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Zhu W, Yang R, Zhao N, Yin G, Liu J. Determination of phenolic compounds in water using a multivariate statistical analysis method combined with three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy. RSC Adv 2024; 14:2235-2242. [PMID: 38213960 PMCID: PMC10777273 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06917f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are toxic chemical pollutants present in water. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy analysis is an effective and rapid method for real-time phenol monitoring in aquatic environments. However, similar chemical structures of phenols result in highly overlapping three-dimensional fluorescence spectra. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to analyze and quantify the concentration of components in a mixture system that includes two or more phenolic compounds. In this article, we study the mixed phenol system containing phenol, o-cresol, p-cresol, m-cresol, catechol, and resorcinol combined with excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence data. A multivariate statistical method called best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) is proposed to analyze the spectra with the aim to achieve quantitative results and a trilinear decomposition algorithm called parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) was used for comparison. Two experiments with different calibration samples were set to validate the effectiveness of BLUP through recovery, ARecovery (Average Recovery), AREP (Average Relative Error of Prediction), and RMSE (Root Mean Square Error). Overall, the average recovery of each component in experiment 1 and experiment 2 ranged from 95.91% to 111.62% and 82.91% to 129.02%, respectively. Based on the results of the experiments, the concentration of phenolic compounds in water can be quantitatively determined by combining three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy with the BLUP method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China
| | - Ruifang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China
| | - Nanjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China
| | - Gaofang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China
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2
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Wang ZH, Xu DD, Bai XH, Hu S, Xing RR, Chen X. A study on the enrichment mechanism of three nitrophenol isomers in environmental water samples by charge transfer supramolecular-mediated hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:18973-18984. [PMID: 36223017 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To explore the mechanism of extraction and enrichment of three nitrophenol isomers by charge-transfer supramolecular synergistic three-phase microextraction system, a charge transfer supramolecular-mediated hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (CTSM-HF-LPME) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV) method was established for the determination of real environmental water samples. In this study, the three nitrophenols (NPs) formed charge-transfer supramolecules with electron-rich hollow fibers, which promoted the transport of NPs in the three-phase extraction system and greatly increased the EFs of NPs. The relationships between the EFs of NPs and their solubility, pKa, apparent partition coefficient, equilibrium constant, and structural property parameters were investigated and discussed. At the same time, most of factors affecting the EFs of NPs were investigated and optimized, such as the type of extraction solvent, pH value of sample phase and acceptor phase, extraction time, and stirring speed. Under optimal conditions, the EFs of o-nitrophenol, m-nitrophenol, and p-nitrophenol were 163, 145, and 87, respectively. With good linearity in the range of 5 × 10-7 ~ 1 µg/mL, and the limit of detection of 0.1 pg/mL, the relative standard deviations of the method precision were lower than 7.4%, and the average recoveries were between 98.6 and 106.4%. This method had good selectivity and sensitivity, satisfactory precision, and accuracy and had been successfully applied to the trace detection of real water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dou-Dou Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hong Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Rong Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China.
