Direct determination of lead in produced waters from petroleum exploration by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry X-ray fluorescence using Ir–W permanent modifier combined with hydrofluoric acid

Effects of oilfield-produced water discharge on the spatial patterns of microbial communities in arid soils

Recently intensified oil exploitation has resulted in the discharge of large amounts of wastewater containing high concentrations of organic matter and nutrients into the receiving aquatic and soil environments; however, the effects of oilfield-produced water on the soil microbiota are poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis to reveal the composition and diversity of the microbial community at horizontal and vertical scales in a typical arid soil receiving oilfield-produced water in Northwest China. Oilfield-produced water caused an increase in microbial diversity at the horizontal scale, and the communities in the topsoil were more variable than those in the subsoil. Additionally, the microbial taxonomic composition differed significantly between the near- and far-producing water soils, with Proteobacteria and Halobacterota dominating the water-affected and reference soil communities, respectively. Soil property analysis revealed that pH, salt, and total organic content influenced the bacterial communities. Furthermore, the oil-produced water promoted the complexity and modularity of distance-associated microbial networks, indicating positive interactions for soil ecosystem function, but not for irrigation or livestock watering. This is the first detailed examination of the microbial communities in soil receiving oilfield-produced water, providing new insights for understanding the microbial spatial distributions in receiving arid soils.

Use of Functionalized Resin for Matrix Separation and Trace Elements Determination in Petroleum Produced Formation Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

This work approaches the development of a procedure for separation and determination of five trace metals (Co, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cu) from petroleum produced formation water. This procedure uses a styrene divinyl-benzene polymeric resin modified with 4-(5′-bromo-2′-tiazolilazo) orcinol, and the determination was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A response surface methodology using a Doehlert matrix was used to optimize the solid-phase extraction of the studied elements. By using 50.0 mL of sample solution for separation/preconcentration, limits of quantification of 2.4, 14, 10, 11, and 350 ng L− 1 were obtained for Co, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cu, respectively. The developed procedure was applied for determination of these trace elements in produced formation water from offshore platforms in the Brazilian Northeast.