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Payne EM, Wells SS, Kennedy RT. Continuous and automated slug flow nanoextraction for rapid partition coefficient measurement. Analyst 2021; 146:5722-5731. [PMID: 34515695 PMCID: PMC8442929 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01156a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Octanol-water partition coefficients (log Kow) are widely used in pharmaceutical and environmental chemistry to assess the lipophilicity of compounds. Traditionally log Kow is determined using a shake-flask method that uses milliliters of sample and solvent and requires hours for preparation, extraction, and analysis. Here, we report an automated system for rapid log Kow determination for an array of compounds using slug flow nanoextraction (SFNE) enabled by a microfluidic chip. In the method, an autosampler is used to introduce 1 μL of sample into a microfluidic device that segments the injected volume into a series of 4 nL slugs that are each paired to an adjacent octanol slug. Each octanol-water phase pair is compartmentalized by an immiscible fluorous carrier fluid. During flow, rapid extraction occurs at each octanol-water interface. The resulting linear array of slugs flows into an online UV absorbance detector that is used to determine concentrations in the phases, allowing the log Kow to be measured. The microfluidic device allows toggling between two-phase "aqueous plug" generation (aqueous sample separated by fluorous carrier fluid) and three-phase "phase pair" generation. In this way, online calibration for detection in the aqueous phase can be achieved. The method is applied to determining log Kow for a panel of seven pharmaceutical compounds, including complete calibration curves, at three different pHs in under 2 h using 5 μL of extraction standard and 2.9 μL of octanol per extraction standard analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emory M Payne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA.
| | - Shane S Wells
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA.
| | - Robert T Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA.
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2
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Servis AG, Parsons-Davis T, Moody KJ, Gharibyan N. Transport Modeling of Kinetically Limited Microscale Extraction Systems: Droplet and Supported Liquid Membrane Separations. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna G. Servis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Tashi Parsons-Davis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Kenton J. Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Narek Gharibyan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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Yu X, Chen B, He M, Wang H, Tian S, Hu B. Facile Design of Phase Separation for Microfluidic Droplet-Based Liquid Phase Microextraction as a Front End to Electrothermal Vaporization-ICPMS for the Analysis of Trace Metals in Cells. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10078-10086. [PMID: 30039697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The issue of quantifying trace metals in cells has drawn widespread attention but is threatened with insufficient sensitivity of the instruments, complex cellular matrix and limited cell consumption. In this study, microfluidic droplet-based liquid phase microextraction (LPME), as a miniaturized platform, was developed and combined with electrothermal vaporization (ETV)-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) for the analysis of trace Cd, Hg, Pb, and Bi in cells. A novel and facile design of phase separation region was proposed, which made the phase separation very easily for subsequent ETV-ICPMS detection. Mechanism of the phase separation was carefully discussed using the incompressible formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations. The developed microfluidic droplet-based LPME system exhibited much higher extraction efficiency to target metals than microfluidic stratified flow-based LPME. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection of the proposed microfluidic droplet-based LPME-ETV-ICPMS system were 2.5, 3.9, 5.5, and 3.4 ng L-1 for Cd, Hg, Pb, and Bi, respectively. The accuracy of the developed method was well validated by analyzing the target metals in Certified Reference Materials of GBW07601a human hair. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of target metals in HeLa and HepG2 cells with the recoveries for the spiked samples ranging from 83.5 to 112.3%. Overall, the proposed design is a simple and reliable solution for the phase separation on droplet-chip and the microfluidic droplet-based LPME-ETV-ICPMS combination strategy shows great promise for trace elements analysis in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Man He
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Han Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Songbai Tian
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
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5
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6
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Zhang J, Gong C, Zeng X, Xie J. Continuous flow chemistry: New strategies for preparative inorganic chemistry. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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7
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Nakajima N, Yamada M, Kakegawa S, Seki M. Microfluidic System Enabling Multistep Tuning of Extraction Time Periods for Kinetic Analysis of Droplet-Based Liquid–Liquid Extraction. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5637-43. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Nakajima
- Department of Applied Chemistry
and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33
Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masumi Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry
and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33
Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shunta Kakegawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33
Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Minoru Seki
- Department of Applied Chemistry
and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33
Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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8
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Numerical and experimental investigation of dripping and jetting flow in a coaxial micro-channel. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Gruner P, Riechers B, Chacòn Orellana LA, Brosseau Q, Maes F, Beneyton T, Pekin D, Baret JC. Stabilisers for water-in-fluorinated-oil dispersions: Key properties for microfluidic applications. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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10
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Poulsen CE, Wootton RCR, Wolff A, deMello AJ, Elvira KS. A Microfluidic Platform for the Rapid Determination of Distribution Coefficients by Gravity-Assisted Droplet-Based Liquid–Liquid Extraction. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6265-70. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Esben Poulsen
