1
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Li J, Shi M, Geng X, Guan Y. A Simple and Low-cost Preliminary Quantification of Target Membrane Protein in Single Cells. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03496-6. [PMID: 37976021 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03496-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
To study the heterogeneity of target membrane proteins in single cells with cellular integrity, we proposed a simple and low-cost method to obtain the copy number of the membrane proteins. HeLa cells were labeled by FITC affinity bodies specifically targeting HER2 membrane proteins. The immunolabeled HeLa cells were quantified by a laboratory-built laser induced fluorescence detector. A series of fluorescent microspheres with known number of FITC molecules on the surface were used to establish the calibration curve, instead of the standard fluorescent solutions, because the morphology of the microspheres was similar to the cells, and the distribution of FITC on the spheres were similar to the distribution of HER2 on the HeLa. The fluorescence intensity of the cells was converted to the molecule number of HER2 by the calibration curve. A capillary electrophoresis system was used to drive the microspheres and cells through the detection window. The copy number of HER2 in HeLa cells ranged from 4,036 to 1,224,920 ± 100 (2.5-97.5%), and the median of copy numbers were 104,438 ± 100 per cell. This method for measuring low-abundance membrane proteins can be utilized for the initial exploration of proteomics in ordinary laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Li
- Department of Instrumentation & Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Deep-sea Composition Detection Technology of Liaoning Province, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Meng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, P.R. China
| | - Xuhui Geng
- Department of Instrumentation & Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- Key Laboratory of Deep-sea Composition Detection Technology of Liaoning Province, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yafeng Guan
- Department of Instrumentation & Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.
- Key Laboratory of Deep-sea Composition Detection Technology of Liaoning Province, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 28 Luhuitou Road, Sanya, 572000, China.
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2
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Nevídalová H, Michalcová L, Glatz Z. Capillary electrophoresis-based immunoassay and aptamer assay: A review. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:414-433. [PMID: 31975407 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the group of techniques called affinity probe CE has been widely used for the detection and the determination of several types of biomolecules with high sensitivity. These techniques combine the low sample consumption and high separation power of CE with the selectivity of the probe to the target molecule. The assays can be defined according to the type of probe used: CE immunoassays, with an antibody as the probe, or aptamer-based CE, with an aptamer as the probe. Immunoassays are generally divided into homogeneous and heterogeneous groups, and homogeneous variant can be further performed in competitive or noncompetitive formats. Interacting partners are free in solution at homogeneous assay, as opposed to heterogeneous analyses, where one of them is immobilized onto a solid support. Highly sensitive fluorescence, chemiluminescence or electrochemical detections were typically used in this type of study. The use of the aptamers as probes has several advantages over antibodies such as shorter generation time, higher thermal stability, lower price, and lower variability. The aptamer-based CE technique was in practice utilized for the determination of proteins in biological fluids and environmentally or clinically important small molecules. Both techniques were also transferred to microchip. This review is focused on theoretical principles of these techniques and a summary of their applications in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Nevídalová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Michalcová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Glatz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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3
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Shi M, Geng X, Wang C, Guan Y. Quantification of Low Copy Number Proteins in Single Cells. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11493-11496. [PMID: 31476854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an ultrasensitive and highly selective method to quantify low copy number intracellular proteins in a single cell using a low-cost laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detector and a BV605 fluorescent probe. Active caspase3 proteins in cells were labeled by corresponding antibody-BV605 fluorescent binding, and a cell was injected into a 20 cm × 50 μm i.d. capillary column, followed by in situ lysis and capillary electrophoresis (CE)-LIF analysis. About seven active caspase3 protein molecules in a detection volume of 91 pL could be detected. In our method, cross-bounding proteins other than active caspase3 could be separated and distinguished by differences of retention time. By using Si photodiode assembly as a fluorescent detector instead of PMT, the dynamic range of the LIF is over 4 orders of magnitude. In this experiment, we found that the number of active caspase3 molecules in 98 single Jurkat cells were from 629 to 12171, reflecting significant heterogeneity among the cells although they were from the same batch. For extended application, it could also be applied to quantify other types of low copy number proteins in a single cell as long as the corresponding antibodies are provided. This high-sensitive method could also be a promising tool for earlier cancer diagnosis and related disease pathway research which is relevant to low copy number proteins. In addition, this low-cost system could also be easily expanded to an array system for high-throughput quantitation of low copy proteins in single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Shi
- Department of Instrumentation & Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road , Dalian 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
