plasma metabolites (P < 0.05) between the lean line (high-FE birds) and the fat line (low-FE birds). Among these differentially expressed plasma metabolites, 44 were found to have higher positive or negative genetic correlations with FE traits (|rg| ≥ 0.30). Of these 44 metabolites, 14 were found to display moderate to high heritability estimates (h2 ≥ 0.20). However, among the 14 metabolites, 4 metabolites whose physiological functions have not been reported were excluded. Ultimately, 10 metabolites were suggested to serve as the potential biomarkers for breeding the high-FE broilers. Based on the physiological functions of these metabolites, reducing inflammatory and improving immunity were proposed to improve FE and increase production efficiency. Conclusions According to the pipeline for the selection of the metabolite markers established in this study, it was suggested that 10 metabolites including 7-ketocholesterol, dimethyl sulfone, epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)-lysine, gamma-glutamyltyrosine, 2-oxoadipic acid, L-homoarginine, testosterone, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, adrenic acid, and calcitriol could be used as the potential biomarkers for breeding the "food-saving broilers".
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Changes in plasma fatty acids profile in hyperketonemic ewes during early lactation: a preliminary study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17017. [PMID: 36220846 PMCID: PMC9553884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition from late pregnancy to early lactation is characterized by marked changes in energy balance of dairy ruminants. The mobilization of adipose tissue led to an increase in plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). The aim of this study was to analyze the total plasma fatty acids of healthy and hyperketonemic dairy ewes in early lactation through gas chromatography (GC) to evaluate metabolic alterations. An observational study was used with a cross-sectional experimental design. Forty-six Sarda dairy ewes were enrolled in the immediate post-partum (7 ± 3 days in milk) and divided into two groups according to serum BHB concentration: non-hyperketonemic group (n = 28; BHB < 0.86 mmol/L) and hyperketonemic group (n = 18; BHB ≥ 0.86 mmol/L). A two-way ANOVA included the effect of group and parity was used to evaluate differences in fatty acids (FA) concentrations. A total of 34 plasma FA was assessed using GC. 12 out of 34 FA showed a significant different between groups and 3 out of 34 were tended to significance. Only NEFA concentration and stearic acid were influenced by parity. The results may suggest possible links with lipid metabolism, inflammatory and immune responses in hyperketonemic group. In conclusion, GC represents a useful tool in the study of hyperketonemia and primiparous dairy ewes might show a greater risk to develop this condition.
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Luo Z, Gao Q, Li Y, Bai Y, Zhang J, Xu W, Xu J. Flammulina velutipes Mycorrhizae Attenuate High Fat Diet-Induced Lipid Disorder, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Liver and Perirenal Adipose Tissue of Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183830. [PMID: 36145203 PMCID: PMC9505303 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flammulina velutipes (FV) is edible mushroom that has nutritional and medicinal values. FV mycorrhizae, the by-products of FV, are an abundant source and receive less attention. The objective of this study was to investigate the composition of FV mycorrhizae, and its effects on high fat diet (HFD)-induced lipid disorder, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines, both in the liver and perirenal adipose tissue (PAT) of mice. The results showed that FV mycorrhizae contain abundant trace elements, polysaccharide, amino acids and derivatives, and organic compounds. It was found that 4% FV mycorrhizae (HFDFV) supplementation decreased HFD-induced liver weight and triglyceride (TG) in the plasma, liver and PAT, altered plasma and hepatic fatty acids profiles, promoted gene expression involved in lipid hydrolysis, fatty acid transportation and β-oxidation in the liver and reduced lipid synthesis in the liver and PAT. HFDFV attenuated HFD-induced oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine by increasing GSH/GSSG, and decreasing levels of MDA and IL6 both in the liver and PAT, while it differentially regulated gene expression of IL1β, IL6, and CCL2 in liver and PAT. The results indicated that FV mycorrhizae are effective to attenuate HFD-induced lipid disorder, oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver and PAT, indicating their promising constituents for functional foods and herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qingying Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuanfei Li
- Institute of Biological Technology, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang 330032, China
| | - Yifei Bai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weina Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianxiong Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-021-34205767
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Zhao S, Fu H, Zhou T, Cai M, Huang Y, Gan Q, Zhang C, Qian C, Wang J, Zhang Z, Wang X, Xiang X, Xie Q. Alteration of Bile Acids and Omega-6 PUFAs Are Correlated With the Progression and Prognosis of Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:772368. [PMID: 35493499 PMCID: PMC9041619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.772368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the leading causes of liver failure with some of the patients progressed to chronic DILI. The mechanisms underlying the severity and chronicity of DILI are poorly elucidated and the biomarkers are limited. Metabolites and gut microbiota played a crucial role in the development of various liver diseases. Herein, a systematic analysis of serum metabolites and gut microbiota was performed in DILI patients, aiming to identify metabolites correlated with the progression and clinical prognosis of DILI. Methods Various serum metabolites were quantitated using a metabolite array technology in this prospective study. Gut microbiome compositions and the expression profiles of liver genes were determined in patients with DILI and healthy controls. Results Metabolomic analysis revealed that bile acids (BAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were closely related to DILI severity and chronicity respectively. The ratios