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Robert C. R. Wootton
- Institute
of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anders Wolff
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andrew J. deMello
- Institute
of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katherine S. Elvira
- Institute
of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Wang K, Qin K, Wang T, Luo G. Ultra-thin liquid film extraction based on a gas–liquid–liquid double emulsion in a microchannel device. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14489a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A gas–liquid–liquid double emulsion with ultra-thin liquid film is proposed for the mass transfer enhancement of an extreme phase ratio system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Kang Qin
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Tao Wang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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12
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Nemer MB, Roberts CC, Hughes LG, Wyatt NB, Brooks CF, Rao R. Drop mass transfer in a microfluidic chip compared to a centrifugal contactor. AIChE J 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rekha Rao
- Sandia National Laboratories; Albuquerque NM 87123
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13
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Lan W, Li S, Wang Y, Luo G. CFD Simulation of Droplet Formation in Microchannels by a Modified Level Set Method. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie403060w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Lan
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- Institute
of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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14
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Hyphenation of optimized microfluidic sample preparation with nano liquid chromatography for faster and greener alkaloid analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 797:50-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Scheiff F, Holbach A, Agar DW. Slug Flow of Ionic Liquids in Capillary Microcontactors: Fluid Dynamic Intensification for Solvent Extraction. Chem Eng Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201200600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Droplet-based microfluidics or digital microfluidics is a subclass of microfluidic devices, wherein droplets are generated using active or passive methods. The active method for generation of droplets involves the use of an external factor such as an electric field for droplet generation. Two techniques that fall in this category are dielectrophoresis (DEP) and electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD). In passive methods, the droplet generation depends on the geometry and dimensions of the device. T-junction and flow focusing methods are examples of passive methods used for generation of droplets. In this chapter the methods used for droplet generation, mixing of contents of droplets, and the manipulation of droplets are described in brief. A review of the applications of digital microfluidics with emphasis on the last decade is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Sharma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, London, UK.
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18
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Droplet Microfluidic Technology: Mirodroplets Formation and Manipulation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(11)60567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Zhang QX, Xu LM, Zhou Y, Wang JX, Chen JF. Preparation of Drug Nanoparticles Using a T-Junction Microchannel System. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie201291r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Xia Zhang
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R.China
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20
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Kamio E, Seike Y, Yoshizawa H, Matsuyama H, Ono T. Microfluidic Extraction of Docosahexaenoic Acid Ethyl Ester: Comparison between Slug Flow and Emulsion. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie102207c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kamio
- Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yu Seike
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Materials, Okayama University, 3-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Yoshizawa
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Materials, Okayama University, 3-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hideto Matsuyama
- Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ono
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Materials, Okayama University, 3-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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21
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Shim JU, Patil SN, Hodgkinson JT, Bowden SD, Spring DR, Welch M, Huck WTS, Hollfelder F, Abell C. Controlling the contents of microdroplets by exploiting the permeability of PDMS. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:1132-7. [PMID: 21298160 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00615g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic device capable of exploiting the permeability of small molecules through polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been fabricated in order to control the contents of microdroplets stored in storage wells. We demonstrate that protein precipitation and crystallization can be triggered by delivery of ethanol from a reservoir channel, thus controlling the protein solubility in microdroplets. Likewise quorum sensing in bacteria was triggered by delivery of the auto-inducer N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (OdDHL) through the PDMS membrane of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-uk Shim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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23
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Abstract
The application of microfluidics in chemistry has gained significant importance in the recent years. Miniaturized chemistry platforms provide controlled fluid transport, rapid chemical reactions, and cost-saving advantages over conventional reactors. The advantages of microfluidics have been clearly established in the field of analytical and bioanalytical sciences and in the field of organic synthesis. It is less true in the field of inorganic chemistry and materials science; however in inorganic chemistry it has mostly been used for the separation and selective extraction of metal ions. Microfluidics has been used in materials science mainly for the improvement of nanoparticle synthesis, namely metal, metal oxide, and semiconductor nanoparticles. Microfluidic devices can also be used for the formulation of more advanced and sophisticated inorganic materials or hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abou-Hassan
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7195 PECSA, Physicochimie des Electrolytes, Colloïdes, Sciences Analytiques, 75005 Paris, France.
