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Pocino K, Carnazzo V, Stefanile A, Basile V, Guerriero C, Marino M, Rigante D, Basile U. Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha: Ally and Enemy in Protean Cutaneous Sceneries. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7762. [PMID: 39063004 PMCID: PMC11276697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin is the forestage for a series of many-sided functions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a proinflammatory cytokine with staggering versatility and sizable implications for tissue homeostasis, immune responses, angiogenesis, apoptosis, local and systemic inflammation. An aberrant TNF-α-mediated crosstalk has been linked to the pathogenesis of acute and chronic skin inflammatory diseases, and indeed, TNF-α dysregulation can contribute to the development and progression of psoriasis, vitiligo, local damage following exposition to ultraviolet light radiations, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and acne vulgaris. Therapies that target TNF-α are conspicuously used in the treatment of different skin disorders, aiming to modulate the in vivo immune functions triggered by many cutaneous cells, including keratinocytes, mast cells, or Langerhans cells, and reduce inflammation taking place within the skin. Herein, we focus on the key relationships between TNF-α and distinct skin non-neoplastic inflammatory or physiologic conditions, showing that a natural induction of TNF-α may have a protective significance but that TNF-α overproduction may be harmful or even lethal. Many questions remain unraveled in the therapeutic practice, and caution should be exercised due to eventual backlashes exerted by TNF-α in maintaining skin health or in provoking skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krizia Pocino
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Patologia Clinica, Ospedale San Pietro Fatebenefratelli, 00189 Rome, Italy; (K.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Valeria Carnazzo
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, 04100 Latina, Italy; (V.C.); (U.B.)
| | - Annunziata Stefanile
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Patologia Clinica, Ospedale San Pietro Fatebenefratelli, 00189 Rome, Italy; (K.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Valerio Basile
- Clinical Pathology Unit and Cancer Biobank, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cristina Guerriero
- Department of Dermatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mariapaola Marino
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Donato Rigante
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Basile
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, 04100 Latina, Italy; (V.C.); (U.B.)
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Fijałkowska A, Kądziela M, Żebrowska A. The Spectrum of Cutaneous Manifestations in Lupus Erythematosus: A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2419. [PMID: 38673692 PMCID: PMC11050979 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lupus erythematosus (LE) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease with complex etiology. LE may present as a systemic disorder affecting multiple organs or be limited solely to the skin. Cutaneous LE (CLE) manifests with a wide range of skin lesions divided into acute, subacute and chronic subtypes. Despite classic forms of CLE, such as malar rash or discoid LE, little-known variants may occur, for instance hypertrophic LE, chilblain LE and lupus panniculitis. There are also numerous non-specific manifestations including vascular abnormalities, alopecia, pigmentation and nail abnormalities or rheumatoid nodules. Particular cutaneous manifestations correlate with disease activity and thus have great diagnostic value. However, diversity of the clinical picture and resemblance to certain entities delay making an accurate diagnosis The aim of this review is to discuss the variety of cutaneous manifestations and indicate the clinical features of particular CLE types which facilitate differential diagnosis with other dermatoses. Although in diagnostically difficult cases histopathological examination plays a key role in the differential diagnosis of LE, quick and accurate diagnosis ensures adequate therapy implementation and high quality of life for patients. Cooperation between physicians of various specialties is therefore crucial in the management of patients with uncommon and photosensitive skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agnieszka Żebrowska
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Lodz, Haller sq. 1, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.F.); (M.K.)
