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Pirogov AV, Markova ES, Anan’ev VY. Passive Adsorbers Based on Carbon Materials and Their Comparison for Estimating the Oil and Gas Potentials of Rocks. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821090082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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2
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Nozoe T, Goda S, Selyanchyn R, Wang T, Nakazawa K, Hirano T, Matsui H, Lee SW. In vitro detection of small molecule metabolites excreted from cancer cells using a Tenax TA thin-film microextraction device. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 991:99-107. [PMID: 25932789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We developed a new device for the in vitro extraction of small molecule metabolites excreted from cancer cells. The extraction device, which was biocompatible and incubated with cancer cells, consists of a thin Tenax TA film deposited on the surface of a cylindrical aluminum rod. The Tenax TA solid phase was utilized for the direct extraction and preconcentration of the small molecule metabolites from a cell culture sample. The device fabrication and the metabolite extraction were optimized, tested, and validated using HeLa cell cultures. Comparison of metabolic profiles with the control measurement from the culture medium enabled detection of metabolites that were consumed or produced by the cell culture. Tentative identification and semi-quantitative investigation of the excreted metabolites were performed by GC-MS analysis. The proposed approach can be a valuable tool for the characterization of low-volatile cancer cell metabolites that are not covered by use of conventional methods based on headspace solid phase microextraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Nozoe
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
| | - Shigemi Goda
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
| | - Roman Selyanchyn
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan; WPI International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I(2) CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tao Wang
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
| | - Kohji Nakazawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hirano
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
| | | | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan.
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Kim KH, Lee MH, Szulejko JE. Simulation of the breakthrough behavior of volatile organic compounds against sorbent tube sampler as a function of concentration level and sampling volume. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 835:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Brown VM, Crump DR, Plant NT, Pengelly I. Evaluation of the stability of a mixture of volatile organic compounds on sorbents for the determination of emissions from indoor materials and products using thermal desorption/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1350:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Saelim J, Kanatharana P, Thavarungkul P, Thammakhet C. Novel fabricated silver particles/polypyrrole printed circuit board passive samplers for volatile organic compounds monitoring. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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6
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Odour-causing organic compounds in wastewater treatment plants: Evaluation of headspace solid-phase microextraction as a concentration technique. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4863-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Alfeeli B, Jain V, Johnson RK, Beyer FL, Heflin JR, Agah M. Characterization of poly(2,6-diphenyl-p-phenylene oxide) films as adsorbent for microfabricated preconcentrators. Microchem J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Su YC, Kao HM, Wang JL. Mesoporous silicate MCM-48 as an enrichment medium for ambient volatile organic compound analysis. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:5643-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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ZHANG NH, SONG GL, SHEN XH, YING Y, ZHAO YX, TANG J. Determination of 54 Volatile Hydrocarbons by Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography in Workplace Air. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1096.2010.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Ras MR, Marcé RM, Borrull F. Volatile organic compounds in air at urban and industrial areas in the Tarragona region by thermal desorption and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 161:389-402. [PMID: 19238572 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-0755-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Annual trends of a group of 66 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), containing 20 ozone precursors, were the aim of a sampling campaign carried out for a year in air at urban and industrial areas from Tarragona region. VOCs were determined by active collection on multisorbent tubes, followed by thermal desorption and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The analytical method was developed and validated, showing good levels of detection and quantification, recoveries, precision, and linearity for all the compounds in the range being studied. All the industrial and urban samples taken during the sampling campaign were similar in their qualitative composition. The most abundant compound in all urban and industrial sites was i-pentane, with concentrations between 15.2 and 202.1 microg m(-3) in urban sites and between 1.3 and 98.6 microg m(-3) in industrial sites. In urban sites, the following compounds in order of abundance were toluene, n-pentane, m,p-xylene, and o-xylene, with maximum levels of 150.6, 45.8, 42.3, and 31.7 microg m(-3), respectively. In industrial sites, the most abundant compounds depended on the sampled site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Ras
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, Marcel.lí Domingo, s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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11
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Dobrzyńska E, Pośniak M, Szewczyńska M, Buszewski B. Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds—Old, However, Actual Analytical and Toxicological Problem. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340903547054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Solbu K, Hersson M, Thorud S, Lundanes E, Nilsen T, Synnes O, Ellingsen D, Molander P. Compact semi-automatic incident sampler for personal monitoring of volatile organic compounds in occupational air. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 12:1195-202. [DOI: 10.1039/b925053k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Solbu
- National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