of serum primary/secondary BAs and omega-6/omega-3 PUFAs were elevated in DILI patients. A model established by adrenic acid (AdA) and aspartic acid (Asp) exerts good performance for predicting the chronicity of DLIL. Hepatic transcriptome revealed enhanced expression of PUFA peroxidation and supressed expression of BA synthesis related genes in DILI patients. In addition, Lactic acid bacteria and BA converting bacteria were increased in gut of DILI patients. Besides, elevated serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) was observed in DILI patients. Conclusion BAs and PUFAs could be potent markers for the severity and chronicity of DILI respectively. The panel of AdA and Asp could be ideal predictive model for the risk of chronicity at the acute stage of DILI. Gut microbiota might act as a negative feedback mechanism to maintain the homeostasis of BAs and PUFAs via FGF19 signalling and PUFA saturation, respectively. Our study revealed novel biomarkers for severe and chronic DILI and provided new therapeutic targets for DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoshuang Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhui Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghao Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinyi Gan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Qian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiexiao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenglan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaogang Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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11
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Ilić AŽ, de Luka SR, Popović TB, Debeljak-Martačić J, Kojadinović M, Ćirković S, Ristić-Djurović JL, Trbovich AM. Distinct fatty acid redistribution and textural changes in the brain tissue upon the static magnetic field exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 92:103853. [PMID: 35318121 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We observed different outcomes upon the subacute exposure to the 128 mT highly homogeneous static magnetic field (SMF) when its orientation was (i) aligned with the vertical component of the geomagnetic field; (ii) in the opposite direction. We employed the fatty acids (FA) composition and digital image analyses (DIA) to provide insights into the underlying processes and examine the possible weak SMF effects. Swiss-Webster male mice were whole-body exposed for 1 h/day over five days. Brain tissue's thin liquid chromatography resulted in brain FA composition, indicating a possible sequence of changes due to the SMF exposure. Quantitative DIA accurately assessed different image parameters. Delicate textural changes were revealed in the group where pathohistological or biochemical alterations have not been detected. DIA-based biological markers seem to be very promising for studying delicate tissue changes, which results from the high sensitivity and wide availability of DIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andjelija Ž Ilić
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Silvio R de Luka
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 9, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara B Popović
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Centre of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Debeljak-Martačić
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Centre of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Milica Kojadinović
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Centre of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Saša Ćirković
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasna L Ristić-Djurović
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alexander M Trbovich
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 9, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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12
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Lisuzzo A, Bonelli F, Sgorbini M, Nocera I, Cento G, Mazzotta E, Turini L, Martini M, Salari F, Morgante M, Badon T, Fiore E. Differences of the Plasma Total Lipid Fraction from Pre-Foaling to Post-Foaling Period in Donkeys. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030304. [PMID: 35158628 PMCID: PMC8833319 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary An association between increased metabolic demands and reduced dry matter intake is observed from late gestation to early lactation in donkeys. Furthermore, little is known about the nutritional and energy requirements of this period in animals. Changes in energy metabolism make donkeys more susceptible to metabolic diseases such as hyperlipemia, which is characterized by the mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue. A better knowledge of this period could improve animal husbandry, well-being, and health. The aim of this study was to analyze the plasma total lipid fraction, to highlight metabolic changes from the pre-foaling to post-foaling periods, using the gas chromatography technique. Our findings reveal a greater risk of metabolic disease in late gestation to early lactation in donkeys. Abstract The period from late gestation to early lactation is characterized by changes in energy metabolism. The aim of the current study was to analyze the plasma total lipid fraction using gas chromatography (GC) analysis, in order to highlight metabolic changes from the pre-foaling to post-foaling periods. Eleven pluriparous dairy jennies (mean age of 11.88 ± 3.79 years) belonging to the Amiata donkey breed were enrolled. Blood sampling was performed at 15 days before foaling (T0), and 15 (T1), 30 (T2), 60 (T3), and 90 (T4) days after foaling, for biochemical and GC analysis. A total of 37 fatty acids were identified in plasma samples: 4 medium chain (MCFA), 24 long chain (LCFA), and 9 very-long chain (VLCFA) fatty acids. Among them, 20 fatty acids changed significantly, and two fatty acid showed a trend toward significance. Furthermore, the LCFA, saturated, unsaturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated ω-3 fatty acids changed significantly during the study period. The main alterations were between T0 and the other time points and appeared to be related to lipid metabolism, cellular structure and function, and inflammatory and immune responses. Our findings reveal greater energy requirements at the end of gestation compared to early lactation in donkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Lisuzzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Francesca Bonelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (I.N.); (L.T.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Micaela Sgorbini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (I.N.); (L.T.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Irene Nocera
