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Alzahrani AR, Hosny N, Mohamed DI, Abo Nahas HH, Albogami A, Al-Hazani TMI, Ibrahim IAA, Falemban AH, Bamagous GA, Saied EM. Unveiling the multifaceted antiproliferative efficacy of Cichorium endivia root extract by dual modulation of apoptotic and inflammatory genes, inducing cell cycle arrest, and targeting COX-2. RSC Adv 2024; 14:19400-19427. [PMID: 38887636 PMCID: PMC11182420 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02131b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chicory (Cichorium endivia L. divaricatum) is a renowned medicinal plant traditionally used for various ailments, yet the pharmacological potential of its roots, particularly in terms of antitumor activity, remains elusive. In the present study, we explore, for the first time, the metabolomic profile of ethanolic extract from Cichorium endivia roots (CIR) and further unveil its antiproliferative potential. The untargeted phytochemical analysis UPLC/T-TOF-MS/MS identified 131 metabolites in the CIR extract, covering acids, amino acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, nucleotides, and carbohydrates. The antiproliferative activity of the CIR extract was tested in 14 cancer cell lines, revealing significant cytotoxicity (IC50: 2.85-29.15 μg mL-1) and a high selectivity index. Among the cells examined, the CIR extract recorded the most potent antiproliferative activity and selectivity toward HepG2 and Panc-1 cells, with an IC50 of 2.85 μg mL-1 and 3.86 μg mL-1, respectively, and SI > 10. Insights into the mode of action of the antiproliferative activity revealed that CIR extract induces cell arrest in the S phase while diminishing cell distribution in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases in HepG-2 and Panc-1 cells. Flow cytometric and RT-PCR analysis revealed that the CIR extract significantly triggers apoptosis and modulates the expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes. Furthermore, the CIR extract exhibited a pronounced anti-inflammatory activity, as evidenced by down-regulating key cytokines in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and selectively inhibiting the COX-2 enzyme. Finally, the CIR extract showed a robust total antioxidant capacity, together with potent free radicals and metal scavenging properties, highlighting its role in alleviating oxidative stress. Taken together, this study highlights the multifaceted therapeutic potential of CIR extract as a natural-based antitumor supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah R Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Hosny
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University Ismailia 41522 Egypt
- Center of Excellence in Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University Ismailia Egypt
| | - Doaa I Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | | | - Abdulaziz Albogami
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University Al Aqiq Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Mohamed Ibrahim Al-Hazani
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University P. O. Box: 83 Al-Kharj 11940 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Hisham Falemban
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazi A Bamagous
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Essa M Saied
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University 41522 Ismailia Egypt
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin 12489 Berlin Germany
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Mushtaq S, Arockiaraj M, Fiona JC, Jency J, Balasubramanian K. Topological properties, entropies, stabilities and spectra of armchair versus zigzag coronene-like nanoribbons. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2108518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J. Celin Fiona
- Department of Mathematics, Loyola College, Chennai, India
| | - Joseph Jency
- Department of Mathematics, Loyola College, Chennai, India
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Ethylbenzene oxidation over KIT-6 mesoporous silica-based hybrid supported catalysts. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02825-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Chaudhary V, Sharma S. Study of ethylbenzene oxidation over polymer-silica hybrid supported Co (II) and Cu (II) complexes. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Prabhu S, Nisha YS, Arulperumjothi M, Jeba DSR, Manimozhi V. On detour index of cycloparaphenylene and polyphenylene molecular structures. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15264. [PMID: 34316003 PMCID: PMC8316579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94765-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylene is a particle that comprises a few benzene rings associated with covalent bonds in the para positions to frame a ring-like structure. Similarly, poly (para-phenylenes) are macromolecules that include benzenoid compounds straightforwardly joined to each other by C-C bonds. Because of their remarkable architectural highlights, these structures have fascinated attention from numerous vantage focuses. Descriptors are among the most fundamental segments of prescient quantitative structure-activity and property relationship (QSAR/QSPR) demonstrating examination. They encode chemical data of particles as quantitative numbers, which are utilized to create a mathematical correlation. The nature of a predictive model relies upon great demonstrating insights, yet additionally on the extraction of compound highlights. To a great extent, Molecular topology has exhibited its adequacy in portraying sub-atomic structures and anticipating their properties. It follows a two-dimensional methodology, just thinking about the interior plan, including molecules. Explicit subsets speak the design of every atom of topological descriptors. When all around picked, these descriptors give a unique method of describing an atomic system that can represent the most significant highlights of the molecular structure. Detour index is one such topological descriptor with much application in chemistry, especially in QSAR/QSPR studies. This article presents an exact analytical expression for the detour index of cycloparaphenylene and poly (para-phenylene).
