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Pradhan SM, Mandal P, Mathew AA, Unni AR, Gowd GS, Panonnummal R, Kanthlal SK. Unveiling the therapeutic potential of plant steroid peimine: A study on apoptotic induction in MRMT-1 cell line-induced breast cancer in rats. Steroids 2024; 209:109467. [PMID: 38959994 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer stands as a leading contributor to global cancer-related mortality. Progressing Research and Medical Innovations Elevate Treatment Choices and Results for Breast Cancer. Among these, Peimine, a natural steroid inherent in plants, notably within the Fritillaria species, demonstrates the capability to trigger apoptosis in breast cancer cells through the mitochondrial membrane permeation pathway. Nevertheless, its impact on an appropriate cancer model remains an area necessitating further exploration. AIM This study explored the in vivo anticancer effects of peimine on MRMT-1 Cell-line induced breast cancer in rats. METHOD Cancer was induced by the administration of MRMT-1 (6 x 106 cells) cells in the mammary pads of SD rats. The daily drug treatmentcommenced on day 14 and continued till 39 days. Peimine was administered in two doses (0.24 mg/kg and 0.48 mg/kg p.o) to examine its efficacy in curing breast cancer while tamoxifen was used as standard. RESULTS A reduction in tumour size was observed in the peimine-treated groups. Peimine can correct the changed blood cell count in addition to its anti-tumour activity. In peimine-treated rats, imbalanced immune marker IgE, serum oxidative marker, and tissue apoptotic markers like cytochrome c and calcium level were shown to be restored significantly. CONCLUSION Our findings imply that quinine has beneficial effects as an anti-neoplastic medication for breast cancer, most likely through its apoptotic activity. More research is necessary to thoroughly understand their mechanisms of action, ideal dose, and potential side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Mig Pradhan
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Pronay Mandal
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Aparna Ann Mathew
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Ashok R Unni
- Central Lab Animal Facility, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Genekehal Siddaramana Gowd
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Rajitha Panonnummal
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India.
| | - S K Kanthlal
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India.
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Shojaedini M, Hemadi M, Saki G, Fakhredini F, Khodayar MJ, Khorsandi L. Thymoquinone effects on autophagy, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in cisplatin-induced testicular damage in mice. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:1881-1891. [PMID: 38568464 PMCID: PMC11263301 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, the effect of thymoquinone (TQ) on CP-induced spermatogenesis defects in mice has been investigated. METHODS Sperm parameters, serum testosterone concentration, histology, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and expression of autophagy-related biomarkers have been assessed. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) in testicular tissue were examined for the evaluation of oxidative stress levels. RESULTS CP has induced histological changes and significantly increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, decreased testosterone concentration, testicular weight, and sperm quality. CP induced oxidative stress by elevating OSI in the testicular tissue (p < 0.05). Expression of the autophagy-inducer genes (ATG7, ATG5, and Beclin-1) and ratio of LC3B/LC3A proteins were significantly decreased, while mTOR expression was increased in the CP group. TQ pretreatment dose-dependently decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and mTOR gene expression while increasing the expression of ATG5 and ATG7 genes, LC3B/LC3A ratio, and Beclin-1 proteins. TQ could also dose-dependently reverse the histology, testosterone level, and sperm quality of the CP-intoxicated mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that TQ pretreatment can enhance sperm production by inducing autophagy and reducing apoptosis and oxidative stress in the CP-intoxicated mouse testicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Shojaedini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masoud Hemadi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Saki
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fereshtehsadat Fakhredini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Kumar V, Kumar R, Gurusubramanian G, Rathore SS, Roy VK. Morin hydrate ameliorates Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) induced hepatotoxicity in a mouse model via TNF-α and NF-κβ signaling. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:181. [PMID: 38911474 PMCID: PMC11189377 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalic acid (DEHP) pollutes the environment, and posing a significant risk to human and animal health. Consequently, a successful preventative strategy against DEHP-induced liver toxicity needs to be investigated. Morin hydrate (MH), a flavanol compound, possesses toxic preventive attributes against various environmental pollutants. However, the effects of MH have not been investigated against DEHP-induced liver toxicity. Female Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups: control, DEHP (orally administered with 500 mg/kg, DEHP plus MH 10 mg/kg, and DEHP plus MH 100 mg/kg for 14 days. The results showed that the MH treatment ameliorated the DEHP-induced liver dysfunctions by decreasing the alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin, liver histoarchitecture, fibrosis, and markers of oxidative stress. Furthermore, DEHP increased apoptosis, increased active caspase 3 and decreased B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression. However, the MH treatment showed a differential effect on these proteins; a lower dose increased, and a higher dose decreased the expression. Thus, a lower dose of MH could be involved in the disposal of damaged hepatocytes. Expression of Estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) also showed a similar trend with active caspase 3. Furthermore, the expression of Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Nuclear factor-κβ (NF-κβ) were up-regulated by DEHP treatment, and MH treatment down-regulated the expression of these two inflammatory markers. Since this down-regulation of TNF-α and NF-κβ coincides with improved liver functions against DEHP-induced toxicity, it can be concluded that MH-mediated liver function involves the singling of TNF-α and NF-κβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar 845401 India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar 845401 India