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (I.N.); (L.T.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Giulia Cento
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Elisa Mazzotta
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Luca Turini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (I.N.); (L.T.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Mina Martini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (I.N.); (L.T.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Federica Salari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (I.N.); (L.T.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Massimo Morgante
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Tamara Badon
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Enrico Fiore
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Zhao T, Wang Y, Guo X, Li H, Jiang W, Xiao Y, Deng B, Sun Y. Altered oxylipin levels in human vitreous indicate imbalance in pro-/anti-inflammatory homeostasis in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2021; 214:108799. [PMID: 34687725 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is an advanced stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR), characterized by retinal neovascularization. It is a progressive fundus disease and a severe complication of diabetes that causes vision impairment. Hyperglycemia-induced persistent low-grade inflammation is a crucial factor underlying the pathogenesis of DR-associated damage and contributing to the progression of PDR. Highly enriched polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the retina are precursors to oxidized metabolites, namely, oxylipins, which exert pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory (resolving) effects under different pathological conditions and have been implicated in diabetes. To evaluate differences in oxylipin levels in the vitreous obtained from PDR and non-diabetic subjects, we performed a targeted assessment of oxylipins. A total of 41 patients with PDR and 22 non-diabetic control subjects were enrolled in this study. Vitreous humor obtained during routinely scheduled vitrectomy underwent a targeted but unbiased screening for oxylipins using mass spectrometry-based lipidomics. We found 21 oxylipins showing statistically significant differences in their levels between PDR and non-diabetic subjects (p < 0.05). Lipoxygenase (LOX)- and cytochrome P450 (CYP)- derived oxylipins were the most affected, while cyclooxygenase (COX) oxylipins were affected to a lesser extent. When categorized by their precursor PUFAs, ±19,20-EpDPE, a CYP product of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 12S-HETE, a LOX product of arachidonic acid (ARA), were increased by the largest magnitude. Moreover, of these 21 oxylipins, 7 were considered as potential biomarkers for discriminating PDR patients from the non-diabetic controls. Our results indicate that altered oxylipin levels in the vitreous implicate an underlying imbalanced inflammation-resolution homeostasis in PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tantai Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojian Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huiling Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenmin Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yangyan Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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14
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Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis Revealed Lipometabolic Disorders in Perirenal Adipose Tissue of Rabbits Subject to a High-Fat Diet. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082289. [PMID: 34438746 PMCID: PMC8388361 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simply Summary A high-fat diet is widely recognized as a significant modifiable risk for metabolic diseases. In this study, untargeted metabolomics, combined with liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry, was used to evaluate perirenal adipose tissue metabolic changes. Our study revealed 206 differential metabolites. These metabolites were mainly associated with the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway, the ovarian steroidogenesis pathway, and the platelet activation pathway. Our study revealed that a high-fat diet causes significant lipometabolic disorders; these metabolites may inhibit oxygen respiration by increasing adipocytes cells and density, cause mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, produce inflammation, and finally lead to insulin resistance, thereby increasing the risk of Type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and other metabolic syndromes. Abstract A high-fat diet (HFD) is widely recognized as a significant modifiable risk for insulin resistance, inflammation, Type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis and other metabolic diseases. However, the biological mechanism responsible for key metabolic disorders in the PAT of rabbits subject to HFD remains unclear. Here, untargeted metabolomics (LC-MS/MS) combined with liquid chromatography (LC) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) were used to evaluate PAT metabolic changes. Histological observations showed that the adipocytes cells and density of PAT were significantly increased in HFD rabbits. Our study revealed 206 differential metabolites (21 up-regulated and 185 down-regulated); 47 differential metabolites (13 up-regulated and 34 down-regulated), comprising mainly phospholipids, fatty acids, steroid hormones and amino acids, were chosen as potential biomarkers to help explain metabolic disorders caused by HFD. These metabolites were mainly associated with the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway, the ovarian steroidogenesis pathway, and the platelet activation pathway. Our study revealed that a HFD caused significant lipometabolic disorders. These metabolites may inhibit oxygen respiration by increasing the adipocytes cells and density, cause mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, produce inflammation, and finally lead to insulin resistance, thus increasing the risk of Type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and other metabolic syndromes.
