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Liu C, Wang X, Wang S, Xiang J, Xie H, Tan Z, Li X, Zhang J, Dong W. Comprehensive analysis of P2Y family genes expression, immune characteristics, and prognosis in pan-cancer. Transl Oncol 2023; 37:101776. [PMID: 37672858 PMCID: PMC10485639 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND P2Y receptors are a family of G protein-coupled receptor genes that have an important function in cancer development and metastasis. However, systematic studies have not been conducted on human tumors. This study attempted to explore the role of P2Y family genes (P2Ys) in pan-cancer. METHODS Gene expression and clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Alas dataset. Gene differential expression, mutation, prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME) (containing immune cells infiltration, Estimate/immune/stromal scores, immune checkpoints, immune and molecular subtypes, DNA repair genes and methyltransferase), clinical correlation, protein-protein interaction network and functional enrichment analysis were performed. In addition, experiments such as western blots were performed for validation. RESULTS Eight P2Ys were differentially expressed in most tumor and normal tissues, and their abnormal expression in a variety of cancers could significantly reduce the survival rate of patients. Expression levels of P2Ys, especially P2Y6, P2Y12, P2Y13, P2Y14, were correlated significantly with immune cells, immune checkpoint genes, immune and molecular subtypes and Estimate/immune/stromal scores in a variety of cancers such as uveal melanoma, liver hepatocellular carcinoma, stomach adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer (CRC), prostate adenocarcinoma, breast invasive carcinoma and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (all p < 0.05). P2Ys play an important role in TME and are involved in immune regulation. In addition, enrichment analysis and western blots showed that the levels of P2Y2 and P2Y6 expression regulate the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway in CRC, thereby affecting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. CONCLUSION P2Ys may be used as potential pan-cancer biomarkers in prognosis and immunology. They may also be new targets for tumor immunotherapy, which has wide clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Siwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiankang Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Huabing Xie
- Department of General Practice, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zongbiao Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xinshu Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical of University, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Jixiang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Weiguo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
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2
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Su L, Zhang J, Wang J, Wang X, Cao E, Yang C, Sun Q, Sivakumar R, Peng Z. Pannexin 1 targets mitophagy to mediate renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Commun Biol 2023; 6:889. [PMID: 37644178 PMCID: PMC10465551 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury contributes to the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). Kidney is the second organ rich in mitochondrial content next to the heart. Mitochondrial damage substantially contributes for AKI development. Mitophagy eliminates damaged mitochondria from the cells to maintain a healthy mitochondrial population, which plays an important role in AKI. Pannexin 1 (PANX1) channel transmembrane proteins are known to drive inflammation and release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during I/R injury. However, the specific role of PANX1 on mitophagy regulation in renal I/R injury remains elusive. In this study, we find that serum level of PANX1 is elevated in patients who developed AKI after cardiac surgery, and the level of PANX1 is positively correlated with serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels. Using the mouse model of renal I/R injury in vivo and cell-based hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model in vitro, we prove that genetic deletion of PANX1 mitigate the kidney tubular cell death, oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage after I/R injury through enhanced mitophagy. Mechanistically, PANX1 disrupts mitophagy by influencing ATP-P2Y-mTOR signal pathway. These observations provide evidence that PANX1 could be a potential biomarker for AKI and a therapeutic target to alleviate AKI caused by I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjiu Su
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
- Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaozhan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Edward Cao
- Department of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Qihao Sun
- Department of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ramadoss Sivakumar
- Department of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyong Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
- Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, China.
- Center of Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA.
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3
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Wang Y, Luo Y, Yang S, Jiang M, Chu Y. LC-MS/MS-Based Serum Metabolomics and Transcriptome Analyses for the Mechanism of Augmented Renal Clearance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10459. [PMID: 37445637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Augmented Renal Clearance (ARC) refers to the increased renal clearance of circulating solute in critically ill patients. In this study, the analytical research method of transcriptomics combined with metabolomics was used to study the pathogenesis of ARC at the transcriptional and metabolic levels. In transcriptomics, 534 samples from 5 datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus database were analyzed and 834 differential genes associated with ARC were obtained. In metabolomics, we used Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry to determine the non-targeted metabolites of 102 samples after matching propensity scores, and obtained 45 differential metabolites associated with ARC. The results of the combined analysis showed that purine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and arachidonic acid metabolism were changed in patients with ARC. We speculate that the occurrence of ARC may be related to the alteration of renal blood perfusion by LTB4R, ARG1, ALOX5, arginine and prostaglandins E2 through inflammatory response, as well as the effects of CA4, PFKFB2, PFKFB3, PRKACB, NMDAR, glutamate and cAMP on renal capillary wall permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yifan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Mingyan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yang Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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4