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Basiry D, Entezari Heravi N, Uluseker C, Kaster KM, Kommedal R, Pala-Ozkok I. The effect of disinfectants and antiseptics on co- and cross-selection of resistance to antibiotics in aquatic environments and wastewater treatment plants. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1050558. [PMID: 36583052 PMCID: PMC9793094 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1050558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to increased use of disinfectants and antiseptics (DAs), resulting in higher concentrations of these compounds in wastewaters, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents and receiving water bodies. Their constant presence in water bodies may lead to development and acquisition of resistance against the DAs. In addition, they may also promote antibiotic resistance (AR) due to cross- and co-selection of AR among bacteria that are exposed to the DAs, which is a highly important issue with regards to human and environmental health. This review addresses this issue and provides an overview of DAs structure together with their modes of action against microorganisms. Relevant examples of the most effective treatment techniques to increase the DAs removal efficiency from wastewater are discussed. Moreover, insight on the resistance mechanisms to DAs and the mechanism of DAs enhancement of cross- and co-selection of ARs are presented. Furthermore, this review discusses the impact of DAs on resistance against antibiotics, the occurrence of DAs in aquatic systems, and DA removal mechanisms in WWTPs, which in principle serve as the final barrier before releasing these compounds into the receiving environment. By recognition of important research gaps, research needs to determine the impact of the majority of DAs in WWTPs and the consequences of their presence and spread of antibiotic resistance were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Basiry
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Nooshin Entezari Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Cansu Uluseker
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Krista Michelle Kaster
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Roald Kommedal
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ilke Pala-Ozkok
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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Neven L, Barich H, Sleegers N, Cánovas R, Debruyne G, De Wael K. Development of a combi-electrosensor for the detection of phenol by combining photoelectrochemistry and square wave voltammetry. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1206:339732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zhu W, Zhao NJ, Yang RF, Chen YN, Chen XW, Yin GF, Liu JG, Liu WQ. Simultaneous measurement of phenols by three-way fluorescence spectroscopy: A comparison of N-PLS/RBL, U-PLS/RBL and PARAFAC. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 239:118511. [PMID: 32480275 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phenol, o-cresol, p-cresol, catechol and resorcinol are five phenolic compounds with extremely similar structure. Their fluorescence spectra are hard to be analyzed because of the serious spectral overlaps between any two of the five phenolic components in the mixture system. In this experiment, multi-dimensional partial least-squares (N-PLS), unfolded partial least-squares (U-PLS) with residual bilinearization (RBL) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) are employed to analyze the three-way fluorescence spectra aiming to achieve quantitative results. Meanwhile, a contrast of these three methods is given. The experiment results show that N-PLS/RBL and U-PLS/RBL algorithms are superior to PARARFAC in terms of analysis of highly overlapping three-way fluorescence spectra for concentration determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Nan Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Rui Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Yu Nan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xiao Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Gao Fang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Jian Guo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Wen Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
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Samadi A, Jouyban A, Amirhaghiian N, Tayebi-Khosroshahi H. In situ Surfactant-based Solid Phase Microextraction of p-cresol in Human Plasma Prior to HPLC Analysis. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411015666190617105034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Uremia is the outcome of the remaining of nitrogenous waste products that are normally removed by the kidneys. Para-cresol (4-methylphenol) can be regarded as a proteinbound uremic toxin. The p-cresol determination in sera is necessary since it is a marker of cardiovascular risk and overall mortality in hemodialysis patients. Among the reported methods, chromatographic ones especially HPLC techniques due to the high sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility have been extensively exploited in analysis of p-cresol in complex mixtures. However, an appropriate sample preparation prior to analysis is necessary for obtaining accurate and precise results.Methods:In this study, the appropriate precipitating agent for p-cresol determination in plasma samples was investigated. Then, in situ surfactant-based solid phase microextraction followed by HPLCFL detection was developed and validated for the quantification of p-cresol in plasma samples.Results:According to the results, HCl/heat precipitation method was used for p-cresol microextraction from from plasma samples. In situ surfactant-based solid phase microextraction using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as extraction medium was proposed for pretreatment of plasma samples prior to analysis. The separation was achieved by isocratic elution with sodium acetate buffer (pH 3.8) and acetonitrile (20:80, v/v). Linearity was found to be acceptable over the concentration ranges of 0.5 to 8 μg mL-1 with the limit of detection and quantification of 0.324 and 0.422 μg mL-1, respectively. The variations for intra-day and inter-day precisions were both less than 8.2% and the extraction recoveries were more than 97%.Conclusion:A validated ISS-SPME followed by HPLC-FL detection reported to determine the total p-cresol concentration of human plasma samples. The traditional liquid-liquid extraction techniques are normally time consuming and require the use of large amounts of toxic organic solvents. In addition, the evaporation of extraction solvent and dissolving the analyte in the mobile phase is commonly used before HPLC analysis. Such a requirement makes the sample preparation process even more tedious and time consuming. ISS-SPME that is the developed ISS-SPE in micro scale, is a simple, rapid and effective sample preparation technique that is appropriate for HPLC-FL analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Samadi
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Negar Amirhaghiian
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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7