| | | | - Saurabh Singh Rathore
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar 845401 India
| | - Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram 796 004 India
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Chen J, Zhao T, Zheng X, Kang L, Wang J, Wei Y, Wu Y, Shen L, Long C, Wei G, Wu S. Protective effects of melatonin on DEHP-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in prepubertal testes via the PI3K/AKT pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:952-964. [PMID: 37975621 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), an environmental endocrine disruptor, is one of the most common plasticizers and is widely used in various plastic products. DEHP induces apoptosis and oxidative stress and has been shown to have androgenic toxicity. However, the methods to combat DEHP-induced testicular damage and the mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we used melatonin, which has strong antioxidant properties, to intervene in prepubertal mice and mouse Leydig cells (TM3) treated with DEHP or its metabolite mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP). The results showed that melatonin protected against DEHP-induced testicular damage in prepubertal mice, mainly by protecting against DEHP-induced structural destruction of the germinal tubules and by attenuating the DEHP-induced decrease in testicular organ coefficients and testosterone levels. Transcriptomic analysis found that melatonin may attenuate DEHP-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in prepubertal testes. In vitro studies further revealed that MEHP induces oxidative stress injury and increases apoptosis in TM3 cells, while melatonin reversed this damage. In vitro studies also found that MEHP exposure inhibited the expression levels of molecules related to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and melatonin reversed this change. In conclusion, these findings suggest that melatonin protects against DEHP-induced prepubertal testicular injury via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and provide a theoretical basis and experimental rationale for combating male reproductive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianxin Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Woman and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangqin Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Lian Kang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Junke Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuexin Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhao Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Lianju Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunlan Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengde Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Lin Y, Xu W, Yang L, Chen Z, Zhai J, Zhu Q, Guo Z, Wang N, Zhang C, Deng H, Wang S, Yang G. Mechanism of testicular injury induced by Di-ethylhexyl phthalate and its protective agents. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 381:110575. [PMID: 37257576 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is used as an important plasticizer in a wide range of products such as paints, food packaging, medical devices and children's toys. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the toxic effects of DEHP on the male reproductive organs, the testicles. Here, we reviewed the basic pathways of testicular damage caused by DEHP. The mechanism involves oxidative stress, ferroptosis, interfering with hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPGA) and testosterone level. We summarized the protective agents that have been shown to be effective in repairing this type of testicular damage in recent years. This provides a new perspective and direction for future research into the health effects and molecular mechanisms of DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Lin
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9W. Lushun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Wenqi Xu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9W. Lushun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9W. Lushun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zhengguo Chen
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9W. Lushun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jianan Zhai
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9W. Lushun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9W. Lushun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zhifang Guo
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9W. Lushun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9W. Lushun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9W. Lushun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Haoyuan Deng
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9W. Lushun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China.
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9W. Lushun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China.
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Hug E, Villeneuve P, Bravard S, Chorfa A, Damon-Soubeyrand C, Somkuti SG, Moazamian A, Aitken RJ, Gharagozloo P, Drevet JR, Saez F. Loss of Nuclear/DNA Integrity in Mouse Epididymal Spermatozoa after Short-Term Exposure to Low Doses of Dibutyl Phthalate or Bisphenol AF and Its Mitigation by Oral Antioxidant Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051046. [PMID: 37237912 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Routine exposure to chemicals omnipresent in the environment, particularly the so-called endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), has been associated with decreased sperm quality and increased anomalies in testis. The decline in semen quality and testicular abnormalities have been attributed to the disruption of endocrine signaling as well as oxidative stress. The present study set out to examine the effect of short-term exposure of two common EDCs widely used in the plastic industry: Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP) and Bisphenol AF (BPAF). Our research objective was to focus on the post-testicular compartment of the epididymis, where spermatozoa acquire their functional capacity and are stored. The data obtained indicated no significant effect for either chemicals on sperm viability, motility or acrosome integrity. Neither of the EDCs had a noticeable effect on the structures of the testis and epididymis. However, substantial impact on the integrity of the sperm nucleus and DNA structure was evidenced by a significant increase in nuclear decondensation and DNA base oxidation. The damage observed was postulated to arise from the pro-oxidant properties of the EDCs generating excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggering a state of oxidative stress. This hypothesis was confirmed when the observed damage was largely blocked by co-administering EDCs with an evidenced-based antioxidant formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Hug