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Szrejder M, Typiak M, Pikul P, Audzeyenka I, Rachubik P, Rogacka D, Narajczyk M, Piwkowska A. Role of L-lactate as an energy substrate in primary rat podocytes under physiological and glucose deprivation conditions. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151298. [PMID: 36805821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate has long been acknowledged to be a metabolic waste product, but it has more recently been found as a fuel energy source in mammalian cells. Podocytes are an important component of the glomerular filter, and their role in maintaining the structural integrity of this structure was established. These cells rely on a constant energy supply and reservoir. The utilization of alternative energy substrates to preserve energetic homeostasis is a subject of extensive research, and lactate appears to be one such candidate. Therefore, we investigated the role of lactate as an energy substrate and characterize the lactate transport system in cultured rat podocytes during sufficient and insufficient glucose supplies. The present study, for the first time, demonstrated the presence of lactate transporters in podocytes. Moreover, we observed modified the amount of these transporters in response to limited glucose availability and after l-lactate supplementation. Simultaneously, exposure to l-lactate preserved cell survival during insufficient glucose supply. Interestingly, during glucose deprivation, lactate exposure allowed the steady flow of glycolysis and prevented glycogen reserves depletion. Summarizing, podocytes utilize lactate as an energy substrate and possess a developed system that controls lactate homeostasis, suggesting that it plays an essential role in podocyte metabolism, especially during fluctuations of energy availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Szrejder
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Marlena Typiak
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland; University of Gdansk, Faculty of Biology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Pikul
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Irena Audzeyenka
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland; University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Patrycja Rachubik
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dorota Rogacka
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland; University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland; University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk, Poland
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5
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Rachubik P, Szrejder M, Rogacka D, Typiak M, Audzeyenka I, Kasztan M, Pollock DM, Angielski S, Piwkowska A. Insulin controls cytoskeleton reorganization and filtration barrier permeability via the PKGIα-Rac1-RhoA crosstalk in cultured rat podocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119301. [PMID: 35642843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Podocyte foot processes are an important cellular layer of the glomerular barrier that regulates glomerular permeability. Insulin via the protein kinase G type Iα (PKGIα) signaling pathway regulates the balance between contractility and relaxation (permeability) of the podocyte barrier by regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. This mechanism was shown to be disrupted in diabetes. Rho family guanosine-5'-triphosphates (GTPases) are dynamic modulators of the actin cytoskeleton and expressed in cells that form the glomerular filtration barrier. Thus, changes in Rho GTPase activity may affect glomerular permeability to albumin. The present study showed that Rho family GTPases control podocyte migration and permeability. Moreover these processes are regulated by insulin in PKGIα-dependent manner. Modulation of the PKGI-dependent activity of Rac1 and RhoA GTPases with inhibitors or small-interfering RNA impair glomerular permeability to albumin. We also demonstrated this mechanism in obese, insulin-resistant Zucker rats. We propose that PKGIα-Rac1-RhoA crosstalk is necessary in proper organization of the podocyte cytoskeleton and consequently the stabilization of glomerular architecture and regulation of filtration barrier permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Rachubik
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria Szrejder
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dorota Rogacka
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland; University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marlena Typiak
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland; University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Biology, Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Irena Audzeyenka
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland; University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kasztan
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David M Pollock
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stefan Angielski
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland; University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Gdańsk, Poland.
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6
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Zhou M, Wang W, Wang Z, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Lin Z, Tian S, Huang Y, Hu Q, Li H. Discovery and computational studies of 2-phenyl-benzoxazole acetamide derivatives as promising P2Y 14R antagonists with anti-gout potential. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 227:113933. [PMID: 34689072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The P2Y14 nucleotide receptor, a subtype of P2Y receptors, is implicated in many human inflammatory diseases. Based on the identification of favorable residues of two screening hits in the almost symmetrical P2Y14 binding domain, we describe the structural optimization of previously identified virtual screening hits 6 and 7 that result in the development of P2Y14R antagonists with a novel 2-phenyl-benzoxazole acetamide chemical scaffold. Notably, compound 52 showed potent P2Y14R antagonistic activity (IC50 = 2 nM), and a stronger inhibitory effect on MSU-induced inflammatory in vitro, better than a previously described P2Y14R antagonist PPTN. In vivo evaluation demonstrated that compound 52 also had satisfactory inhibitory activity on the inflammatory response of gout flares in mice. Moreover, P2Y14R antagonist 52 decreased paw swelling and inflammatory cell infiltration through cAMP/NLRP3/GSDMD signaling pathways in MSU-induced acute gouty arthritis mice. The discussions on the binding mechanism that employ MM/GBSA free energy calculations/decompositions also provide some useful clues for further structural designing of compound 52. Taken together, 2-phenyl-benzoxazole acetamide derivative 52 with potent P2Y14R antagonistic activity and in vivo potency could be a promising strategy for gout therapy and deserves further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengze Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhongkui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Yanda Hospital, NO.6 Sipulan Road, Sanhe, Hebei, 065201, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhiqian Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Sheng Tian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Huanqiu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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7