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Thiriat N, Paulus H, Le Bot B, Glorennec P. Exposure to inhaled THM: comparison of continuous and event-specific exposure assessment for epidemiologic purposes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2009; 35:1086-1089. [PMID: 19576633 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Revised: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Trihalomethanes (THMs) (chloroform, bromoform, dibromochloromethane, and bromodichloromethane) are the most abundant by-products of chlorination. People are exposed to THMs through ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation. The objective of this study was to compare two methods for assessing THM inhalation: a direct method with personal monitors assessing continuous exposure and an indirect one with microenvironmental sampling and collection of time-activity data during the main event exposures: bathing, showering and swimming. This comparison was conducted to help plan a future epidemiologic study of the effects of THMs on the upper airways of children. 30 children aged from 4 to 10 years were included. They wore a 3M 3520 organic vapor monitor for 7 days. We sampled air in their bathrooms (during baths or showers) and in the indoor swimming pools they visited and recorded their time-activity patterns. We used stainless steel tubes full of Tenax to collect air samples. All analyses were performed with Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Chloroform was the THM with the highest concentrations in the air of both bathrooms and indoor swimming pools. Its continuous and event exposure measurements were significantly correlated (r(s)=0.69 p<0.001). Continuous exposures were higher than event exposures, suggesting that the event exposure method does not take into account some influential microenvironments. In an epidemiologic study, this might lead to random exposure misclassification, thus underestimation of the risk, and reduced statistical power. The continuous exposure method was difficult to implement because of its poor acceptability and the fragility of the personal monitors. These two points may also reduce the statistical power of an epidemiologic study. It would be useful to test the advantages and disadvantages of a second sample in the home or of modeling the baseline concentration of THM in the home to improve the event exposure method.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Thiriat
- EHESP, School of Public Health, Rennes, France
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Ras MR, Marcé RM, Borrull F. Characterization of ozone precursor volatile organic compounds in urban atmospheres and around the petrochemical industry in the Tarragona region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:4312-4319. [PMID: 19423150 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the results of an assessment of volatile organic compound (VOCs) levels in ambient air in samples collected at urban and industrial sites in southern Catalonia, which is home to one of the most important petrochemical complexes in southern Europe. This study contains data from a total of 192 samples collected in 2007, from May to October, at six air pollution measurement stations within the area of influence of several chemical and petrochemical industrial plants. The ambient air concentrations of a group of 65 VOCs, some of them ozone precursors, were determined by active sampling into sorbent tubes, thermal desorption and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. At the same time, several meteorological parameters were also recorded, and levels of NO, NO(2) and O(3) measured by the automatic stations, have been included in the study as well. Ambient air profiles of the different areas were studied, and the ozone formation dependent on VOCs and NO(2) levels was also analysed, taking into account the photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP) for different groups of VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Ras
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, Marcellí Domingo s/n, Tarragona, Spain
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15
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Juarez-Galan JM, Valor I. New universal, portable and cryogenic sampler for time weighted average monitoring of H2S, NH3, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes and dimethylethylamine. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3003-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Revised: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Ras MR, Borrull F, Marcé RM. Sampling and preconcentration techniques for determination of volatile organic compounds in air samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2008.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Analysis of industrial contaminants in indoor air: Part 1. Volatile organic compounds, carbonyl compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:540-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Revised: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Solbu K, Thorud S, Hersson M, Ovrebø S, Ellingsen DG, Lundanes E, Molander P. Determination of airborne trialkyl and triaryl organophosphates originating from hydraulic fluids by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1161:275-83. [PMID: 17574560 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Revised: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Methodology for personal occupational exposure assessment of airborne trialkyl and triaryl organophosphates originating from hydraulic fluids by active combined aerosol and vapor sampling at 1.5L/min is presented. Determination of the organophosphates was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Combinations of adsorbents (Anasorb 747, Anasorb CSC, Chromosorb 106, XAD-2 and silica gel) with an upstream cassette with glass fiber or PTFE filters and different desorption/extraction solvents (CS(2), CS(2)-dimethylformamide (50:1, v/v), toluene, dichloromethane, methyl-t-butyl ether and methanol) have been evaluated for optimized combined vapor and aerosol air sampling of the organophosphates tri-isobutyl, tri-n-butyl, triphenyl, tri-o-cresyl, tri-m-cresyl and tri-p-cresyl phosphates. The combination of Chromosorb 106 and 37 mm filter cassette with glass fiber filter and dichloromethane as desorption/extraction solvent was the best combination for mixed phase air sampling of the organophosphates originating from hydraulic fluids. The triaryl phosphates were recovered solely from the filter, while the trialkyl phosphates were recovered from both the filter and the adsorbent. The total sampling efficiency on the combined sampler was in the range 92-101% for the studied organophosphates based on spiking experiments followed by pulling air through the sampler. Recoveries after 28 days storage were 98-102% and 99-101% when stored at 5 and -20 degrees C, respectively. The methodology was further evaluated in an exposure chamber with generated oil aerosol atmospheres with both synthetic and mineral base oils with added organophosphates in various concentrations, yielding total sampling efficiencies in close comparison to the spiking experiments. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by exposure measurements in a mechanical workshop where system suitability tests are performed on different aircraft components in a test bench, displaying tricresyl phosphate air concentrations of 0.024 and 0.28 mg/m(3), as well as during aircraft maintenance displaying tri-n-butyl phosphate air concentrations of 0.061 and 0.072 mg/m(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Solbu
