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Li X, Xu C, Chen H, Yi F, Liao J, Han J, Li C, Han W, Han RPS, Chen H. A capillary-based microfluidic chip with the merits of low cost and easy fabrication for the rapid detection of acute myocardial infarction. Talanta 2023; 265:124924. [PMID: 37437393 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing methods currently utilize rapid, portable, inexpensive, and multiplexed on-site detection. Microfluidic chips have become a very promising platform with broad development prospects due to their breakthrough improvement in miniaturization and integration. However, the conventional microfluidic chips still have disadvantages, such as difficulty in fabrication processing, long production time and high cost, which hinder its applications in the fields of POCT and in vitro diagnostics. In this study, a capillary-based microfluidic chip with the characteristics of low cost and easy fabrication was developed for the rapid detection of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Several short capillaries, which were already conjugated with the capture antibodies respectively, were connected by peristaltic pump tubes and then formed the working capillary. Two working capillaries were encapsulated in the plastic shell and ready for the immunoassay. Multiplex detection of Myoglobin (Myo), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) were chosen to demonstrate the feasibility and analytical performance of the microfluidic chip, which requires rapid and accurate detection during diagnosis and therapy for AMI. The capillary-based microfluidic chip required tens of minutes to prepared, and its cost was less than $1. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.5 ng/mL for Myo, 0.1 ng/mL for cTnI and 0.5 ng/mL for CK-MB respectively. The capillary-based microfluidic chips with easy fabrication and low cost hold promise for the portable and low-cost detection of target biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Li
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Chenglong Xu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Fei Yi
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Jiaqi Liao
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Jianmei Han
- Shenzhen Shaanxi Coal Hi-tech Research Institute Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Chonghao Li
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Weihua Han
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chengdu Technological University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611730, China
| | - Ray P S Han
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China; Jiujiang Research Institute of Xiamen University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China.
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2
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Cao YC. A Capillary Based Chemiluminscent Multi-Target Immunoassay. J Fluoresc 2015; 25:563-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-015-1535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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3
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Yu Q, Wang Q, Li B, Lin Q, Duan Y. Technological Development of Antibody Immobilization for Optical Immunoassays: Progress and Prospects. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2014.881249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Funano SI, Henares TG, Kurata M, Sueyoshi K, Endo T, Hisamoto H. Capillary-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for highly sensitive detection of thrombin-cleaved osteopontin in plasma. Anal Biochem 2013; 440:137-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Abstract
We report a cell-phone based Escherichia coli (E. coli) detection platform for screening of liquid samples. In this compact and cost-effective design attached to a cell-phone, we utilize anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibody functionalized glass capillaries as solid substrates to perform a quantum dot based sandwich assay for specific detection of E. coli O157:H7 in liquid samples. Using battery-powered inexpensive light-emitting-diodes (LEDs) we excite/pump these labelled E. coli particles captured on the capillary surface, where the emission from the quantum dots is then imaged using the cell-phone camera unit through an additional lens that is inserted between the capillary and the cell-phone. By quantifying the fluorescent light emission from each capillary tube, the concentration of E. coli in the sample is determined. We experimentally confirmed the detection limit of this cell-phone based fluorescent imaging and sensing platform as ∼5 to 10 cfu mL(-1) in buffer solution. We also tested the specificity of this E. coli detection platform by spiking samples with different species (e.g., Salmonella) to confirm that non-specific binding/detection is negligible. We further demonstrated the proof-of-concept of our approach in a complex food matrix, e.g., fat-free milk, where a similar detection limit of ∼5 to 10 cfu mL(-1) was achieved despite challenges associated with the density of proteins that exist in milk. Our results reveal the promising potential of this cell-phone enabled field-portable and cost-effective E. coli detection platform for e.g., screening of water and food samples even in resource limited environments. The presented platform can also be applicable to other pathogens of interest through the use of different antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhu
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Uzair Sikora
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Carrillo-Carrión C, Simonet BM, Valcárcel M. Colistin-functionalised CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as fluorescent probe for the rapid detection of Escherichia coli. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:4368-74. [PMID: 21605965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Intensely fluorescent, colistin-functionalised CdSe/ZnS QDs (Colis-QDs) nanoparticles, are synthesized and used as sensitive probes for the detection of Escherichia coli, a Gram-negative bacteria. Colistin molecules are attached to the terminal carboxyl of the mercaptoacetic acid-capped QDs in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) as amide bond promoters. The TEM analysis of bacteria treated with Colis-QDs conjugates showed the accumulation of Colis-QDs in the cell wall of E. coli. Under the recommended working conditions, the method provides a detection limit as few as 28 E. coli cells per mL, which is competitive which more elaborate detection systems. The simplicity of the method together with short analysis time (< 15 min, without including preparation and photoactivation of the Colis-QDs conjugate) make the proposed approach useful as quick bacteria screening system.