| | - Xuhui Geng
- Department of Instrumentation & Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Chengye Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery , The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University , No. 467, Zhongshan Road , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China
| | - Yafeng Guan
- Department of Instrumentation & Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road , Dalian 116023 , China
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4
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Ultrasensitive and accelerated detection of ciguatoxin by capillary electrophoresis via on-line sandwich immunoassay with rotating magnetic field and nanoparticles signal enhancement. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 888:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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5
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Zhang Y, Wu C, Jiang H, Zuo J, Wang X. Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies on molecular recognition of tetrathiafulvalene derivative with P-glycoprotein and drug-resistant leukemia cells. Sci China Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-015-5352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Wang X, Dong J, Ming H, Ai S. Sensing of glycoprotein via a biomimetic sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymers and graphene-Au nanoparticles. Analyst 2014; 138:1219-25. [PMID: 23304694 DOI: 10.1039/c2an36297j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy was proposed for preparing a highly sensitive glycoprotein sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP), which was electropolymerized with o-phenylenediamine and 3-aminophenylboronic acid monohydrate in the presence of template molecules (bovine serum albumin (BSA)). Sensitivity improved dramatically owing to the application of a graphene-Au nanoparticles hybrid as the electrode modifier, and the immobilization of a large amount of 6-ferrocenylhexanethiol, as the electroactive species, onto nanoparticles. The quantification of BSA was realized by detecting the electrochemical oxidation signal of 6-ferrocenylhexanethiol, which was bonded onto the electrode. Under optimized conditions, a good relationship was obtained between the response current and logarithm of BSA concentration in the range of 1.0 × 10(-11) to 1.0 × 10(-5) g mL(-1) with a detection limit of 7.5 × 10(-12) g mL(-1) (S/N = 3). The resulting MIP sensor displayed good selectivity, reproducibility and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
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7
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Deng B, Tian Y, Yu X, Song J, Guo F, Xiao Y, Zhang Z. Laminar flow mediated continuous single-cell analysis on a novel poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic chip. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 820:104-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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8
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Deng B, Wang ZM, Zhou ZH, Liu YM, Yang XL, Song J, Xiao YX. Quantitative study of cellular heterogeneity in doxorubicin uptake and its pharmacological effect on cancer cells. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:1393-401. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University); Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Zhi-Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University); Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Zi-Hao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University); Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Yi-Meng Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh; PA 15261 USA
| | - Xi-Liang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College; Wuhan University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430065 China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology; Wuhan University School of Medicine; Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Yu-Xiu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University); Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan 430071 China
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9
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Yu Q, Wang X, Duan Y. Capillary-Based Three-Dimensional Immunosensor Assembly for High-Performance Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Using Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2014; 86:1518-24. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402973n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Yu
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical &Testing Centre, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
- Department
of Environmental and Food Engineering, Liuzhou Vocational and Technical College, Liuzhou 545006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical &Testing Centre, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical &Testing Centre, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Ding J, Zhang L, Qu F, Ren X, Zhao X, Liu Q. Cell activity analysis by capillary zone electrophoresis combined with specific cell staining. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:455-63. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Zhang Y, Zheng H. NONCOMPETITIVE IMMUNOASSAY FOR FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE IN HUMAN SERUM USING CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS WITH CHEMILUMINESCENCE DETECTION. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2010; 31:193-204. [DOI: 10.1080/10739149.2010.488610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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12