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Prabhu
- grid.252262.30000 0001 0613 6919Department of Mathematics, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, 602117 India
| | - Y. Sherlin Nisha
- Department of Mathematics, Sri Sairam Institute of Technology, Chennai, 600044 India
| | - M. Arulperumjothi
- grid.413015.20000 0004 0505 215XDepartment of Mathematics, Loyola College, University of Madras, Chennai, 600034 India
| | - D. Sagaya Rani Jeba
- grid.252262.30000 0001 0613 6919Department of Mathematics, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, 600123 India
| | - V. Manimozhi
- grid.252262.30000 0001 0613 6919Department of Mathematics, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, 600123 India
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Chaudhary V, Sharma S. Synthesis of polymer‐silica hybrid‐supported catalysts for solvent‐free oxidation of ethylbenzene with TBHP. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasu Chaudhary
- Department of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyIndian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi India
| | - Sweta Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyIndian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi India
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Khoshnevisan K, Maleki H, Honarvarfard E, Baharifar H, Gholami M, Faridbod F, Larijani B, Faridi Majidi R, Khorramizadeh MR. Nanomaterial based electrochemical sensing of the biomarker serotonin: a comprehensive review. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:49. [PMID: 30610391 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review (with 131 references) summarizes the progress made in the past years in the field of nanomaterial based sensing of serotonin (5-HT). An introduction summarizes the significant role of 5-HT as a biomarker for several major diseases, methods for its determination and the various kinds of nanomaterials for use in electrochemical sensing process relies principally on a precise choice of electrodes. The next main section covers nanomaterial based methods for sensing 5-HT, with subsections on electrodes modified with carbon nanotubes, graphene related materials, gold nanomaterials, and by other nanomaterials. A concluding section discusses future perspectives and current challenges of 5-HT determination. Graphical abstract Conceptual design of electrochemical sensing process of the biomarker serotonin by using nanomaterials and the role of 5-HTas biomarker in the body from preclinical to clincal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Khoshnevisan
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1411713137, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1411713137, Iran
| | - Hassan Maleki
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755354, Iran
| | - Elham Honarvarfard
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699-5810, USA
| | - Hadi Baharifar
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Applied Biophotonics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1477893855, Iran
| | - Morteza Gholami
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1411713137, Iran
| | - Farnoush Faridbod
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1411713137, Iran.
| | - Reza Faridi Majidi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755354, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khorramizadeh
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1411713137, Iran. .,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1411713137, Iran.
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Abstract
Understanding and harnessing the interactions between nanoparticles and biological molecules is at the forefront of applications of nanotechnology to modern biology. Metabolomics has emerged as a prominent player in systems biology as a complement to genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. Its focus is the systematic study of metabolite identities and concentration changes in living systems. Despite significant progress over the recent past, important challenges in metabolomics remain, such as the deconvolution of the spectra of complex mixtures with strong overlaps, the sensitive detection of metabolites at low abundance, unambiguous identification of known metabolites, structure determination of unknown metabolites and standardized sample preparation for quantitative comparisons. Recent research has demonstrated that some of these challenges can be substantially alleviated with the help of nanoscience. Nanoparticles in particular have found applications in various areas of bioanalytical chemistry and metabolomics. Their chemical surface properties and increased surface-to-volume ratio endows them with a broad range of binding affinities to biomacromolecules and metabolites. The specific interactions of nanoparticles with metabolites or biomacromolecules help, for example, simplify metabolomics spectra, improve the ionization efficiency for mass spectrometry or reveal relationships between spectral signals that belong to the same molecule. Lessons learned from nanoparticle-assisted metabolomics may also benefit other emerging areas, such as nanotoxicity and nanopharmaceutics.