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Sidari R, Caridi A. Methods for Detecting EnterohaemorrhagicEscherichia Coliin Food. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2010.535232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bhattacharya D, Chakraborty SP, Pramanik A, Baksi A, Roy S, Maiti TK, Ghosh SK, Pramanik P. Detection of total count of Staphylococcus aureus using anti-toxin antibody labelled gold magnetite nanocomposites: a novel tool for capture, detection and bacterial separation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm12076j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Optimization of two immunofluorescent antibodies for the detection of Escherichia coli using immunofluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. Curr Microbiol 2010; 62:402-8. [PMID: 20676677 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-010-9721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Two commercially available fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) -conjugated anti-Escherichia coli antibodies, tested for immunofluorescence were assessed for their suitability in screening E. coli using flow cytometry. Staining efficacy was initially tested using immunofluorescent microscopy; and further optimization was carried out using flow cytometry. Initially, an acetone fixation step was utilized; however, it was determined statistically that the step could be omitted without impacting the assay and thus reduce the time involved. There was no statistical difference between the staining proficiency of the two antibodies employed. The percentage staining was quite low, approximately 10% for the two antibodies, which indicated that both were equally sensitive but ultimately, more specific antibodies are required for the detection of E. coli. Known proportions of target-E. coli (10⁵, 10⁶, and 10⁷ cells/ml) were mixed with large quantities of non-target bacteria; there was a significant correlation among all the antibodies at the different bacterial cell concentrations. Therefore, despite the low staining percentage achieved on the bacterial cultures, there is a representative and comparative level of staining occurring, between samples and between bacterial strains.
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Gao Z, Liu N, Cao Q, Zhang L, Wang S, Yao W, Chao F. Immunochip for the detection of five kinds of chemicals: Atrazine, nonylphenol, 17-beta estradiol, paraverine and chloramphenicol. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:1445-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2008] [Revised: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sensing bacteria but treating them well: Determination of optimal incubation and storage conditions. Anal Biochem 2008; 383:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Spies P, Chen GJ, Gygax D. Establishment of a miniaturized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human transferrin quantification using an intelligent multifunctional analytical plate. Anal Biochem 2008; 382:35-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Revised: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Mastichiadis C, Niotis A, Petrou P, Kakabakos S, Misiakos K. Capillary-based immunoassays, immunosensors and DNA sensors – steps towards integration and multi-analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2008.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Jin DZ, Xu XJ, Chen SH, Wen SY, Ma XE, Zhang Z, Lin F, Wang SQ. Detection and identification of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Vibrio cholerae O139 using oligonucleotide microarray. Infect Agent Cancer 2007; 2:23. [PMID: 18154687 PMCID: PMC2267443 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-2-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2007] [Accepted: 12/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid and accurate detection and identification of the new subtype of the pathogens is crucial for diagnosis, treatment and control of the contagious disease outbreak. Here, in this study, an approach to detect and identify Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Vibrio cholerae O139 was established using oligonucleotide microarray. We coupled multiplex PCR with oligonucleotide microarray to construct an assay suitable for simultaneous identification of two subtypes of the pathogens. Results The stx1, stx2 gene and uidA gene having the specific mutant spot were chosen as the targets for Escherichia coli O157:H7, and meanwhile the ctxA, tcpA, and LPSgt gene for Vibrio cholerae O139. The oligonucleotide microarray was composed of eight probes including negative control and positive control from 16S rDNA gene. The six primers were designed to amplify target fragments in two triplex PCR, and then hybridized with oligonucleotide microarray. An internal control would be to run a PCR reaction in parallel. Multiplex PCR did not produce any non-specific amplicons when 149 related species or genera of standard bacteria were tested (100% specificity). In addition, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Escherichia coli O157:non-H7, Vibrio cholerae O139 and Vibrio cholerae O1 had been discriminated respectively. Using recombinant plasmid and target pathogens, we were able to detect positive hybridization signals with 102 copies/μL and 103 cfu/mL per reaction. Conclusion The DNA microarray assay reported here could detect and identify Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Vibrio cholerae O139, and furthermore the subtype was distinguished. This assay was a specific and sensitive tool for simultaneous detection and identification of the new subtype of two pathogens causing diarrhea in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Zhi Jin