- National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
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Demeestere K, Dewulf J, De Witte B, Van Langenhove H. Sample preparation for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in air and water matrices. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1153:130-44. [PMID: 17258752 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes literature data from the past 5 years on new developments and/or applications of sample preparation methods for analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC), mainly in air and water matrices. Novel trends in the optimization and application of well-established airborne VOC enrichment techniques are discussed, like the implementation of advanced cooling systems in cryogenic trapping and miniaturization in adsorptive enrichment techniques. Next, focus is put on current tendencies in integrated sampling-extraction-sample introduction methods such as solid phase microextraction (SPME) and novel in-needle trapping devices. Particular attention is paid to emerging membrane extraction techniques such as membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) and membrane extraction with a sorbent interface (MESI). For VOC enrichment out of water, recent evolutions in direct aqueous injection (DAI) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) are highlighted, with main focus on miniaturized solvent extraction methods such as single drop microextraction (SDME) and liquid phase microextraction (LPME). Next, solvent-free sorptive enrichment receives major attention, with particular interest for innovative techniques such as stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and solid phase dynamic extraction (SPDE). Finally, recent trends in membrane extraction are reviewed. Applications in both immersion and headspace mode are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Demeestere
- Research Group EnVOC, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Beghi S, Guillot JM. Sample water removal method in volatile organic compound analysis based on diffusion through poly(vinyl fluoride) film. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1127:1-5. [PMID: 16828784 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Revised: 05/23/2006] [Accepted: 05/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The humidity caught during air sampling or sample storage causes various problems during volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis and gives unreliable results. In this study, water vapour diffusion capacities through poly(vinyl fluoride) Tedlar, fluoroethylene propylene Teflon and Flex foil film were compared. A new approach to humidity removal has been tested for moderately polluted atmospheres. This approach consists in using the water vapour diffusion property of Tedlar film to remove humidity from bag samples containing a mixture of ten VOCs at 500 ppbv each in a 70% relative humidity atmosphere. The sampling bags were placed in a chamber flushed by a dry air stream at less than 5% relative humidity. After a few hours in the chamber, the samples in the Tedlar bags were dry (relative humidity <5%) and did not show significant VOC loss. This sample water removal (SWR) method is especially interesting as a pretreatment before air sampling on water sensitive adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Beghi
- Ecole des Mines d'Alès, Industrial Environment Engineering Laboratory, F-30319 Alès Cédex, France
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Jia C, Batterman S, Chernyak S. Development and comparison of methods using MS scan and selective ion monitoring modes for a wide range of airborne VOCs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 8:1029-42. [PMID: 17240909 DOI: 10.1039/b607042f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adsorbent sampling with analysis by thermal desorption, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (TD/GC/MS) offers many advantages for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and thus is increasingly used in many applications. For environmental samples and other complex mixtures, the MS detector typically is operated in the scan mode to aid identification of co-eluting compounds. However, scan mode does not achieve the optimal sensitivity, thus compounds occurring at low concentrations may not be detected. This paper develops and evaluates the application of a more sensitive TD/GC/MS method using selective ion monitoring (SIM) that is applicable to VOC mixtures found in ambient and indoor air. Based on toxicity and prevalence, 94 VOCs (including terpenes, aromatic, halogenated and aliphatic compounds) were selected as target compounds. Two analytical methods were developed: a conventional full scan method for ions from 29 to 270 m/z; and a SIM method using 16 time windows and different ions selected for the compounds in each window. Both methods used the same Tenax GR adsorbent sampling tubes, TD and GC parameters, and target and qualifier ions. Laboratory tests determined calibrations, method detection limits (MDLs), precisions, recoveries and storage stability. Field tests compared scan and SIM mode analyses for duplicate samples of indoor air in 51 houses and outdoor air at 41 sites. Statistical analyses included the development of error/precision models. The laboratory tests showed that most compounds demonstrated excellent precision (<10% for concentrations exceeding approximately 0.5 microg m(-3)), good linearity, near identical calibrations for scan and SIM modes, a wide dynamic range (up to 1500 microg m(-3)), and negligible storage losses after 1 month (7 compounds showed moderate losses). SIM mode MDLs ranged from 0.004 to 0.27 microg m(-3), representing a modest (1.1 to 22-fold) improvement compared to scan mode. However, in field tests the SIM method detected significantly more compounds (e.g., styrene and chloroform). Error models fit most compounds and allow quantification of errors at selected percentiles. Overall, while the new SIM method is somewhat time-consuming to develop, it offers greater sensitivity and maintains the high selectivity of traditional scan methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Jia
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
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