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He S, He Y, Cheng L, Wu Y, Ke Y. Novel chiral ionic liquids stationary phases for the enantiomer separation of chiral acid by high-performance liquid chromatography. Chirality 2018; 30:670-679. [PMID: 29476561 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Novel chiral ionic liquid stationary phases based on chiral imidazolium were prepared. The ionic liquid chiral selector was synthesized by ring opening of cyclohexene oxide with imidazole or 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole, and then chemically modified by different substitute groups. Chiral stationary phases were prepared by bonding to the surface of silica sphere through thioene "click" reaction. Their enantioselective separations of chiral acids were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography. The retention of acid sample was related to the counterion concentration and showed a typical ion exchange process. The chiral separation abilities of chiral stationary phases were greatly influenced by the substituent group on the chiral selector as well as the mobile phase, which indicated that, besides ion exchange, other interactions such as steric hindrance, π-π interaction, and hydrogen bonding are important for the enantioselectivity. In this report, the influence of bulk solvent components, the effects of varying concentration, and the type of the counterion as well as the proportion of acid and basic additives were investigated in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan He
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunchao He
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingping Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaling Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxiong Ke
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Ma DL, Wang W, Mao Z, Yang C, Chen XP, Lu JJ, Han QB, Leung CH. A tutorial review for employing enzymes for the construction of G-quadruplex-based sensing platforms. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 913:41-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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11
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Białk-Bielińska A, Kumirska J, Borecka M, Caban M, Paszkiewicz M, Pazdro K, Stepnowski P. Selected analytical challenges in the determination of pharmaceuticals in drinking/marine waters and soil/sediment samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 121:271-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Djebbi MA, Braiek M, Hidouri S, Namour P, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Ben Haj Amara A. Novel biohybrids of layered double hydroxide and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity studies. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Zhang M, Mallik AK, Takafuji M, Ihara H, Qiu H. Versatile ligands for high-performance liquid chromatography: An overview of ionic liquid-functionalized stationary phases. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 887:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Whitcombe MJ, Kirsch N, Nicholls IA. Molecular imprinting science and technology: a survey of the literature for the years 2004-2011. J Mol Recognit 2014; 27:297-401. [PMID: 24700625 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a survey of the literature covering the development of molecular imprinting science and technology over the years 2004-2011. In total, 3779 references to the original papers, reviews, edited volumes and monographs from this period are included, along with recently identified uncited materials from prior to 2004, which were omitted in the first instalment of this series covering the years 1930-2003. In the presentation of the assembled references, a section presenting reviews and monographs covering the area is followed by sections describing fundamental aspects of molecular imprinting including the development of novel polymer formats. Thereafter, literature describing efforts to apply these polymeric materials to a range of application areas is presented. Current trends and areas of rapid development are discussed.