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15
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Lu Y, Shao M, Xiang H, Zheng P, Wu T, Ji G. Integrative transcriptomics and metabolomics explore the mechanism of kaempferol on improving nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Food Funct 2021; 11:10058-10069. [PMID: 33135718 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02123g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Kaempferol has been confirmed to be effective in improving metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. However, its effect and mechanism in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are unclear. We aim to confirm whether kaempferol could improve NASH and find the corresponding differential genes and metabolites. Transcriptomics combined with metabolomics was used to investigate the alterations in genes and metabolites expression after kaempferol treatment in mice with high-fat-diet-induced NASH. The results showed that kaempferol reduced the level of alanine transaminase (ALT), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and total cholesterol (TC) in serum and triglyceride (TG), lipid droplets, and inflammatory cell infiltration in liver. Further, 277 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through liver transcriptomics and the five most obvious DEGs were found to be CYP2b9, Cyp4a12b, Mup17, Mup7, and Mup16, which revealed that HFD induced fatty acid degradation, ribosome, and glyoxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid metabolism. Nine serum metabolites (methylcysteine, l-tryptophan, adrenic acid, d-2-hydroxyglutaric acid, tartaric acid, p-cresol sulfate, l-alanine, l-tryosine, and glutaconic acid) and 3 liver differential metabolites (gallic acid, γ-lindenic acid, and l-phenylalanine) were also identified, while the pathways were mainly involved in phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; and phenylalanine metabolism. Integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses indicated that kaempferol possesses the ability to improve NASH associated with energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation-related pathways. This study provides a powerful means of multiomics data integration and reveals the potent therapy and biomarkers for kaempferol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Lu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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16
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Waehler R. Fatty acids: facts vs. fiction. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2021:1-21. [PMID: 34041926 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During the last 100 years official dietary guidelines have recommended an increased consumption of fats derived from seeds while decreasing the consumption of traditional fats, especially saturated fats. These recommendations are being challenged by recent studies. Furthermore, the increased use of refining processes in fat production had deleterious health effects. Today, the number of high-quality studies on fatty acids is large enough to make useful recommendations on clinical application and everyday practice. Saturated fats have many beneficial functions and palmitic acid appears to be problematic only when it is synthesized due to excess fructose consumption. Trans fatty acids were shown to be harmful when they are manmade but beneficial when of natural origin. Conjugated linoleic acid has many benefits but the isomer mix that is available in supplement form differs from its natural origin and may better be avoided. The ω3 fatty acid linolenic acid has rather limited use as an anti-inflammatory agent - a fact that is frequently overlooked. On the other hand, the targeted use of long chain ω3 fatty acids based on blood analysis has great potential to supplement or even be an alternative to various pharmacological therapies. At the same time ω6 fatty acids like linoleic acid and arachidonic acid have important physiological functions and should not be avoided but their consumption needs to be balanced with long chain ω3 fatty acids. The quality and quantity of these fats together with appropriate antioxidative protection are critical for their positive health effects.
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Tokinoya K, Sekine N, Aoki K, Ono S, Kuji T, Sugasawa T, Yoshida Y, Takekoshi K. Effects of renalase deficiency on liver fibrosis markers in a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis mouse model. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:210. [PMID: 33495844 PMCID: PMC7830932 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is attributed to several factors, including inflammation and oxidative stress. In recent years, renalase has been reported to suppress oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation. A number of studies have suggested that renalase may be associated with protecting the liver from injury. The present study aimed to clarify the effects of renalase knockout (KO) in mice with NASH that were induced with a choline-deficient high-fat diet (CDAHFD) supplemented with 0.1% methionine. Wild type (WT) and KO mice (6-week-old) were fed a normal diet (ND) or CDAHFD for 6 weeks, followed by analysis of the blood liver function markers and liver tissues. CDAHFD intake was revealed to increase blood hepatic function markers, lipid accumulation and oxidative stress compared with ND, but no significant differences were observed between the WT and KO mice. However, in the KO-CDAHFD group, the Adgre1 and Tgfb1 mRNA levels were significantly higher, and α-SMA expression was significantly lower compared with the WT-CDAHFD group. Furthermore, the Gclc mRNA and phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt) levels were significantly lower in the KO-ND group compared with the WT-ND group. The results of the current study indicated that as NASH progressed in the absence of renalase, oxidative stress, macrophage infiltration and TGF-β expression were enhanced, while α-SMA expression in NASH may be partly suppressed due to the decreased phosphorylation of Akt level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Tokinoya
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‑8577, Japan
| | - Nanami Sekine
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‑8574, Japan
| | - Kai Aoki
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‑8577, Japan
| | - Seiko Ono
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‑8574, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kuji
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‑8577, Japan
| | - Takehito Sugasawa
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‑8577, Japan
| | - Yasuko Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tsukuba International University, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki 300‑0051, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takekoshi
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‑8577, Japan
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Short-Term Effects of Early Menopause on Adiposity, Fatty Acids Profile and Insulin Sensitivity of a Swine Model of Female Obesity. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9090284. [PMID: 32932852 PMCID: PMC7565410 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Menopause strongly increases incidence and consequences of obesity and non-communicable diseases in women, with recent research suggesting a very early onset of changes in lipid accumulation, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. However, there is a lack of adequate preclinical models for its study. The present trial evaluated the usefulness of an alternative method to surgical ovariectomy, the administration of two doses of a GnRH analogue-protein conjugate (Vacsincel®), for inducing ovarian inactivity in sows used as preclinical models of obesity and menopause. All the sows treated with the compound developed ovarian stoppage after the second dose and, when exposed to obesogenic diets during the following three months, showed changes in the patterns of fat deposition, in the fatty acids profiles at the different tissues and in the plasma concentrations of fructosamine, urea, β-hydroxibutirate, and haptoglobin when compared to obese fed with the same diet but maintaining ovarian activity. Altogether, these results indicate that menopause early augments the deleterious effects induced by overfeeding and obesity on metabolic traits, paving the way for future research on physiopathology of these conditions and possible therapeutic targets using the swine model.
