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Hejazian SM, Ardalan M, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Rahbar Saadat Y, Barzegari A, Gueguen V, Meddahi-Pellé A, Anagnostou F, Zununi Vahed S, Pavon-Djavid G. Biofactors regulating mitochondrial function and dynamics in podocytes and podocytopathies. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2206-2227. [PMID: 37659096 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes are terminally differentiated kidney cells acting as the main gatekeepers of the glomerular filtration barrier; hence, inhibiting proteinuria. Podocytopathies are classified as kidney diseases caused by podocyte damage. Different genetic and environmental risk factors can cause podocyte damage and death. Recent evidence shows that mitochondrial dysfunction also contributes to podocyte damage. Understanding alterations in mitochondrial metabolism and function in podocytopathies and whether altered mitochondrial homeostasis/dynamics is a cause or effect of podocyte damage are issues that need in-depth studies. This review highlights the roles of mitochondria and their bioenergetics in podocytes. Then, factors/signalings that regulate mitochondria in podocytes are discussed. After that, the role of mitochondrial dysfunction is reviewed in podocyte injury and the development of different podocytopathies. Finally, the mitochondrial therapeutic targets are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Abolfazl Barzegari
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Virginie Gueguen
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Anne Meddahi-Pellé
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Fani Anagnostou
- Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 7052 INSERM U1271, B3OA, Paris, France
| | | | - Graciela Pavon-Djavid
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
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Wang D, Li J, Luo G, Zhou J, Wang N, Wang S, Zhao R, Cao X, Ma Y, Liu G, Hao L. Nox4 as a novel therapeutic target for diabetic vascular complications. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102781. [PMID: 37321060 PMCID: PMC10363438 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic vascular complications can affect both microvascular and macrovascular. Diabetic microvascular complications, such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy, are believed to be caused by oxidative stress. The Nox family of NADPH oxidases is a significant source of reactive oxygen species and plays a crucial role in regulating redox signaling, particularly in response to high glucose and diabetes mellitus. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge about the role of Nox4 and its regulatory mechanisms in diabetic microangiopathies. Especially, the latest novel advances in the upregulation of Nox4 that aggravate various cell types within diabetic kidney disease will be highlighted. Interestingly, this review also presents the mechanisms by which Nox4 regulates diabetic microangiopathy from novel perspectives such as epigenetics. Besides, we emphasize Nox4 as a therapeutic target for treating microvascular complications of diabetes and summarize drugs, inhibitors, and dietary components targeting Nox4 as important therapeutic measures in preventing and treating diabetic microangiopathy. Additionally, this review also sums up the evidence related to Nox4 and diabetic macroangiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxia Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuxia Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei International Joint Research Center for Structural Heart Disease, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury Repair Mechanism Study, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| | - Liping Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Wiernsperger N, Al-Salameh A, Cariou B, Lalau JD. Protection by metformin against severe Covid-19: an in-depth mechanistic analysis. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2022; 48:101359. [PMID: 35662580 PMCID: PMC9154087 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2022.101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of Covid-19, several observational studies on diabetes and Covid-19 have reported a favourable association between metformin and Covid-19-related outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This is not surprising since metformin affects many of the pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in SARS-CoV-2 immune response, systemic spread and sequelae. A comparison of the multifactorial pathophysiological mechanisms of Covid-19 progression with metformin's well-known pleiotropic properties suggests that the treatment of patients with this drug might be particularly beneficial. Indeed, metformin could alleviate the cytokine storm, diminish virus entry into cells, protect against microvascular damage as well as prevent secondary fibrosis. Although our in-depth analysis covers many potential metformin mechanisms of action, we want to highlight more particularly its unique microcirculatory protective effects since worsening of Covid-19 disease clearly appears as largely due to severe defects in the structure and functioning of microvessels. Overall, these observations confirm that metformin is a unique, pleiotropic drug that targets many of Covid-19′s pathophysiology processes in a diabetes-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdallah Al-Salameh
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Nutrition, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France; PériTox/UMR-I 01, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- Département d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Nutrition, l'institut du thorax, Inserm, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Hôpital Guillaume et René Laennec, 44093 Nantes Cedex 01, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Lalau
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Nutrition, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France; PériTox/UMR-I 01, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
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Zou H, Zou H, Li X, Qiu Q, Geng N, Zhang B, Yan G, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Yao B, Zhang G, Zou C. Metformin-induced AMPK activation suppresses larval growth and molting probably by disrupting 20E synthesis and glycometabolism in fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 183:105083. [PMID: 35430073 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, considered to be a potent AMPK activator, is widely used for clinical therapy of cancer and diabetes due to its distinct function in regulating cell energy balance and body metabolism. However, the effect of metformin-induced AMPK activation on the growth and development of insects remains largely unknown. In the present study, we focused on the role of metformin in regulating the growth and development of Hyphantria cunea, a notorious defoliator in the forestry. Firstly, we obtained the complete coding sequences of HcAMPKα2, HcAMPKβ1, HcAMPKγ2 from H. cunea, which encoded a protein of 512, 281, and 680 amino acids respectively. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis revealed that these three subunits were highly homologous with the AMPK subunits from other lepidopteran species. According to the bioassay, we found metformin remarkably restrained the growth and development of H. cunea larvae, and caused molting delayed and body weight reduced. In addition, expressions of HcAMPKα2, HcAMPKβ1, and HcAMPKγ2 were upregulated 3.30-, 5.93- and 5.92-folds at 24 h after treatment, confirming that metformin activated AMPK signaling at the transcriptional level in H. cunea larvae. Conversely, the expressions of two vital Halloween genes (HcCYP306A1 and HcCYP314A1) in the 20E synthesis pathway were remarkably suppressed by metformin. Thus, we presumed that metformin delayed larval molting probably by impeding 20E synthesis in the H. cunea larvae. Finally, we found that metformin accelerated glycogen breakdown, elevated in vivo trehalose level, promoted chitin synthesis, and upregulated transcriptions of the genes in chitin synthesis pathway. Taken together, the findings provide a new insight into the molecular mechanisms by which AMPK regulates carbohydrate metabolism and chitin synthesis in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zou
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Hang Zou
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Xingpeng Li
- School of Forestry, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, PR China
| | - Qian Qiu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Nannan Geng
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Bihan Zhang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Gaige Yan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Shengyu Zhang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Bin Yao
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Guocai Zhang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Chuanshan Zou
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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Audzeyenka I, Bierżyńska A, Lay AC. Podocyte Bioenergetics in the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy: The Role of Mitochondria. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6429716. [PMID: 34791124 PMCID: PMC8660556 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of kidney failure, with an increasing incidence worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction is known to occur in DN and has been implicated in the underlying pathogenesis of disease. These complex organelles have an array of important cellular functions and involvement in signaling pathways, and understanding the intricacies of these responses in health, as well as how they are damaged in disease, is likely to highlight novel therapeutic avenues. A key cell type damaged early in DN is the podocyte, and increasing studies have focused on investigating the role of mitochondria in podocyte injury. This review will summarize what is known about podocyte mitochondrial dynamics in DN, with a particular focus on bioenergetic pathways, highlighting key studies in this field and potential opportunities to target, enhance or protect podocyte mitochondrial function in the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Audzeyenka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence: Irena Audzeyenka, PhD, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza St. 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Bierżyńska
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Abigail C Lay
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Teh YM, Mualif SA, Lim SK. A comprehensive insight into autophagy and its potential signaling pathways as a therapeutic target in podocyte injury. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 143:106153. [PMID: 34974186 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As part of the glomerular filtration membrane, podocyte is terminally differentiated, structurally unique, and highly specialized in maintaining kidney function. Proteinuria caused by podocyte injury (foot process effacement) is the clinical symptom of various kidney diseases (CKD), including nephrotic syndrome. Podocyte autophagy has become a powerful therapeutic strategy target in ameliorating podocyte injury. Autophagy is known to be associated significantly with sirtuin-1, proteinuria, and podocyte injury. Various key findings in podocyte autophagy were reported in the past ten years, such as the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in podocyte autophagy impairment, podocyte autophagy-related gene, essential roles of the signaling pathways: Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR)/ Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3k)/ serine/threonine kinase 1 (Akt) in podocyte autophagy. These significant factors caused podocyte injury associated with autophagy impairment. Sirtuin-1 was reported to have a vital key role in mTOR signaling, 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulation, autophagy activation, and various critical pathways associated with podocyte's function and health; it has potential value to podocyte injury pathogenesis investigation. From these findings, podocyte autophagy has become an attractive therapeutic strategy to ameliorate podocyte injury, and this review will provide an in-depth review on therapeutic targets he podocyte autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoong Mond Teh
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aisyah Mualif
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Medical Device and Technology Centre (MEDiTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Soo Kun Lim
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Rogacka D, Piwkowska A. Beneficial effects of metformin on glomerular podocytes in diabetes. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114687. [PMID: 34274355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes and their foot processes form an important cellular layer of the glomerular barrier involved in regulating glomerular permeability. Disturbances in podocyte function play a central role in the development of proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy. The retraction of podocyte foot processes forming a slit diaphragm is a common feature of proteinuria. Metformin is an oral antidiabetic agent of the biguanide class that is widely recommended for the treatment of high blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to lowering glucose, several recent studies have reported potential beneficial effects of metformin on diabetic kidney function. Furthermore, a key molecule of the antidiabetic mechanism of action of metformin is adenosine 5'-monophospate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), as the metformin-induced activation of AMPK is well documented. The present review summarizes current knowledge on the protective effects of metformin against pathological changes in podocytes that are induced by hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Rogacka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk 80-308, Poland; Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk 80-308, Poland; Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk 80-308, Poland.
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