- GReD Institute, CNRS UMR6293-Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculté de Médecine, CRBC, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pauline Villeneuve
- GReD Institute, CNRS UMR6293-Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculté de Médecine, CRBC, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stephanie Bravard
- GReD Institute, CNRS UMR6293-Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculté de Médecine, CRBC, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Areski Chorfa
- GReD Institute, CNRS UMR6293-Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculté de Médecine, CRBC, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christelle Damon-Soubeyrand
- GReD Institute, CNRS UMR6293-Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculté de Médecine, CRBC, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Aron Moazamian
- GReD Institute, CNRS UMR6293-Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculté de Médecine, CRBC, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CellOxess LLC, Ewing, NJ 08540, USA
| | - R John Aitken
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle 2308, Australia
| | | | - Joël R Drevet
- GReD Institute, CNRS UMR6293-Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculté de Médecine, CRBC, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fabrice Saez
- GReD Institute, CNRS UMR6293-Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculté de Médecine, CRBC, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Liu Y, Guo Z, Zhu R, Gou D, Jia PP, Pei DS. An insight into sex-specific neurotoxicity and molecular mechanisms of DEHP: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120673. [PMID: 36400143 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Di-2-Ethylhexyl Phthalate (DEHP) is often used as an additive in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to give plastics flexibility, which makes DEHP widely used in food packaging, daily necessities, medical equipment, and other products. However, due to the unstable combination of DEHP and polymer, it will migrate to the environment in the materials and eventually contact the human body. It has been recorded that low-dose DEHP will increase neurotoxicity in the nervous system, and the human health effects of DEHP have been paid attention to because of the extensive exposure to DEHP and its high absorption during brain development. In this study, we review the evidence that DEHP exposure is associated with neurodevelopmental abnormalities and neurological diseases based on human epidemiological and animal behavioral studies. Besides, we also summarized the oxidative damage, apoptosis, and signal transduction disorder related to neurobehavioral abnormalities and nerve injury, and described the potential mechanisms of neurotoxicity caused by DEHP. Overall, we found exposure to DEHP during the critical developmental period will increase the risk of neurobehavioral abnormalities, depression, and autism spectrum disorders. This effect is sex-specific and will continue to adulthood and even have an intergenerational effect. However, the research results on the sex-dependence of DEHP neurotoxicity are inconsistent, and there is a lack of systematic mechanisms research as theoretical support. Future investigations need to be carried out in a large-scale population and model organisms to produce more consistent and convincing results. And we emphasize the importance of mechanism research, which can enhance the understanding of the environmental and human health risks of DEHP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Liu
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiling Guo
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ruihong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongzhi Gou
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan-Pan Jia
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Possible Implication of Nrf2, PPAR-γ and MAPKs Signaling in the Protective Role of Mangiferin against Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010006. [PMID: 36678503 PMCID: PMC9863472 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangiferin (Mang) is a known glucosylxanthone that has proven its shielding effect against ischemia/reperfusion (Is/R). However, its full underlying mechanistic perspective against renal Is/R induced lesions is not fully revealed. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to track further non-investigated modulatory signals of Mang against the renal Is/R model involving nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf)2/heme oxygenase (HO)-1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ/nuclear factor (NF)-κB, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling. To ratify our aim, Mang was administrated (20 mg/kg, i.p for seven days) before the induction of bilateral Is/R. Mechanistic maneuver revealed that Mang balanced oxidative state via increasing the expression of the antioxidant Nrf2/HO-1 cue with subsequent enhancement of GSH besides MDA lessening. Additionally, Mang enhanced PPAR-γ mRNA expression and declined p-p38 MAPK and p-JNK expression with concomitant NF-κB downsizing leading to iNOS/NOx and TNF-α rebating. Furthermore, the Mang anti-apoptotic trait was affirmed by enriching Bcl-2 expression as well as decreasing Bax and caspase-3 expression. All these potentials were in the line with the molecular docking results and the improved histopathological findings and renal function biomarkers. Consequently, Mang provided plausible protective mechanisms against renal Is/R-related events, possibly by amending oxidative status, inflammatory mediators, and apoptotic cell death through the involvement of Nrf2, PPAR-γ, MAPK, JNK, and NF-κB signaling.