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Sanagi MM, Hussain I, Ibrahim WAW, Yahaya N, Kamaruzaman S, Abidin NNZ, Ali I. Micro-extraction of Xenobiotics and Biomolecules from Different Matrices on Nanostructures. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2014.973507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Rahimi M, Noroozian E. Frits coated with nano-structured conducting copolymer for solid-phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples and liquid chromatographic analysis. Talanta 2014; 123:224-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhu T, Park HE, Row KH. PURIFICATION OF LUTEOLIN AND APIGENIN FROM CELERY LEAVES USING HYBRID ORGANIC–INORGANIC MONOLITHIC CARTRIDGE. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.825848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhu
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin , China
- b Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Inha University , Incheon , Korea
| | - Ha Eun Park
- b Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Inha University , Incheon , Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Row
- b Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Inha University , Incheon , Korea
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Zhu T, Lee Y, Row K. Preparation of a hybrid organic-inorganic monolith for extraction and purification of quercetin and myricetin from Chamaecyparis obtusa. Chem Res Chin Univ 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-014-3394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ju L, Zhang G, Zhang X, Jia Z, Gao X, Jiang Y, Yan C, Duerksen-Hughes PJ, Chen FF, Li H, Zhu X, Yang J. Proteomic analysis of cellular response induced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes exposure in A549 cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84974. [PMID: 24454774 PMCID: PMC3891800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The wide application of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) has raised serious concerns about their safety on human health and the environment. However, the potential harmful effects of MWCNT remain unclear and contradictory. To clarify the potentially toxic effects of MWCNT and to elucidate the associated underlying mechanisms, the effects of MWCNT on human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were examined at both the cellular and the protein level. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were examined, followed by a proteomic analysis (2-DE coupled with LC-MS/MS) of the cellular response to MWCNT. Our results demonstrate that MWCNT induces cytotoxicity in A549 cells only at relatively high concentrations and longer exposure time. Within a relatively low dosage range (30 µg/ml) and short time period (24 h), MWCNT treatment does not induce significant cytotoxicity, cell cycle changes, apoptosis, or DNA damage. However, at these low doses and times, MWCNT treatment causes significant changes in protein expression. A total of 106 proteins show altered expression at various time points and dosages, and of these, 52 proteins were further identified by MS. Identified proteins are involved in several cellular processes including proliferation, stress, and cellular skeleton organization. In particular, MWCNT treatment causes increases in actin expression. This increase has the potential to contribute to increased migration capacity and may be mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ju
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Diagnosis and Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanglin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Diagnosis and Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjing Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Diagnosis and Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Diagnosis and Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunlan Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Diagnosis and Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Penelope J. Duerksen-Hughes
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Fanqing Frank Chen
- Life Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Hongjuan Li
- Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinqiang Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (JY); (XZ)
| | - Jun Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Diagnosis and Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- College of Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (JY); (XZ)
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Wang Y, Ouyang J, Baeyens WRG, Delanghe JR. Use of nanomaterials in capillary and microchip electrophoresis. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 4:287-98. [PMID: 17425463 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.4.2.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This review gives an overview of different separation strategies with nanomaterials and their use in capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electrochromatography, as well as in microchip electrophoresis, including metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, fullerene and polymer nanoparticles, as well as silica nanoparticles. The paper highlights the new developments and innovative applications of nanoparticles as pseudostationary phases or immobilized on the capillary surface for CE separation. The separation and characterization of target nanoparticles with different sizes by CE are reviewed likewise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Wang
- Beijing Normal University, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China.
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Zhang Y, Guo Y, Xianyu Y, Chen W, Zhao Y, Jiang X. Nanomaterials for ultrasensitive protein detection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:3802-3819. [PMID: 23740753 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The advances of nanomaterials have provided exciting technologies and novel materials for protein detection, based on the unique properties associated with nanoscale phenomena such as plasmon resonance, catalysis and energy transfer. This article reviews a series of nanomaterials including nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanowires, and nanosheets, and evaluates their performances in the application for protein detection, focusing on approaches that realize ultrasensitive detection. Many of these nanomaterials were used to analyze clinically relevant protein biomarkers. Their detection in the picomolar, femtomolar or even zeptomolar regime has been realized, sometimes even with naked-eye readout. We summarize the detection methods and results according to materials and targets, review the current challenges, and discuss the solution in the context of technological integration such as combining nanomaterials with microfluidics, and classical analytical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, PR China