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Ren X, Qu F, Zhang L, Ding J, Liu Q. Continuous intact cell detection and viability determination by CE with dual-wavelength detection. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:324-30. [PMID: 20024918 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We introduce here a method for continuous intact cell detection and viability determination of individual trypan blue stained cells by CE with ultraviolet-visible dual-wavelength detection. To avoid cell aggregation or damage during electrophoresis, cells after staining were fixed with 4% formaldehyde and were continuously introduced into the capillary by EOF. The absorbance of a cell at 590 nm was used to determine its viability. An absorbance of two milli-absorbance unit at 590 nm was the clear cut-off point for living and dead Hela cells in our experiments. Good viability correlation between the conventional trypan blue staining assay and our established CE method (correlation coefficient, R(2)=0.9623) was demonstrated by analysis of cell mixtures with varying proportions of living and dead cells. The CE method was also used to analyze the cytotoxicity of methylmercury, and the results were in good agreement with the trypan blue staining assay and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide methods. Compared with the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide method, our established CE method can be easily automated to report cell viability based on the state of individual cells. Tedious manual cell counting and human error due to investigator bias can be avoided by using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Ren
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
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13
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Yin X, Zhu L, Wang M. Intracellular Labeling Methods for Chip-Based Capillary Electrophoresis. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070802128698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Yin
- a Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lanlan Zhu
- a Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- a Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, P. R. China
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14
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Kostal V, Arriaga EA. Recent advances in the analysis of biological particles by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2578-86. [PMID: 18576409 PMCID: PMC3037010 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This review covers research papers published in the years 2005-2007 that describe the application of capillary electrophoresis to the analysis of biological particles such as whole cells, subcellular organelles, viruses and microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vratislav Kostal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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15
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Huang WH, Ai F, Wang ZL, Cheng JK. Recent advances in single-cell analysis using capillary electrophoresis and microfluidic devices. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 866:104-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Revised: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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16
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Borland LM, Kottegoda S, Phillips KS, Allbritton NL. Chemical analysis of single cells. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2008; 1:191-227. [PMID: 20636079 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.1.031207.113100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemical analysis of single cells requires methods for quickly and quantitatively detecting a diverse array of analytes from extremely small volumes (femtoliters to nanoliters) with very high sensitivity and selectivity. Microelectrophoretic separations, using both traditional capillary electrophoresis and emerging microfluidic methods, are well suited for handling the unique size of single cells and limited numbers of intracellular molecules. Numerous analytes, ranging from small molecules such as amino acids and neurotransmitters to large proteins and subcellular organelles, have been quantified in single cells using microelectrophoretic separation techniques. Microseparation techniques, coupled to varying detection schemes including absorbance and fluorescence detection, electrochemical detection, and mass spectrometry, have allowed researchers to examine a number of processes inside single cells. This review also touches on a promising direction in single cell cytometry: the development of microfluidics for integrated cellular manipulation, chemical processing, and separation of cellular contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Borland
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
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17
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18
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Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Yang F. Analysis of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone by CE with Chemiluminescence Detection Based on Competitive Immunoassay. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Yang F. Non-competitive immunoassay for luteinizing hormone in human serum using capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection. LUMINESCENCE 2007; 22:511-7. [PMID: 17768703 DOI: 10.1002/bio.992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A non-competitive immunoassay based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) with chemiluminescence (CL) detection has been developed for the determination of luteinizing hormone (LH) in human serum. The work involved the development of separation and CL conditions, allowing for routine analysis of serum samples. In this study, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labelled monoclonal anti-LH can catalyse the luminol-hydrogen peroxide reaction. The determined LH can react with excessive amount of HRP-labelled anti-LH. Within 14 min, free enzyme conjugate and immune complex could be separated in alkaline borate buffer by means of a high voltage (15 kV). To improve sensitivity, a series of measures were adopted, including the choice of para-iodophenol as a CL enhancer, unique design in detect window. Under the optimal conditions, the calibration curve for LH was established in the concentration range 1-200 mIU/mL and the detection limit was 0.08 mIU/mL. Compared with ELISA, this method decreased the detection limit by about 12 times, and it has been successfully employed in the determination of LH in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Zhang
- Institute of Analytical Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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20