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Zhou X, Xie Y, Zhao Z, Fu W. A simple strategy based on fibers coated with surfactant-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes to improve the properties of solid-phase microextraction of phenols in aqueous solution. BMC Chem 2020; 14:15. [PMID: 32099973 PMCID: PMC7029595 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-020-00665-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Methods and experiments In this study, a functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-coated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber was developed for concentrating analytes in aqueous samples. Sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) was used as a dispersing agent for non-covalent modification of MWCNTs. The coating showed porous structure and large adsorption capacity. To investigate the capability of this MWCNTs/NaDC SPME fiber, it was applied to the analysis of phenols in aqueous solution. After extraction, the analytes were desorbed in an acetonitrile–water solution and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results The MWCNTs/NaDC fiber exhibited good analytical performance, and fine preparation reproducibility was obtained with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 4.9% to 10.2% (n = 6) in one batch, from 5.7% to 11.9% (n = 3) among different batches. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the detection limits were 0.15–0.30 ng/mL(S/N = 3), the linear detection ranges were 1–100 ng/mL (R2 ≥ 0.9997) for these analytes, and good recoveries (80.3–95.4%) were obtained for the spiked samples. Conclusion This is a simple and accurate pretreatment method for the analysis of phenols in aqueous samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Zhou
- 1Analytical and Testing Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China.,2College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Yanli Xie
- 1Analytical and Testing Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Zhendong Zhao
- 1Analytical and Testing Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Wenyan Fu
- 2College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
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8
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In-situ growth of zinc-aluminum-layered double hydroxide on nanoporous anodized aluminum bar for stir-bar sorptive extraction of phenolic acids. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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9
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Makoś P, Przyjazny A, Boczkaj G. Methods of assaying volatile oxygenated organic compounds in effluent samples by gas chromatography—A review. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1592:143-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Xu J, Kralles ZT, Dai N. Effects of Sunlight on the Trichloronitromethane Formation Potential of Wastewater Effluents: Dependence on Nitrite Concentration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:4285-4294. [PMID: 30913390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of sunlight irradiation on the trichloronitromethane formation potential (TCNM-FP) of wastewater effluents and the roles of nitrite and nitrate in this process. Using disinfected secondary effluents from four treatment plants, we observed that sunlight irradiation (320 W/m2) for 8 h attenuated the TCNM-FP by 17-47% for 9 of 14 samples but increased the TCNM-FP for two of the other samples. A longer irradiation time (≤36 h) further reduced the TCNM-FP in a non-nitrified effluent with low nitrite and nitrate concentrations but increased the TCNM-FP in two nitrified effluents by 2-3-fold. When nitrite (0.1-2 mg N/L) was spiked into effluent samples, an increase in the TCNM-FP after irradiation was observed. The higher the nitrite concentration, the greater the increase in the TCNM-FP. In the presence of ∼1 mg N/L of nitrite, sunlight irradiation for 8 h increased the TCNM-FP of four wastewater samples by 0.3-3.6 μg/mg C. In contrast, the spike of nitrate up to 20 mg N/L had no effect. The nitrite-sunlight effect was also observed for four model precursors (humic acid, tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenol). Humic acid and tryptophan featured larger increases in the TCNM-FP compared to those of tyrosine and phenol after sunlight irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Xu
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering , University at Buffalo, the State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260 , United States
| | - Zachary T Kralles
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering , University at Buffalo, the State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260 , United States
| | - Ning Dai
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering , University at Buffalo, the State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260 , United States
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11
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Cittan M, Çelik A. Development and Validation of an Analytical Methodology Based on Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Simultaneous Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Olive Leaf Extract. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 56:336-343. [PMID: 29373655 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A simple method was validated for the analysis of 31 phenolic compounds using liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of phenolic compounds in an olive leaf extract and 24 compounds were analyzed quantitatively. Olive biophenols were extracted from olive leaves by using microwave-assisted extraction with acceptable recovery values between 78.1 and 108.7%. Good linearities were obtained with correlation coefficients over 0.9916 from calibration curves of the phenolic compounds. The limits of quantifications were from 0.14 to 3.2 μg g-1. Intra-day and inter-day precision studies indicated that the proposed method was repeatable. As a result, it was confirmed that the proposed method was highly reliable for determination of the phenolic species in olive leaf extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Cittan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Şehit Prof. Dr. İlhan Varank Campus, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45140 Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkey.,Applied Science Research Center, Şehit Prof. Dr. İlhan Varank Campus, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45140 Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Ali Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Campus, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45140 Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkey
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12
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Ghani M, Palomino Cabello C, Saraji M, Manuel Estela J, Cerdà V, Turnes Palomino G, Maya F. Automated solid-phase extraction of phenolic acids using layered double hydroxide-alumina-polymer disks. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2012-2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ghani