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Recent advances in graphite powder-based electrodes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:3525-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Augusto F, Hantao LW, Mogollón NG, Braga SC. New materials and trends in sorbents for solid-phase extraction. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sierra I, Pérez-Quintanilla D. Heavy metal complexation on hybrid mesoporous silicas: an approach to analytical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:3792-807. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35221d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Preparation of a novel hyperbranched carbosilane–silica hybrid coating for trace amount detection by solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1256:213-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Zhu T, Row KH. Preparation and applications of hybrid organic-inorganic monoliths: A review. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1294-302. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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28
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Novel sol–gel hybrid methyltrimethoxysilane–tetraethoxysilane as solid phase extraction sorbent for organophosphorus pesticides. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1229:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2011] [Revised: 12/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cheng J, Yang G, Bai L, Liu H, Cheng X, Yang C, Liu Y, Liu M. PREPARATION OF A NOVEL HYBRID MONOLITHIC COLUMN BASED ON ATRP OF GMA CATALYZED BY FeCl2/CCl4 AND APPLICATION IN THE SEPARATION OF PROTEINS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.597062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cheng
- a Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Hebei University , Hebei , China
- b Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province , Hebei , China
| | - Gengliang Yang
- a Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Hebei University , Hebei , China
- b Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province , Hebei , China
| | - Ligai Bai
- a Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Hebei University , Hebei , China
- b Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province , Hebei , China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- a Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Hebei University , Hebei , China
- b Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province , Hebei , China
| | - Xiaokun Cheng
- a Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Hebei University , Hebei , China
- b Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province , Hebei , China
| | - Chunliu Yang
- a Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Hebei University , Hebei , China
- b Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province , Hebei , China
| | - Yankun Liu
- a Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Hebei University , Hebei , China
- b Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province , Hebei , China
| | - Mingquan Liu
- a Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Hebei University , Hebei , China
- b Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province , Hebei , China
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Qian J, Yan S, Xiao Z. Electrochemical biosensor based on CdS nanostructure surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 366:130-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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31
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A dual enzymatic-biosensor for simultaneous determination of glucose and cholesterol in serum and peritoneal macrophages of diabetic mice: Evaluation of the diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis risk. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 707:135-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Chigome S, Torto N. A review of opportunities for electrospun nanofibers in analytical chemistry. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 706:25-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Scida K, Stege PW, Haby G, Messina GA, García CD. Recent applications of carbon-based nanomaterials in analytical chemistry: critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 691:6-17. [PMID: 21458626 PMCID: PMC3088727 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to provide a broad overview of the advantages and limitations of carbon-based nanomaterials with respect to analytical chemistry. Aiming to illustrate the impact of nanomaterials on the development of novel analytical applications, developments reported in the 2005-2010 period have been included and divided into sample preparation, separation, and detection. Within each section, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and composite materials will be addressed specifically. Although only briefly discussed, included is a section highlighting nanomaterials with interesting catalytic properties that can be used in the design of future devices for analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Scida
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, United States of America
| | - Patricia W. Stege
- INQUISAL, Department of Analytical Chemistry, National University of San Luis – CONICET, Chacabuco y Pedernera. D5700BWS. San Luis, Argentina
| | - Gabrielle Haby
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, United States of America
| | - Germán A. Messina
- INQUISAL, Department of Analytical Chemistry, National University of San Luis – CONICET, Chacabuco y Pedernera. D5700BWS. San Luis, Argentina
| | - Carlos D. García
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, United States of America
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Porous monoliths: sorbents for miniaturized extraction in biological analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:3345-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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A sensitive and selective biosensor activated by tailor-designed platinum nanoparticles electrodeposited onto a gold microelectrode. J Solid State Electrochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-010-1178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Development of screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles: Application to voltammetric stripping determination of Pb(II) in non-pretreated natural waters. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Lupu S, Totir N. The optimization of the electrochemical preparation of Pedot-Prussian blue hybrid electrode material and application in electrochemical sensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc2010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical preparation, characterization and analytical applications of a hybrid material consisting of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) conducting polymer and Prussian Blue (PB; iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II)) are presented. The hybrid material was prepared by a two-steps method. In a first step, the organic conducting polymer coating was deposited onto platinum electrode surface from an aqueous solution containing the monomer and ferricyanide ions. In the second step, the resulted modified electrode Pt|PEDOT- FeCN was immersed in an aqueous solution containing Fe3+ ions and the electrode potential was cycled between 0.6 and –0.4 V. The in situ formation of PB inside the PEDOT matrix has been demonstrated using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The hybrid material maintains the electrochemical features of each component, i.e. organic and inorganic components. The inorganic component showed electrochemical activity only for the Prussian blue/Everitt’s salt redox system. The hybrid material displayed electrocatalytic activity towards dopamine oxidation in the presence of a large excess of ascorbic acid.