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Zhao J, Nishiumi S, Tagawa R, Yano Y, Inoue J, Hoshi N, Yoshida M, Kodama Y. Adrenic acid induces oxidative stress in hepatocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 532:620-625. [PMID: 32900489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adrenic acid (ADA), which is an endogenously synthesized polyunsaturated free fatty acid, was significantly increased in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients and NAFLD-model mice compared with the corresponding controls in our previous study. To elucidate the involvement of ADA in NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), we examined ADA-induced lipotoxicity in human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. The ROS production in HepG2 cells was increased by exposure to ADA. It was also shown that the treatment with ADA decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. The N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine pretreatment counteracted this ADA-induced ROS production and cell death. Furthermore, ADA modulated the expressions of SOD2, HO-1 and Gpx1 as antioxidant enzymes. These findings suggest that ADA could induce oxidative stress accompanied by cell death, providing new insights into lipotoxicity that is involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shin Nishiumi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Department of Omics Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
| | - Ryoma Tagawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jun Inoue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Namiko Hoshi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaru Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Division of Metabolomics Research, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuzo Kodama
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Caussy C, Chuang JC, Billin A, Hu T, Wang Y, Subramanian GM, Djedjos CS, Myers RP, Dennis EA, Loomba R. Plasma eicosanoids as noninvasive biomarkers of liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2020; 13:1756284820923904. [PMID: 32523627 PMCID: PMC7257854 DOI: 10.1177/1756284820923904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eicosanoid and related docosanoid polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their oxygenated derivatives have been proposed as noninvasive lipidomic biomarkers of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Therefore, we investigated associations between plasma eicosanoids and liver fibrosis to evaluate their utility in diagnosing and monitoring NASH-related fibrosis. METHODS Our analysis used baseline eicosanoid data from 427 patients with biopsy-confirmed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and longitudinal measurements along with liver fibrosis staging from 63 patients with NASH and stage 2/3 fibrosis followed for 24 weeks in a phase II trial. RESULTS At baseline, four eicosanoids were significantly associated with liver fibrosis stage: 11,12-DIHETE, tetranor 12-HETE, adrenic acid, and 14, 15-DIHETE. Over 24 weeks of follow up, a combination of changes in seven eicosanoids [5-HETE, 7,17-DHDPA, adrenic acid, arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 16-HDOHE, and 9-HODE) had good diagnostic accuracy for the prediction of ⩾1 stage improvement in fibrosis (AUROC: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.62-0.87), and a combination of four eicosanoids (7,17-DHDPA, 14,15-DIHETRE, 9-HOTRE, and free adrenic acid) accurately predicted improvement in hepatic collagen content (AUROC: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.50-0.77). CONCLUSION This study provides preliminary evidence that plasma eicosanoids may serve as noninvasive biomarkers of liver fibrosis and may predict liver fibrosis improvement in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Caussy
- Univ Lyon, CarMen Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA
Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Département
Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite,
France
| | | | | | - Tao Hu
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA,
USA
| | - Ya Wang
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA,
USA
| | | | | | | | - Edward A. Dennis
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, MC 0601, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601, USA
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Monge P, Garrido A, Rubio JM, Magrioti V, Kokotos G, Balboa MA, Balsinde J. The Contribution of Cytosolic Group IVA and Calcium-Independent Group VIA Phospholipase A 2s to Adrenic Acid Mobilization in Murine Macrophages. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040542. [PMID: 32260121 PMCID: PMC7226511 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenic acid (AA), the 2-carbon elongation product of arachidonic acid, is present at significant levels in membrane phospholipids of mouse peritoneal macrophages. Despite its abundance and structural similarity to arachidonic acid, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms governing adrenic acid mobilization in cells of the innate immune system. This contrasts with the wide availability of data on arachidonic acid mobilization. In this work, we used mass-spectrometry-based lipidomic procedures to define the profiles of macrophage phospholipids that contain adrenic acid and their behavior during receptor activation. We identified the phospholipid sources from which adrenic acid is mobilized, and compared the data with arachidonic acid mobilization. Taking advantage of the use of selective inhibitors, we also showed that cytosolic group IVA phospholipase A2 is involved in the release of both adrenic and arachidonic acids. Importantly, calcium independent group VIA phospholipase A2 spared arachidonate-containing phospholipids and hydrolyzed only those that contain adrenic acid. These results identify separate mechanisms for regulating the utilization of adrenic and arachidonic acids, and suggest that the two fatty acids may serve non-redundant functions in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Monge
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (P.M.); (A.G.); (J.M.R.); (M.A.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Garrido
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (P.M.); (A.G.); (J.M.R.); (M.A.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio M. Rubio
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (P.M.); (A.G.); (J.M.R.); (M.A.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Magrioti
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece; (V.M.); (G.K.)