- Department of Chemistry; University of the Balearic Islands; Palma de Mallorca Spain
- Department of Chemistry; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Saraji
- Department of Chemistry; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
| | - Jose Manuel Estela
- Department of Chemistry; University of the Balearic Islands; Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Víctor Cerdà
- Department of Chemistry; University of the Balearic Islands; Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Gemma Turnes Palomino
- Department of Chemistry; University of the Balearic Islands; Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Fernando Maya
- Department of Chemistry; University of the Balearic Islands; Palma de Mallorca Spain
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13
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Amiri A, Zonoz FM, Targhoo A, Saadati-Moshtaghin HR. Enrichment of phenolic compounds from water samples by using magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with a Keggin type heteropoly acid of type H6[BFe(OH2)W11O39] as a sorbent. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Sadri M, Vatani H. Ionic Liquid-Mediated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Polydimethylsiloxane Fiber for Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction of Phenolic Compounds in Aqueous Samples by Gas Chromatography Coupled to Flame Ionization Detector. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 55:174-181. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Ghani M, Frizzarin RM, Maya F, Cerdà V. In-syringe extraction using dissolvable layered double hydroxide-polymer sponges templated from hierarchically porous coordination polymers. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1453:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Boczkaj G, Makoś P, Przyjazny A. Application of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for the determination of oxygenated volatile organic compounds in effluents from the production of petroleum bitumen. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2604-15. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Chemical Faculty, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering; Gdansk University of Technology; Poland
| | - Patrycja Makoś
- Chemical Faculty, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering; Gdansk University of Technology; Poland
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17
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Abolghasemi MM, Hassani S, Rafiee E, Yousefi V. Nanoscale-supported heteropoly acid as a new fiber coating for solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1381:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Saraji M, Ghani M. Dissolvable layered double hydroxide coated magnetic nanoparticles for extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of phenolic acids in fruit juices. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1366:24-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Negash N, Alemu H, Tessema M. Flow Injection Amperometric Determination of Phenol and Chlorophenols at Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2014.53023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Song G, Zhu C, Hu Y, Chen J, Cheng H. Determination of organic pollutants in coking wastewater by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction/GC/MS. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1644-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201201151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Song
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering; Fudan University; Shanghai P. R. China
- Center for Analysis & Measurement; Fudan University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Shanghai Baosteel Chemical Co. Ltd; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yaoming Hu
- Center for Analysis & Measurement; Fudan University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering; Fudan University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry; Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou P. R. China
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Hou F, Deng T, Jiang X. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of phenolic compounds using solidified floating organic droplets, and their determination by HPLC. Mikrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-012-0937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Guo X, Deng L, Wang J. Oligonucleotide-stabilized silver nanoclusters as fluorescent probes for sensitive detection of hydroquinone. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21615a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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23
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Spietelun A, Kloskowski A, Chrzanowski W, Namieśnik J. Understanding solid-phase microextraction: key factors influencing the extraction process and trends in improving the technique. Chem Rev 2012; 113:1667-85. [PMID: 23273266 DOI: 10.1021/cr300148j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Spietelun
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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24
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Wu J, Rickert WS, Masters A. An improved high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection method for the analysis of major phenolic compounds in cigarette smoke and smokeless tobacco products. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1264:40-7. [PMID: 23062878 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An improved HPLC method has been developed for the determination of major phenolic compounds in cigarette smoke. A novel reversed phase column with a pentafluorophenylpropyl (PFP) ligand in the stationary phase was chosen to separate the positional isomers (p-, m-, and o-cresols). Methanol instead of acetonitrile was used as the organic mobile phase component to improve the separation of the isomers and cope with the crisis of global acetonitrile shortage in 2009. A shorter analytical column with smaller particle size was used to further increase separation efficiency and reduces solvent consumption. These improvements have led to a new HPLC method that is simpler and faster than the GC-MS method and more sensitive, selective and efficient than the widely used traditional HPLC method. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of this method are at the ng/mL level for most of the phenols with good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.999) and precision (RSD<15%). The method has been validated using reference tobacco products. The mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke yields of phenolic compounds obtained by this method are comparable to those obtained by traditional HPLC method with the advantage that p-, m-, and o-cresols can be determined and reported separately by the new method. The method can also be applied for analysis of phenols in smokeless tobacco product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcun Wu
- Labstat International ULC, 262 Manitou Drive, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada N2C 1L3.