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Morante-Zarcero S, Sánchez A, Fajardo M, del Hierro I, Sierra I. Voltammetric analysis of Pb(II) in natural waters using a carbon paste electrode modified with 5-mercapto-1-methyltetrazol grafted on hexagonal mesoporous silica. Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-009-0287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lupu S, del Campo FJ, Muñoz FX. Development of microelectrode arrays modified with inorganic–organic composite materials for dopamine electroanalysis. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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40
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Zhang WD, Chen J, Jiang LC, Yu YX, Zhang JQ. A highly sensitive nonenzymatic glucose sensor based on NiO-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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41
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Velamakanni A, Blackwell DL, Yang D, Sonawane S, Addagulla S, Major JS. Synthesis and characterization of functionalized silane-based copolymers for thermally robust polymer–silica hybrids. Polym Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00042f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Sharma MK, Agarwal GS, Rao VK, Upadhyay S, Merwyn S, Gopalan N, Rai GP, Vijayaraghavan R, Prakash S. Amperometric immunosensor based on gold nanoparticles/alumina sol–gel modified screen-printed electrodes for antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein-2. Analyst 2010; 135:608-14. [DOI: 10.1039/b918880k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Carbon monolith: Preparation, characterization and application as microextraction fiber. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5333-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2008] [Revised: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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44
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Barc M, Śliwka-Kaszyńska M. Preparation and evaluation of 1,3-alternate 25,27-bis-(pentafluorobenzyloxy)-26,28-bis-(3-propyloxy)-calix[4]arene-bonded silica gel high performance liquid chromatography stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3954-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mousty C, Forano C, Fleutot S, Dupin JC. Electrochemical Study of Anionic Ferrocene Derivatives Intercalated in Layered Double Hydroxides: Application to Glucose Amperometric Biosensors. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Shtykov SN, Rusanova TY. Nanomaterials and nanotechnologies in chemical and biochemical sensors: Capabilities and applications. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363208120323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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LI J, ZHANG F, WANG J, XU Z, ZENG R. Voltammetric Determination of In 3+ Based on the Bifunctionality of a Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes-Nafion Modified Electrode. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:653-7. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junhua LI
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University
| | - Fuxing ZHANG
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University
| | - Jianqiu WANG
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University
| | - Zhifeng XU
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University
| | - Rongying ZENG
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University
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Jeykumari DRS, Narayanan SS. Fabrication of an amperometric bienzyme biosensing system with neutral red functionalized carbon nanotubes. Analyst 2009; 134:1618-22. [DOI: 10.1039/b820040h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Kaur A, Gupta U. A review on applications of nanoparticles for the preconcentration of environmental pollutants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b901933b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Barry RC, Lin Y, Wang J, Liu G, Timchalk CA. Nanotechnology-based electrochemical sensors for biomonitoring chemical exposures. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2009; 19:1-18. [PMID: 19018275 PMCID: PMC2909474 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2008.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Revised: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of dosimetry measurements and modeling represents a promising strategy for deciphering the relationship between chemical exposure and disease outcome. To support the development and implementation of biological monitoring programs, quantitative technologies for measuring xenobiotic exposure are needed. The development of portable nanotechnology-based electrochemical (EC) sensors has the potential to meet the needs for low cost, rapid, high-throughput, and ultrasensitive detectors for biomonitoring an array of chemical markers. Highly selective EC sensors capable of pM sensitivity, high-throughput and low sample requirements (<50 microl) are discussed. These portable analytical systems have many advantages over currently available technologies, thus potentially representing the next generation of biomonitoring analyzers. This paper highlights research focused on the development of field-deployable analytical instruments based on EC detection. Background information and a general overview of EC detection methods and integrated use of nanomaterials in the development of these sensors are provided. New developments in EC sensors using various types of screen-printed electrodes, integrated nanomaterials, and immunoassays are presented. Recent applications of EC sensors for assessing exposure to pesticides or detecting biomarkers of disease are highlighted to demonstrate the ability to monitor chemical metabolites, enzyme activity, or protein biomarkers of disease. In addition, future considerations and opportunities for advancing the use of EC platforms for dosimetric studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Barry
- aBiological Monitoring and Modeling Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
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