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Xiao H, Zou H, Pan C, Jiang X, Le XC, Yang L. Quantitative determination of oxidized carbon nanotube probes in yeast by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 580:194-9. [PMID: 17723773 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2006] [Revised: 07/25/2006] [Accepted: 07/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Short oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized with fluorescein isothiocyanate to form carbon nanotube probes (CNTP). The distribution of CNTP in yeast was quantitatively determined by capillary electrophoresis coupled with laser-induced fluorescence detection. The detection sensitivity for CNTP was greatly improved comparing with UV absorbance and Raman detection. The time- and temperature-dependent influx patterns of CNTP into yeast were obtained. The apparent permeability coefficient for influx of CNTP into yeast was calculated, which suggested that CNTP might permeate into yeast through endocytosis. This study implies that CNTP could be a fine drug transporter and might be wildly used in multidrug resistance research and microorganism detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xiao
- National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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21
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Arcibal IG, Santillo MF, Ewing AG. Recent advances in capillary electrophoretic analysis of individual cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 387:51-7. [PMID: 16912862 PMCID: PMC2211411 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2006] [Revised: 07/04/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Because variability exists within populations of cells, single-cell analysis has become increasingly important for probing complex cellular environments. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an excellent technique for identifying and quantifying the contents of single cells owing to its small volume requirements and fast, efficient separations with highly sensitive detection. Recent progress in both whole-cell and subcellular sampling has allowed researchers to study cellular function in the areas of neuroscience, oncology, enzymology, immunology, and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imee G Arcibal
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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22
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Xiao H, Yang L, Zou H, Yang L, Le XC. Analysis of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in single K562 cells by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 387:119-26. [PMID: 16896618 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Revised: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Short oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) were derivatized with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Capillary electrophoresis coupled with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) was then used to separate and detect the fluorescently labeled carbon-nanotube probes (CNTP) in multidrug-resistant cells (K562A) and the parent cells (K562S). Greater expression of P-glycoprotein in K562A cells than in K562S cells was confirmed by use of anti-P-glycoprotein antibody and flow-cytometric analysis. Analyses of CNTP in both cell lines using both CE-LIF and flow cytometry showed that CNTP could traverse the cellular membrane without being pumped out by P-glycoprotein. The CNTP distributed in both cell lines was analyzed at the single cell level and the results were compared with those from analysis of ten cells and of the lysate from bulk cells. The results revealed the CE-LIF method could be used for quantitative analysis of CNT in single cells in studies of drug delivery and multidrug resistance.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/analysis
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Electrophoresis, Capillary/methods
- Endocytosis
- Flow Cytometry
- Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate/chemistry
- Humans
- K562 Cells
- Lasers
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Nanotubes, Carbon/analysis
- Nanotubes, Carbon/chemistry
- Nanotubes, Carbon/ultrastructure
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/chemistry
- Spectrometry, Fluorescence/instrumentation
- Spectrometry, Fluorescence/methods
- Temperature
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xiao
- National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
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23
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Zhang H, Tian S. Advances in immunoanalysis of single cells with capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 387:21-3. [PMID: 16955260 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0674-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Wang Y, Hao D, Stein WD, Yang L. A kinetic study of Rhodamine123 pumping by P-glycoprotein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2006; 1758:1671-6. [PMID: 16854369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2006] [Revised: 05/05/2006] [Accepted: 06/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The MDR1 P-glycoprotein (P-gp) actively extrudes a wide variety of structurally diverse cytotoxic compounds out of the cell, is widely expressed in the epithelial cells of kidney, liver and intestine, and in the endothelial cells of brain and placenta, and plays an important role in drug resistance. We measured the accumulation of Rhodamine 123 (Rho123), a substrate of P-gp, into a drug sensitive and a drug resistant strain of the human leukemia cell line K562, as function of Rho123 concentration. With the aid of a mathematical transformation, we used the accumulation of Rho123 into the sensitive cells as a surrogate measure for the internal concentration of the probe in the resistant cells, and were thus able to measure the kinetic parameters of drug efflux pumping by P-gp. Drug pumping was half-saturated at an external Rho123 concentration of 7.2E-06+/-1.1E-06 M, and displayed a co-operative behaviour with a Hill number of 1.94+/-0.32. Verapamil could be shown to inhibit Rho123 efflux uncompetitively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Wang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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