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Olujimi O, Fatoki O, Odendaal J, Daso A. Chemical monitoring and temporal variation in levels of endocrine disrupting chemicals (priority phenols and phthalate esters) from selected wastewater treatment plant and freshwater systems in Republic of South Africa. Microchem J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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26
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Eisapour M, Shemirani F, Majidi B, Baghdadi M. Ultrasound assisted cold-induced aggregation: an improved method for trace determination of volatile phenol. Mikrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-012-0783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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Polyethylene glycol-coated solid-phase microextraction fibres for the extraction of polar analytes—A review. Talanta 2011; 87:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Jiang X, Zhang H, Chen X. Determination of phenolic compounds in water samples by HPLC following ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and cold-induced aggregation. Mikrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-011-0672-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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29
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WANG L, ZHU H, SUN YT, XU YJ, WANG QW, YAN YS. Determination of Trace Chlorophenols Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Water Sample Using [Bmim]BF4-NaH2PO4 Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction System Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(10)60437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Djozan D, Farajzadeh MA, Sorouraddin SM, Baheri T. Synthesis and Application of High Selective Monolithic Fibers Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for SPME of Trace Methamphetamine. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-1984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Amini R, Rouhollahi A, Adibi M, Mehdinia A. A novel reusable ionic liquid chemically bonded fused-silica fiber for headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-flame ionization detection of methyl tert-butyl ether in a gasoline sample. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:130-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Zeng J, Zou J, Song X, Chen J, Ji J, Wang B, Wang Y, Ha J, Chen X. A new strategy for basic drug extraction in aqueous medium using electrochemically enhanced solid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1218:191-6. [PMID: 21159350 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This work describes an electrochemically enhanced solid-phase microextraction (EE-SPME) method using a mild negative potential (-0.6 V) for the enhanced extraction of the selected basic drugs in a pure aqueous matrix and urine samples. The EE-SPME method gave a more effective extraction of drugs (primarily via electrophoresis and complementary charge interaction) compared to that obtained with SPME (without applying a potential, and which is based on passive partitioning). The EE-SPME method eliminated the need for alkalizing, derivatizing the drugs, or modifying the fiber coating before extraction. The analysis of methamphetamine (MA) and amphetamine (AM) was selected as a typical example to demonstrate in detail the advantages of EE-SPME over SPME. Based on the results obtained, 3-min extraction efficiency for both the amphetamines using EE-SPME was better than that of 30-min using SPME. The developed EE-SPME-GC method exhibited wide linear ranges (2-1000 ng mL(-1)) for both the amphetamines with R(2) larger than 0.99, and the method detection limits (MDLs) for AM and MA were 0.26 and 0.12 ng mL(-1), respectively. In addition, the EE-SPME method developed was also successfully applied to enhance the extraction of several other basic drugs (ephedrine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), atropine, methadone, cocaine, codeine, acetylcodeine and papaverine) with preconcentration factors from 157 to 2199, indicating the potential applicability of this method in the field of forensic, clinical and pharmaceutical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbin Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and the Key Laboratory of Analytical Sciences of Xiamen University, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Jia C, Zhu X, Zhao E, Yu P, He M, Chen L. Application of SPME Based on a Stainless Steel Wire for the Determination of Pyrethroid Insecticide Residues in Water and Soil. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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34
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Djozan D, Ebrahimi B, Mahkam M, Farajzadeh MA. Evaluation of a new method for chemical coating of aluminum wire with molecularly imprinted polymer layer. Application for the fabrication of triazines selective solid-phase microextraction fiber. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 674:40-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 05/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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35
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Augusto F, Carasek E, Silva RGC, Rivellino SR, Batista AD, Martendal E. New sorbents for extraction and microextraction techniques. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2533-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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36
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Solid-phase microextraction using a diglycidyloxycalix[4]arene coated fiber combined with gas chromatography: very simple, rapid and sensitive method for the determination of chlorobenzenes in water. Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-009-0276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Spietelun A, Pilarczyk M, Kloskowski A, Namieśnik J. Current trends in solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibre coatings. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:4524-37. [DOI: 10.1039/c003335a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Extraction of phenolic compounds from environmental water samples using oil-in-water emulsions. Mikrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-009-0242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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39