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Lan W, Li S, Lu Y, Xu J, Luo G. Controllable preparation of microscale tubes with multiphase co-laminar flow in a double co-axial microdevice. LAB ON A CHIP 2009; 9:3282-3288. [PMID: 19865737 DOI: 10.1039/b913247c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This article describes a simple method for the fabrication of microscale polymer tubes. A double co-axial microchannel device was designed and fabricated. Liquid/liquid/liquid multiphase co-laminar flows were realized in a microchannel by choosing working systems. Three kinds of polymeric solutions were selected as the middle phase while a polyethyleneglycol aqueous solution was used as the inner and outer phases in the microfluidic process. The outer and inner phases acted as extractants of the polymer solvent. A stable double core-annular flow was formed by optimizing the composition of the outer and inner phases, and highly uniform tubes were successfully fabricated by the solvent extraction method. Both the outer diameter of the tubes and the wall thickness could be adjusted from 300 microm to 900 microm and from 40 microm to 150 microm by varying the flux of the fluids and the rolling velocity of the collection roller. In addition, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were successfully encapsulated into the polymer tubes with this technique. This technology has the potential to generate hollow fiber membranes for applications in separation and reaction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Lan
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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27
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Li S, Xu J, Wang Y, Luo G. Liquid-liquid two-phase flow in pore array microstructured devices for scaling-up of nanoparticle preparation. AIChE J 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.11945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Courtois F, Olguin LF, Whyte G, Theberge AB, Huck WTS, Hollfelder F, Abell C. Controlling the Retention of Small Molecules in Emulsion Microdroplets for Use in Cell-Based Assays. Anal Chem 2009; 81:3008-16. [DOI: 10.1021/ac802658n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Courtois
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Luis F. Olguin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Graeme Whyte
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Ashleigh B. Theberge
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Wilhelm T. S. Huck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Florian Hollfelder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Chris Abell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
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29
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Huebner A, Sharma S, Srisa-Art M, Hollfelder F, Edel JB, Demello AJ. Microdroplets: a sea of applications? LAB ON A CHIP 2008; 8:1244-54. [PMID: 18651063 DOI: 10.1039/b806405a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The exploitation of microdroplets produced within microfluidic environments has recently emerged as a new and exciting technological platform for applications within the chemical and biological sciences. Interest in microfluidic systems has been stimulated by a range of fundamental features that accompany system miniaturization. Such features include the ability to process and handle small volumes of fluid, improved analytical performance when compared to macroscale analogues, reduced instrumental footprints, low unit cost, facile integration of functional components and the exploitation of atypical fluid dynamics to control molecules in both time and space. Moreover, microfluidic systems that generate and utilize a stream of sub-nanolitre droplets dispersed within an immiscible continuous phase have the added advantage of allowing ultra-high throughput experimentation and being able to mimic conditions similar to that of a single cell (in terms of volume, pH, and salt concentration) thereby compartmentalizing biological and chemical reactions. This review provides an overview of methods for generating, controlling and manipulating droplets. Furthermore, we discuss key fields of use in which such systems may make a significant impact, with particular emphasis on novel applications in the biological and physical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansgar Huebner
- Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UKCB2 1EW.