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Szrejder M, Rogacka D, Piwkowska A. Purinergic P2 receptors: Involvement and therapeutic implications in diabetes-related glomerular injury. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 714:109078. [PMID: 34742673 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The purinergic activation of P2 receptors initiates a powerful and rapid signaling cascade that contributes to the regulation of an array of physiological and pathophysiological processes in many organs, including the kidney. P2 receptors are broadly distributed in both epithelial and vascular renal cells. Disturbances of purinergic signaling can lead to impairments in renal function. A growing body of evidence indicates changes in P2 receptor expression and nucleotide metabolism in chronic renal injury and inflammatory diseases. Increasing attention has focused on purinergic P2X7 receptors, which are not normally expressed in healthy kidney tissue but are highly expressed at sites of tissue damage and inflammation. Under hyperglycemic conditions, several mechanisms that are linked to purinergic signaling and involve nucleotide release and degradation are disrupted, resulting in the accumulation of adenosine 5'-triphosphate in the bloodstream in diabetes. Dysfunction of the purinergic system might be associated with serious vascular complications in diabetes, including diabetic nephropathy. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the role of P2 receptors in diabetes-related glomerular injury and its implications for new therapeutics for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Szrejder
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Dorota Rogacka
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland; Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland; Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk, Poland
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8
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Ai X, Dong X, Guo Y, Yang P, Hou Y, Bai J, Zhang S, Wang X. Targeting P2 receptors in purinergic signaling: a new strategy of active ingredients in traditional Chinese herbals for diseases treatment. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:229-240. [PMID: 33751327 PMCID: PMC8155138 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its metabolites adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, and adenosine in purinergic signaling pathway play important roles in many diseases. Activation of P2 receptors (P2R) channels and subsequent membrane depolarization can induce accumulation of extracellular ATP, and furtherly cause kinds of diseases, such as pain- and immune-related diseases, cardiac dysfunction, and tumorigenesis. Active ingredients of traditional Chinese herbals which exhibit superior pharmacological activities on diversified P2R channels have been considered as an alternative strategy of disease treatment. Experimental evidence of potential ingredients in Chinese herbs targeting P2R and their pharmacological activities were outlined in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Ai
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Dong
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Hou
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinrong Bai
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanyin Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
- Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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9
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Sholokh A, Klussmann E. Local cyclic adenosine monophosphate signalling cascades-Roles and targets in chronic kidney disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13641. [PMID: 33660401 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying chronic kidney disease (CKD) are poorly understood and treatment options are limited, a situation underpinning the need for elucidating the causative molecular mechanisms and for identifying innovative treatment options. It is emerging that cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signalling occurs in defined cellular compartments within nanometre dimensions in processes whose dysregulation is associated with CKD. cAMP compartmentalization is tightly controlled by a specific set of proteins, including A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) and phosphodiesterases (PDEs). AKAPs such as AKAP18, AKAP220, AKAP-Lbc and STUB1, and PDE4 coordinate arginine-vasopressin (AVP)-induced water reabsorption by collecting duct principal cells. However, hyperactivation of the AVP system is associated with kidney damage and CKD. Podocyte injury involves aberrant AKAP signalling. cAMP signalling in immune cells can be local and slow the progression of inflammatory processes typical for CKD. A major risk factor of CKD is hypertension. cAMP directs the release of the blood pressure regulator, renin, from juxtaglomerular cells, and plays a role in Na+ reabsorption through ENaC, NKCC2 and NCC in the kidney. Mutations in the cAMP hydrolysing PDE3A that cause lowering of cAMP lead to hypertension. Another major risk factor of CKD is diabetes mellitus. AKAP18 and AKAP150 and several PDEs are involved in insulin release. Despite the increasing amount of data, an understanding of functions of compartmentalized cAMP signalling with relevance for CKD is fragmentary. Uncovering functions will improve the understanding of physiological processes and identification of disease-relevant aberrations may guide towards new therapeutic concepts for the treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Sholokh
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Helmholtz Association Berlin Germany
| | - Enno Klussmann
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Helmholtz Association Berlin Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Berlin Germany
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10
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Kwon K, Hwang Y, Jung J, Tae G. Enhanced Transport and Permeation of a Polymeric Nanocarrier across the Retina by Mixing with ATP upon Intravitreal Injection. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:463. [PMID: 33805533 PMCID: PMC8065980 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The outer part of the retina pigment epithelium (RPE) in the retina is the main site of neovascularization associated with retinal diseases. However, various obstacles interrupt the delivery of medicines across the RPE, mainly due to the well-developed tight junctions in the RPE. Currently, there is no practical formulation to overcome this issue. In this study, we demonstrated that simple mixing with adenosine tetraphosphate (ATP) has the potential to greatly enhance the transport and permeation of a polymeric nanocarrier across the retina via intravitreal administration. Chitosan-functionalized, pluronic-based nanocarrier (NC), which can deliver various biomolecules efficiently, was used as a polymeric nanocarrier. Mixing with ATP facilitated the diffusion of the nanocarrier in the vitreous humor by reducing the electrostatic interaction between NC and negatively charged glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the vitreous humor. Mixing with ATP also allowed the penetration of NC across the whole retina, and it resulted in a great increase (approximately nine times) in the transport of NC across the retina, as well as spreading it throughout the whole retina upon intravitreal administration in a mouse model. This enhanced permeation across the retina was specific to ATP but not to GTP, suggesting the possibility of P2Y receptor-mediated tight junction disruption by ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giyoong Tae
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea; (K.K.); (Y.H.); (J.J.)
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