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Preparation and evaluation of molecularly imprinted solid-phase microextraction fibers for selective extraction of bisphenol A in complex samples. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5647-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2008] [Revised: 05/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Djozan D, Mahkam M, Ebrahimi B. Preparation and binding study of solid-phase microextraction fiber on the basis of ametryn-imprinted polymer. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2211-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Revised: 12/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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Li Q, Wang X, Yuan D. Preparation of solid-phase microextraction fiber coated with single-walled carbon nanotubes by electrophoretic deposition and its application in extracting phenols from aqueous samples. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:1305-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 12/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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42
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Liu W, Zhang L, Chen S, Duan H, Chen X, Wei Z, Chen G. A method by homemade OH/TSO-PMHS fibre solid-phase microextraction coupling with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for analysis of antiestrogens in biological matrices. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 631:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Data on the structure and recognition properties of the template-selective binding sites in semi-IPN-based molecularly imprinted polymer membranes. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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44
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Faster and simpler determination of chlorophenols in water by fiber introduction mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 620:97-102. [PMID: 18558129 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Revised: 04/11/2008] [Accepted: 05/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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45
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Zeng J, Chen J, Lin Z, Chen W, Chen X, Wang X. Development of polymethylphenylsiloxane-coated fiber for solid-phase microextraction and its analytical application of qualitative and semi-quantitative of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides in vegetables. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 619:59-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Revised: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 02/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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46
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Djozan D, Ebrahimi B. Preparation of new solid phase micro extraction fiber on the basis of atrazine-molecular imprinted polymer: Application for GC and GC/MS screening of triazine herbicides in water, rice and onion. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 616:152-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Revised: 04/13/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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47
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ZHAO GH, TANG YT, LIU MC, LEI YZ, XIAO XE. Direct and Simultaneous Determination of Phenol, Hydroquinone and Nitrophenol at Boron-Doped Diamond Film Electrode. CHINESE J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200790267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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48
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Larreta J, Usobiaga A, Etxebarria N, Arana G, Zuloaga O. Optimisation of the on-fibre derivatisation of volatile fatty acids in the simultaneous determination together with phenols and indoles in cow slurries. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:1603-9. [PMID: 17786410 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1545-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Revised: 08/01/2007] [Accepted: 08/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The on-fibre derivatisation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) using N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) was optimised in the simultaneous determination of VFAs together with phenols and indoles by headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME)-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Firstly, the nature of the SPME fibre was optimised and four different fibres were studied (100 microm polydimethylsiloxane, 85 microm Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane, 5/30 microm divinylbenzene/Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane and 85 microm polyacrylate). The optimum fibre (50/30 microm divinylbenzene/Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane) was used to study the exposure time of the fibre to the derivatisation agent and the desorption time and temperature. Firstly, a factorial design was built but since the three variables had a significant effect, a central composite design was used to build the response surfaces. The best signals were obtained after the exposure of the fibre in the headspace of the MTBSTFA derivatisation reagent for 1 h and desorption at 300 degrees C for 9 min. The determination of underivatised phenols and indoles was not affected by the presence of the derivatisation reagent in the fibre.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Larreta
- Kimika Analitikoa Saila, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 644 P.K., 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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50
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Lei Y, Zhao G, Liu M, Xiao X, Tang Y, Li D. Simple and Feasible Simultaneous Determination of Three Phenolic Pollutants on Boron-Doped Diamond Film Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200703960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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