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Neuroprotective Effects of Some Nutraceuticals against Manganese-Induced Parkinson's Disease in Rats: Possible Modulatory Effects on TLR4/NLRP3/NF-κB, GSK-3β, Nrf2/HO-1, and Apoptotic Pathways. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121554. [PMID: 36559006 PMCID: PMC9785377 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting the substantia nigra where functions controlling body movement take place. Manganese (Mn) overexposure is linked to a neurologic syndrome resembling PD. Sesamol, thymol, wheat grass (WG), and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) are potent antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic nutraceuticals. We investigated the potential protective effects of these nutraceuticals alone or in combinations against MnCl2-induced PD in rats. Seven groups of adult male Sprague Dawley rats were categorized as follows: group (I) was the control, while groups 2-7 received MnCl2 either alone (Group II) or in conjunction with oral doses of sesamol (Group III), thymol (Group IV), CoQ10 (Group V), WG (Group VI), or their combination (Group VII). All rats were subjected to four behavioral tests (open-field, swimming, Y-maze, and catalepsy tests). Biochemical changes in brain levels of monoamines, ACHE, BDNF, GSK-3β, GABA/glutamate, as well as oxidative stress, and apoptotic and neuroinflammatory biomarkers were evaluated, together with histopathological examinations of different brain regions. Mn increased catalepsy scores, while decreasing neuromuscular co-ordination, and locomotor and exploratory activity. It also impaired vigilance, spatial memory, and decision making. Most behavioral impairments induced by Mn were improved by sesamol, thymol, WG, or CoQ10, with prominent effect by sesamol and thymol. Notably, the combination group showed more pronounced improvements, which were confirmed by biochemical, molecular, as well as histopathological findings. Sesamol or thymol showed better protection against neuronal degeneration and some behavioral impairments induced by Mn than WG or CoQ10, partly via interplay between Nrf2/HO-1, TLR4/NLRP3/NF-κB, GSK-3β and Bax/Bcl2 pathways.
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Selenium nanoparticles impart robust neuroprotection against deltamethrin-induced neurotoxicity in male rats by reversing behavioral alterations, oxidative damage, apoptosis, and neuronal loss. Neurotoxicology 2022; 91:329-339. [PMID: 35753508 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the neuroprotective role of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on deltamethrin-induced neurotoxicity in rats. A total of 32 adult male Wister rats were allocated into the following four groups: 1) control, 2) deltamethrin (0.6 mg/kg), 3) SeNPs (0.5 mg/kg), and 4) deltamethrin + SeNPs. All agents were administered orally three times per week for 2 months. Locomotor behavior, anxiety-like behavior, biochemical parameters, including brain oxidative damage biomarkers (Malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH)), brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and brain genotoxicity were evaluated. The gene expression levels of IGF-1 and Bcl2 were also determined. Moreover, a brain histopathological examination associated with the immunohistochemical determination of Bax in brain tissue was performed. Deltamethrin-intoxicated rats showed a reduction in the locomotor activity associated with a highly anxious state. They also displayed a disturbance in the brain redox state with a decrease in the brain AChE levels and a high DNA fragmentation percentage. Furthermore, they showed a decrement in the immunohistochemical GFAP levels as well as IGF-1 and Bcl2 gene expression levels with an increase in the immunohistochemical Bax levels. All these changes were confirmed by brain histopathology. Interestingly, SeNPs ameliorated all these changes and restored the normal brain architecture. In conclusion. SeNPs possess a potent medicinal activity due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, SeNPs can be a potential agent in ameliorating deltamethrin-induced neurotoxicity.
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Xu Q, Hu L, Miao W, Fu Z, Jin Y. Parental exposure to 3-methylcholanthrene before gestation adversely affected the endocrine system and spermatogenesis in male F1 offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 110:161-171. [PMID: 35487396 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The compound 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) is an environmental pollutant belonging to the PAHs, which reportedly have the potential to disrupt the endocrine systems of animals. In the present study, 4-week-old male and female mice were given 3-MC through their diet at a dose of 0.5mg/kg of chow for 6 weeks before pregnancy. The first filial (F1) generation offspring of exposed or unexposed parental mice were sacrificed at the age of 5 or 10 weeks (F1-5W or F1-10W), and the potential effects on the F0 and F1 offspring were evaluated. The results showed that the serum and testicular testosterone (T) levels and the genes involved in T synthesis in F0 males and male F1-5W individuals born from female mice exposed to 3-MC were significantly decreased. In addition, histological analysis suggested that exposure to 3-MC significantly disrupted testicular morphology in F0 mice and in the offspring of female mice exposed to 3-MC. Further investigation revealed that genes involved in spermatogenesis, such as Phosphoglycerate kinase 2 (Pgk2), Glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (Gdnf), Myeloblastosis oncogene (Myb), DEAD box helicase 4 (Ddx4) and KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (Kit), were suppressed in these mice. However, the adverse effects of parental 3-MC exposure on the adolescent mice were mitigated when they grew to adulthood, which was verified by studies on F1-10W mice. Our results suggest that female exposure to 3-MC has the potential to disrupt the endocrine system and spermatogenesis in male offspring; nevertheless, the adverse effects might be mitigated with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihao Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingyu Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenyu Miao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, Zhejiang, China.
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