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Xu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Su-Hong Chen
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Si-Yuan Wen
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xue-En Ma
- College of Animal Science and Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Wenzhou Medicine College affiliated Wenling First Hospital, Wenling, Zhejiang province, Wenling, 317500, China
| | - Sheng-Qi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
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15
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Liu ZD, Chen SF, Huang CZ, Zhen SJ, Liao QG. Light scattering sensing detection of pathogens based on the molecular recognition of immunoglobulin with cell wall-associated protein A. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 599:279-86. [PMID: 17870291 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Revised: 07/25/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, we report a rapid optical detection method of pathogens using Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) as the model analyte based on the molecular recognition of immunoglobulin with cell wall-associated Protein A (SpA). It was found that the molecular recognition of human immunoglobulin (IgG) with protein A on the cell wall of S. aureus on glass slide sensing area could result in strong surface enhanced light scattering (SELS) signals, and the SELS intensity (deltaI) increases proportionally with the concentration of S. aureus over the range of 2.5x10(5)-1.0x10(8) CFU mL(-1) with right angle light scattering (RALS) signals detection mode. In order to identify the solid support based molecular recognition between IgG with SpA, we also employed water-soluble CdS quantum dots (CdS-QDs) as a fluorescent marker for IgG by immobilizing the IgG onto the surfaces of CdS-QDs through covalent binding in order to generate recognition probes for SpA on the cell wall of S. aureus. Consequently, the fluorescent method also showed that the detection for pathogens with solid supports is reliable based on the molecular recognition of IgG with SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong De Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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16
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Yacoub-George E, Hell W, Meixner L, Wenninger F, Bock K, Lindner P, Wolf H, Kloth T, Feller KA. Automated 10-channel capillary chip immunodetector for biological agents detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 22:1368-75. [PMID: 16839755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2006] [Revised: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 06/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The automated 10-channel capillary chip immunodetector (10K-IDWG) is a prototype, which has been developed for automatically operated biological agents (BA) point detection. The current technology uses a chemiluminescence capillary immunoassay (EIA) technique in combination with integrated microfluidics and allows the highly sensitive and rapid detection and preliminary identification of multiple BA in aqueous solutions in the laboratory. The chemiluminescence capillary EIA are performed within a disposable capillary chip containing 10 fused-silica capillaries arranged in parallel coated with selected capture antibodies. A multianode-photomultiplier array is used to detect chemiluminescence intensity in each capillary. Reservoirs for reagents and buffers and a waste disposal reservoir are integrated. This paper describes the technology of the 10K-IDWG and its evaluation with three different BA, the toxin staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), the bacterial analyte Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 as a model for bacterial pathogens, and the bacteriophage M13 as a model for virus pathogens. The 10K-IDWG is able to detect the above mentioned three BA in an aqueous sample within 29 min (single analyte-detection and multiplexing). Limits of detection (LOD) are 0.1 ng/ml for SEB, 10(4)cfu/ml for E. coli O157:H7, and 5x10(5) pfu/ml for M13. Cross reactivities between the three assays were not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Yacoub-George
- Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Microintegration (IZM), Hansastr. 27d, D-80686 Munich, Germany.