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30
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Li S, Xu J, Wang Y, Luo G. Controllable preparation of nanoparticles by drops and plugs flow in a microchannel device. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:4194-9. [PMID: 18335970 DOI: 10.1021/la800107d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Well controlled two-liquid-phase flows in a T-junction microchannel device have been realized. The system of H2SO4 and BaCl2, respectively, in two phases to form BaSO4 nanoparticles was used as a probe to characterize the microscale two-phase flow and transport conditions of a system with interphase mass transfer and chemical reaction. Nanoparticles with narrow size and good dispersibility were produced through drops or plugs flow in the microdevice. As a novel work, the influence of mass transfer and chemical reaction on interfacial tension and flow patterns was discussed based on the experiments. At the same time, the effect of the two-phase flow patterns on the nanoparticle size was also discussed. It was found that the increase of the amount of mass transfer and chemical reaction could change the flow patterns from plugs flow to drops flow. The drop diameter or plug length could be changed in a wide range. Accordingly, a new parameter of mu(0)u(c)/gamma(0)/Q(d) was defined to distinguish the flow patterns. The prepared nanoparticles ranged in size from 10 to 40 nm. Apparently, the particle size decreased with the increase of the drop diameter or plug length. Reasons were discussed based on the mass transfer direction and speed in drops and plugs flow patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Li
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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31
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Mary P, Studer V, Tabeling P. Microfluidic Droplet-Based Liquid−Liquid Extraction. Anal Chem 2008; 80:2680-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac800088s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascaline Mary
- Laboratory of Microfluidics, UMR Gulliver, and the Laboratory of Biology, UMR 7637, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Studer
- Laboratory of Microfluidics, UMR Gulliver, and the Laboratory of Biology, UMR 7637, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Tabeling
- Laboratory of Microfluidics, UMR Gulliver, and the Laboratory of Biology, UMR 7637, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Arata Aota
- Micro Chemistry Group, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology (KAST)
| | - Takehiko Kitamori
- Micro Chemistry Group, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology (KAST)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
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33
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Wang WH, Zhang ZL, Xie YN, Wang L, Yi S, Liu K, Liu J, Pang DW, Zhao XZ. Flow-focusing generation of monodisperse water droplets wrapped by ionic liquid on microfluidic chips: from plug to sphere. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:11924-31. [PMID: 17918864 DOI: 10.1021/la701170s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Generating droplets via microfluidic chips is a promising technology in microanalysis and microsynthesis. To realize room-temperature ionic liquid (IL)-water two-phase studies in microscale, a water-immiscible IL was employed as the continuous phase for the first time to wrap water droplets (either plugs or spheres) on flow-focusing microfluidic chips. The IL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF6]), could wet both hydrophilic and hydrophobic channel surfaces because of its dual role of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity and extremely high viscosity, thus offering the possibility of wrapping water droplets in totally hydrophilic (THI), moderately hydrophilic (MHI), and hydrophobic (HO) channels. The droplet shape could be tuned from plug to sphere, with the volume from 6.3 nL to 65 pL, by adding an orifice in the focusing region, rendering the hydrophilic channel surface hydrophobic, and suppressing the Uw/UIL ratio below 1.0. Three different breakup processes were defined and clarified, in which the sub-steady breakup and steady breakup were essential for the formation of plugs and spheric droplets, respectively. The influences of channel hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity on droplet formation were carefully studied by evaluating the wetting abilities of water and IL on different surfaces. The superiority of IL over water in wetting hydrophobic surface led to the tendency of forming small, spheric aqueous droplets in the hydrophobic channel. This IL-favored droplet-based system represented a high efficiency in water/IL extraction, in which rhodamine 6G was extracted from aqueous droplets to [BMIM][PF6] in the hydrophobic orifice-included (HO-OI) channel in 0.51 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Han Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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Hsu JP, Weng YL, Lee DJ, Tseng S, Su A, Chen CJ. Electrokinetic flow in an elliptic microchannel covered by ion-penetrable membrane. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2006; 53:127-38. [PMID: 16989990 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2006.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2006] [Revised: 07/22/2006] [Accepted: 08/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The electrokinetic flow of an electrolyte solution in an elliptical microchannel covered by an ion-penetrable, charged membrane layer is examined theoretically. The present analysis extends previous results in that a two-dimensional problem is considered, and the system under consideration simulates the flow of a fluid, for example, in a microchannel of biological nature such as vein. The electroosmostic volumetric flow rate, the total electric current, the streaming potential, and the electroviscous effect of the system under consideration are evaluated. We show that, for a constant hydraulic diameter, the variations of these quantities as a function of the aspect ratio of a microchannel may have a local minimum or a local maximum at a medium level of ionic strength, which depends on the thickness of the membrane layer. For a constant cross-sectional area, the electroosmostic volumetric flow rate, the total electric current, and the streaming potential increase monotonically with the increase in the aspect ratio, but the reverse is true for the electroviscous effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh-Ping Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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