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Daruish M, Ambrogio F, Foti C, Filosa A, Cazzato G. Tumid Lupus Erythematosus (TLE): A Review of a Rare Variant of Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (cCLE) with Emphasis on Differential Diagnosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:780. [PMID: 38611691 PMCID: PMC11011942 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumid lupus erythematosus (TLE) has been the subject of heated debate regarding its correct nosographic classification. The definition of TLE has changed over time, varying according to the different studies performed. In this review, we address the initial definition of TLE, the changes that have taken place in the understanding of TLE, and its placement within the classification of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), with a focus on clinical, histopathological, immunophenotypical, and differential diagnosis aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged Daruish
- Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Dorchester DT1 2JY, UK;
| | - Francesca Ambrogio
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Caterina Foti
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Alessandra Filosa
- Pathology Department, “A. Murri” Hospital-ASUR Marche, Aree Vaste n. 4 and 5, 63900 Fermo, Italy;
| | - Gerardo Cazzato
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Żychowska M, Kołcz K. Dermoscopy for the Differentiation of Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus from Other Erythematous Desquamative Dermatoses-Psoriasis, Nummular Eczema, Mycosis Fungoides and Pityriasis Rosea. J Clin Med 2024; 13:577. [PMID: 38276083 PMCID: PMC10816082 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) is a condition that might pose a diagnostic challenge. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of videodermoscopy in the differentiation of SCLE from other erythematous-desquamative dermatoses. Consecutive patients with SCLE (n = 27), psoriasis (n = 36), nummular eczema (n = 30), mycosis fungoides (n = 26), and pityriasis rosea (n = 20) referred to our Department of Dermatology were recruited for this study. A representative lesion was visualized using a Canfield D200EVO Videodermatoscope (Canfield Scientific GmbH, Bielefeld, Germany) and evaluated for the following parameters: vessels (morphology and distribution), scales (color and distribution), follicular findings, colors and morphologies, and presence of specific clues. SCLE was predominantly characterized by a polymorphous vascular pattern (92.6%) of unspecific distribution (92.6%) over a pink-red background (74.1%). Gray-brown dots were present in 10 (37.0%) cases, and pigmentation was noted in 15 (55.6%) patients, including peripheral pigmentation in 7 (25.9%) patients. Videodermoscopic evaluation showed significant differences between SCLE and psoriasis, which was characterized by regularly distributed dotted vessels. Although some common dermoscopic features with MF were noted, the presence of yellow structureless areas and red dots/globules favored the diagnosis of MF. In conclusion, a polymorphic vascular pattern, especially in association with gray-brown dots and/or peripheral pigmentation, is a valuable clue for the differentiation of SCLE from other erythematous-desquamative dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Żychowska
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Kinga Kołcz
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- The Doctoral School, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
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Englert KA, Dyduch G, Kłosowicz A, Spałkowska M, Jaworek AK, Migacz-Gruszka K, Jarosz-Chudek A, Mercuri SR, Szpor J, Mazzoccoli G, Damiani G, Wojas-Pelc A. Cutaneous Toll-like Receptor 9 Pre-Defines Hydroxychloroquine Dosage in Patients with Both Discoid and Subacute Lupus Erythematosus. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2022. [PMID: 38004071 PMCID: PMC10673105 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59112022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) presents clinically heterogeneous manifestations, partially explained by the different expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) type 8 and 9, located to endosomal compartments where they are poised to recognize microbial nucleic acids. This disease is empirically treated with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which is hallmarked with a safe and effective profile, but induces a slow and sometimes clinically insufficient therapeutic response. Currently, no biomarkers predictive of response are validated or even proposed in the scientific literature. We aimed to evaluate endosomal TLR type 7, 8 and 9 as predictive biomarkers of HCQ efficacy. Materials and Methods: We conducted a case-control study comparing CLE patients retrospectively assigned to three subgroups based on 3-6-month Cutaneous LE Disease Area and Severity Index (CLASI) reduction upon treatment with HCQ (I = <40% vs. II = 40-80% vs. III = >80%). Before HCQ, lesional skin specimens were collected in untreated CLE and through immunohistochemistry; TLR-7, -8 and -9 expression was evaluated in the epidermis and the lymphocytic infiltrate was evaluated in the dermis. Results: Sixty-six lesional skin biopsies were compared with healthy controls. CLE patients displayed lower epidermal expression of total TLR 8 and 9 as well as infiltrating TLR-8, TLR9 + lymphocytes compared to controls. High HCQ responders differed from low responders for TLR-9 positivity (high vs. low) and for the lymphocytic dermal infiltrate (high vs. low). Conclusions: TLR9 could be envisaged as a possible biomarker to predict HCQ response level and dosage in CLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina A. Englert
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital in Krakow, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (K.A.E.); (A.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.J.); (K.M.-G.); (A.J.-C.); (A.W.-P.)
| | - Grzegorz Dyduch
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Krakow, 33-332 Kraków, Poland; (G.D.); (J.S.)
| | - Agata Kłosowicz
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital in Krakow, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (K.A.E.); (A.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.J.); (K.M.-G.); (A.J.-C.); (A.W.-P.)
| | - Magdalena Spałkowska
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital in Krakow, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (K.A.E.); (A.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.J.); (K.M.-G.); (A.J.-C.); (A.W.-P.)
| | - Andrzej Kazimierz Jaworek
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital in Krakow, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (K.A.E.); (A.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.J.); (K.M.-G.); (A.J.-C.); (A.W.-P.)
| | - Kamila Migacz-Gruszka
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital in Krakow, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (K.A.E.); (A.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.J.); (K.M.-G.); (A.J.-C.); (A.W.-P.)
| | - Aleksandra Jarosz-Chudek
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital in Krakow, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (K.A.E.); (A.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.J.); (K.M.-G.); (A.J.-C.); (A.W.-P.)
| | - Santo Raffaele Mercuri
- Unit of Dermatology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Italian Center of Precision Medicine and Chronic Inflammation, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Joanna Szpor
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Krakow, 33-332 Kraków, Poland; (G.D.); (J.S.)
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Damiani
- Unit of Dermatology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Italian Center of Precision Medicine and Chronic Inflammation, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Wojas-Pelc
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital in Krakow, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (K.A.E.); (A.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.J.); (K.M.-G.); (A.J.-C.); (A.W.-P.)
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