| | - George Kokotos
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece; (V.M.); (G.K.)
| | - María A. Balboa
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (P.M.); (A.G.); (J.M.R.); (M.A.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Balsinde
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (P.M.); (A.G.); (J.M.R.); (M.A.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-983-423-062
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22
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Wang H, Liu Y, Wang D, Xu Y, Dong R, Yang Y, Lv Q, Chen X, Zhang Z. The Upstream Pathway of mTOR-Mediated Autophagy in Liver Diseases. Cells 2019; 8:E1597. [PMID: 31835352 PMCID: PMC6953127 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, originally found in liver experiments, is a cellular process that degrades damaged organelle or protein aggregation. This process frees cells from various stress states is a cell survival mechanism under stress stimulation. It is now known that dysregulation of autophagy can cause many liver diseases. Therefore, how to properly regulate autophagy is the key to the treatment of liver injury. mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)is the core hub regulating autophagy, which is subject to different upstream signaling pathways to regulate autophagy. This review summarizes three upstream pathways of mTOR: the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase (AKT) signaling pathway, the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, and the rat sarcoma (Ras)/rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (Raf)/mitogen-extracellular activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/ extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway, specifically explored their role in liver fibrosis, hepatitis B, non-alcoholic fatty liver, liver cancer, hepatic ischemia reperfusion and other liver diseases through the regulation of mTOR-mediated autophagy. Moreover, we also analyzed the crosstalk between these three pathways, aiming to find new targets for the treatment of human liver disease based on autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; (H.W.); (Y.X.); (R.D.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Yumei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; (H.W.); (Y.X.); (R.D.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Dongmei Wang
- College of Medical, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China;
| | - Yaolu Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; (H.W.); (Y.X.); (R.D.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Ruiqi Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; (H.W.); (Y.X.); (R.D.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Yuxiang Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; (H.W.); (Y.X.); (R.D.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Qiongxia Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; (H.W.); (Y.X.); (R.D.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; (H.W.); (Y.X.); (R.D.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Ziqiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; (H.W.); (Y.X.); (R.D.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (X.C.)
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Zuo K, Li J, Li K, Hu C, Gao Y, Chen M, Hu R, Liu Y, Chi H, Wang H, Qin Y, Liu X, Li S, Cai J, Zhong J, Yang X. Disordered gut microbiota and alterations in metabolic patterns are associated with atrial fibrillation. Gigascience 2019; 8:giz058. [PMID: 31149718 PMCID: PMC6543127 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giz058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the establishment of the heart-gut axis concept, accumulating studies suggest that the gut microbiome plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Yet, little evidence has been reported in characterizing the gut microbiota shift in atrial fibrillation. METHODS We include the result of the global alterations that occur in the intestinal microbiota in a cohort of 50 patients with atrial fibrillation and 50 matched controls based on a strategy of metagenomic and metabolomic analyses. RESULTS The alterations include a dramatic elevation in microbial diversity and a specific perturbation of gut microbiota composition. Overgrowth of Ruminococcus, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus, as well as reduction of Faecalibacterium, Alistipes, Oscillibacter, and Bilophila were detected in patients with atrial fibrillation. A gut microbial function imbalance and correlated metabolic pattern changes were observed with atrial fibrillation in both fecal and serum samples. The differential gut microbiome signatures could be used to identify patients with atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings characterize the disordered gut microbiota and microbial metabolite profiles in atrial fibrillation. Further research could determine whether intervention strategies targeting intestinal microbiome composition might be useful to counteract the progression of atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zuo
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jing Li
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Kuibao Li
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Chaowei Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuanfeng Gao
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Mulei Chen
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Roumu Hu
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Hongjie Chi
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Hongjiang Wang
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yanwen Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Shichao Li
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of China, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jiuchang Zhong
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xinchun Yang
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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Identification of novel serum markers for the progression of coronary atherosclerosis in WHHLMI rabbits, an animal model of familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 2019; 284:18-23. [PMID: 30870703 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The development of serum markers specific for coronary lesions is important to prevent coronary events. However, analyses of serum markers in humans are affected by environmental factors and non-target diseases. Using an appropriate model animal can reduce these effects. To identify specific markers for coronary atherosclerosis, we comprehensively analyzed the serum of WHHLMI rabbits, which spontaneously develop coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS Female WHHLMI rabbits were fed standard chow. Serum and plasma were collected under fasting at intervals of 4 months from 4 months old, and a total of 313 lipid molecules, 59 metabolites, lipoprotein lipid levels, and various plasma biochemical parameters were analyzed. The severity of coronary lesions was evaluated with cross-sectional narrowing (CSN) corrected with a frequency of 75%-89% CSN and CSN> 90%. RESULTS There was a large variation in the severity of coronary lesions in WHHLMI rabbits despite almost no differences in plasma biochemical parameters and aortic lesion area between rabbits with severe and mild coronary lesions. The metabolites and lipid molecules selected as serum markers for coronary atherosclerosis were lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 22:4 and diacylglycerol 18:0-18:0 at 4 months old, LPC 20:4 (sn-2), ceramide d18:1-18:2, citric acid plus isocitric acid, and pyroglutamic acid at 8 months old, and phosphatidylethanolamine plasminogen 16:1p-22:2 at 16 months old. CONCLUSIONS These serum markers were coronary lesion-specific markers independent of cholesterol levels and aortic lesions and may be useful to detect patients who develop cardiovascular disease.