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Fluorescent Nanoparticle for Bacteria and DNA Detection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 620:129-35. [PMID: 18217340 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-76713-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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18
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Cooper MA, Singleton VT. A survey of the 2001 to 2005 quartz crystal microbalance biosensor literature: applications of acoustic physics to the analysis of biomolecular interactions. J Mol Recognit 2007; 20:154-84. [PMID: 17582799 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The widespread exploitation of biosensors in the analysis of molecular recognition has its origins in the mid-1990s following the release of commercial systems based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR). More recently, platforms based on piezoelectric acoustic sensors (principally 'bulk acoustic wave' (BAW), 'thickness shear mode' (TSM) sensors or 'quartz crystal microbalances' (QCM)), have been released that are driving the publication of a large number of papers analysing binding specificities, affinities, kinetics and conformational changes associated with a molecular recognition event. This article highlights salient theoretical and practical aspects of the technologies that underpin acoustic analysis, then reviews exemplary papers in key application areas involving small molecular weight ligands, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, viruses, bacteria, cells and lipidic and polymeric interfaces. Key differentiators between optical and acoustic sensing modalities are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Cooper
- Akubio Ltd., 181 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom, UK.
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Huang L, Cooper MA. Real-Time Label-Free Acoustic Technology for Rapid Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Clin Chem 2006; 52:2148-51. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2006.072652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zacco E, Pividori MI, Alegret S. Electrochemical biosensing based on universal affinity biocomposite platforms. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 21:1291-301. [PMID: 16098736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2005.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2005] [Revised: 05/25/2005] [Accepted: 05/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Rigid conducting biocomposites are versatile and effective transducing materials for the construction of a wide range of amperometric biosensors such as immunosensors, genosensors and enzymosensors, particularly if the transducer is bulk-modified with universal affinity biomolecules. The strept(avidin)-graphite-epoxy biocomposite could be considered as an universal immobilization platform whereon biotinylated DNAs, oligonucleotides, enzymes or antibodies can be captured by means of the highly affinity (strept)avidin-biotin reaction. Universal affinity biocomposite-based biosensors offer many potential advantages compared to more traditional electrochemical biosensors commonly based on a biologically surface-modified transducer. The integration of many materials into one matrix is their main advantage. As biological bulk-modified materials, the conducting biocomposites act not only as transducers, but also as reservoir for the biomaterial. After its use, the electrode surface can be renewed by a simple polishing procedure, establishing a clear advantage of these approaches relative to classical biosensors and other common biological assays. Moreover, the same material is useful for the analysis of many molecules whose determinations are based on genetic, enzymatic or immunological reactions. The different strategies for electrochemical genosensing, immunosensing and enzymosensing, all of them being dependent on the presence of a redox enzyme marker for the generation of the electrochemical signal, based on this universal affinity biocomposite platform are all presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zacco
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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Zhao X, Hilliard LR, Mechery SJ, Wang Y, Bagwe RP, Jin S, Tan W. A rapid bioassay for single bacterial cell quantitation using bioconjugated nanoparticles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:15027-32. [PMID: 15477593 PMCID: PMC524056 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0404806101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid and sensitive determination of pathogenic bacteria is extremely important in biotechnology, medical diagnosis, and the current fight against bioterrorism. Current methods either lack ultrasensitivity or take a long time for analysis. Here, we report a bioconjugated nanoparticle-based bioassay for in situ pathogen quantification down to single bacterium within 20 min. The bioconjugated nanoparticle provides an extremely high fluorescent signal for bioanalysis and can be easily incorporated with biorecognition molecules, such as antibody. The antibody-conjugated nanoparticles can readily and specifically identify a variety of bacterium, such as Escherichia coli O157:H7, through antibody-antigen interaction and recognition. The single-bacterium-detection capability within 20 min has been confirmed by the plate-counting method and realized by using two independent optical techniques. The two detection methods correlated extremely well. Furthermore, we were able to detect multiple bacterial samples with high throughput by using a 384-well microplate format. To show the usefulness of this assay, we have accurately detected 1-400 E. coli O157 bacterial cells in spiked ground beef samples. Our results demonstrate the potential for a broad application of bioconjugated nanoparticles in practical biotechnological and medical applications in various biodetection systems. The ultimate power of integrating bionanotechnology into complex biological systems will emerge as a revolutionary tool for ultrasensitive detection of disease markers and infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhao
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry, and The Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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