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Tagawa R, Kawano Y, Minami A, Nishiumi S, Yano Y, Yoshida M, Kodama Y. β-hydroxybutyrate protects hepatocytes against endoplasmic reticulum stress in a sirtuin 1-independent manner. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 663:220-227. [PMID: 30664838 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), a major ketone body in mammals, is produced from fatty acids through mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in hepatocytes. To elucidate the role of BHB in the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER), we examined the effects of BHB on hepatic ER stress induced by tunicamycin. In mouse hepatoma Hepa1c1c7 cells, BHB treatment suppressed the protein expression of ER stress responsive genes and increased cell viability, while reducing the protein expression of apoptosis inducible genes, without causing any alterations in the protein expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) or the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase. The intraperitoneal administration of BHB also reduced the protein expression of ER stress responsive genes in mouse livers. In human hepatoma HepG2 cells, the protein expression levels of ER stress responsive genes were increased by the partial inhibition of BHB production with siRNA targeting endogenous 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) lyase, whereas they were decreased by promoting BHB production with fenofibrate. These findings revealed that BHB helps to suppress hepatic ER stress via a SIRT1-independent pathway, and it might be possible to manipulate ER stress by regulating BHB production genetically or pharmacologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Tagawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Minami
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shin Nishiumi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaru Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Division of Metabolomics Research, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; AMED-CREST, AMED, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuzo Kodama
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Untargeted Profiling of Concordant/Discordant Phenotypes of High Insulin Resistance and Obesity To Predict the Risk of Developing Diabetes. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2307-2317. [PMID: 29905079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the metabolic profiles of concordant/discordant phenotypes of high insulin resistance (IR) and obesity. Through untargeted metabolomics (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS), we analyzed the fasting serum of subjects with high IR and/or obesity ( n = 64). An partial least-squares discriminant analysis with orthogonal signal correction followed by univariate statistics and enrichment analysis allowed exploration of these metabolic profiles. A multivariate regression method (LASSO) was used for variable selection and a predictive biomarker model to identify subjects with high IR regardless of obesity was built. Adrenic acid and a dyglyceride (DG) were shared by high IR and obesity. Uric and margaric acids, 14 DGs, ketocholesterol, and hydroxycorticosterone were unique to high IR, while arachidonic, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (HETE), palmitoleic, triHETE, and glycocholic acids, HETE lactone, leukotriene B4, and two glutamyl-peptides to obesity. DGs and adrenic acid differed in concordant/discordant phenotypes, thereby revealing protective mechanisms against high IR also in obesity. A biomarker model formed by DGs, uric and adrenic acids presented a high predictive power to identify subjects with high IR [AUC 80.1% (68.9-91.4)]. These findings could become relevant for diabetes risk detection and unveil new potential targets in therapeutic treatments of IR, diabetes, and obesity. An independent validated cohort is needed to confirm these results.
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Zhong J, Gong W, Chen J, Qing Y, Wu S, Li H, Huang C, Chen Y, Wang Y, Xu Z, Liu W, Li H, Long H. Micheliolide alleviates hepatic steatosis in db/db mice by inhibiting inflammation and promoting autophagy via PPAR-γ-mediated NF-кB and AMPK/mTOR signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 59:197-208. [PMID: 29656210 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anticancer effects of micheliolide (MCL) isolated from Michelia champaca were previously reported, but its role and underlying mechanisms in relieving liver steatosis remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the effects of MCL on hepatic steatosis using a db/db mouse model and lipid mixture (LM)-induced AML12 and LO2 cells. The body and liver weights, food consumption, lipid content and liver aminotransferase levels in serum, the lipid content and inflammatory cytokine levels in liver tissue, and the extent of hepatic steatosis in db/db mice were increased compared with those in db/m mice, and these increases were reversed by MCL treatment. Similarly, MCL also attenuated the inflammatory responses and lipid accumulation in LM-treated AML12 and L02 cells by upregulating PPAR-γ and decreasing p-IкBα and p-NF-κB/p65, thereby inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and reducing lipotoxicity. Furthermore, MCL administration increased LC3B, Atg7 and Beclin-1 expression and the LC3B-II/I ratio in db/db mouse livers and LM-treated AML12 and L02 cells, and these MCL-induced increases were mediated by the activation of PPAR-γ and p-AMPK and inhibition of p-mTOR and induce autophagy. These effects were blocked by PPAR-γ and AMPK inhibitors. Our findings suggest that MCL ameliorates liver steatosis by upregulating PPAR-γ expression, thereby inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammation and activating AMPK/mTOR-dependent autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi 530022, PR China
| | - Wangqiu Gong
- Nephropathy Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Laboratory Medicine Center, NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Yao Qing
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi 530022, PR China
| | - Shuyue Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi 530022, PR China
| | - Hongbei Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi 530022, PR China
| | - Chunxi Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi 530022, PR China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Nephropathy Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, PR China
| | - Yuxian Wang
- Nephropathy Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, PR China
| | - Zhaozhong Xu
- Nephropathy Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, PR China
| | - Wenting Liu
- Nephropathy Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, PR China
| | - HongYu Li
- Nephropathy Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, PR China
| | - Haibo Long
- Nephropathy Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, PR China.
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Kahl S, Nowotny B, Strassburger K, Bierwagen A, Klüppelholz B, Hoffmann B, Giani G, Nowotny PJ, Wallscheid F, Hatziagelaki E, Pacini G, Hwang JH, Roden M. Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Levels Affect Hepatic Phosphorus Metabolite Content in Metabolically Healthy Humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:460-468. [PMID: 29140513 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatic energy metabolism negatively relates to insulin resistance and liver fat content in patients with type 2 diabetes, but its role in metabolically healthy humans is unclear. We hypothesized that intrahepatocellular γ-adenosine triphosphate (γATP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentrations exhibit similar associations with insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic, nonobese volunteers. DESIGN A total of 76 participants underwent a four-point sampling, 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), as well as in vivo31P/1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In 62 of them, targeted plasma metabolomic profiling was performed. Pearson correlation analyses were performed for the dependent variables γATP and Pi. RESULTS Adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), hepatic γATP and Pi related to 2-hour OGTT glucose (r = 0.25 and r = 0.27, both P < 0.05), and Pi further associated with nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs; r = 0.28, P < 0.05). However, neither γATP nor Pi correlated with several measures of insulin sensitivity. Hepatic γATP correlated with circulating leucine (r = 0.42, P < 0.001) and Pi with C16:1 fatty acids palmitoleic acid and C16:1w5 (r = 0.28 and 0.30, respectively, P < 0.01), as well as with δ-9-desaturase index (r = 0.33, P < 0.05). Only the association of γATP with leucine remained important after correction for multiple testing. Leucine and palmitoleic acid, together with age, sex, and BMI, accounted for 26% and for 15% of the variabilities in γATP and Pi, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Specific circulating amino acids and NEFAs, but not measures of insulin sensitivity, partly affect hepatic phosphorus metabolites, suggesting mutual interaction between hepatic energy metabolism and circulating metabolites in nondiabetic humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kahl
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bettina Nowotny
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Strassburger
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alessandra Bierwagen
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Klüppelholz
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guido Giani
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter J Nowotny
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Wallscheid
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Erifili Hatziagelaki
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Athens University, "Attikon" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Giovanni Pacini
- Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Padova, Italy
| | - Jong-Hee Hwang
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
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Kania-Korwel I, Wu X, Wang K, Lehmler HJ. Identification of lipidomic markers of chronic 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) exposure in the male rat liver. Toxicology 2017; 390:124-134. [PMID: 28890136 PMCID: PMC5633524 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to PCB 126, an environmentally relevant aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist, is an environmental factor causing hepatic steatosis in rodent models; however, the lipidome of PCB 126-exposed rats has not been investigated in-depth. The objective of the present study was therefore to characterize dose-dependent changes in the lipid profile in the liver of male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to PCB 126. Rats were exposed for three month to intraperitoneal injections of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.2μmol/kg bw PCB 126 in corn oil. Control animals were exposed in parallel and received corn oil alone. Lipids were extracted from whole liver homogenate and levels of polar lipids and fatty acids incorporated into triglycerides (FATAGs) were determined with tandem mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization. PCB 126 exposure increased the hepatic content of polar lipids and FATAGs. Protein adjusted levels of several polar lipid classes, in particular phosphatidylserine levels, decreased, whereas FATAGs levels typically increased with increasing PCB 126 dose. Sensitive, dose-dependent endpoints of PCB 126 exposure included an increase in levels of adrenic acid incorporated into triglycerides and changes in levels of certain ether-linked phospholipid and 1-alkyl/1-alkenyldiacylglycerol species, as determined using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and ANOVA. These changes in the composition of polar lipids and fatty acid in the liver of PCB 126 exposed rats identified several novel markers of PCB 126-mediated fatty liver disease that need to be validated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Kania-Korwel
- Department of Occupational Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Xianai Wu
- Department of Occupational Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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