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Cornelis MC, Kacprowski T, Menni C, Gustafsson S, Pivin E, Adamski J, Artati A, Eap CB, Ehret G, Friedrich N, Ganna A, Guessous I, Homuth G, Lind L, Magnusson PK, Mangino M, Pedersen NL, Pietzner M, Suhre K, Völzke H, Bochud M, Spector TD, Grabe HJ, Ingelsson E. Genome-wide association study of caffeine metabolites provides new insights to caffeine metabolism and dietary caffeine-consumption behavior. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:5472-5482. [PMID: 27702941 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the world and presents with wide interindividual variation in metabolism. This variation may modify potential adverse or beneficial effects of caffeine on health. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of plasma caffeine, paraxanthine, theophylline, theobromine and paraxanthine/caffeine ratio among up to 9,876 individuals of European ancestry from six population-based studies. A single SNP at 6p23 (near CD83) and several SNPs at 7p21 (near AHR), 15q24 (near CYP1A2) and 19q13.2 (near CYP2A6) met GW-significance (P < 5 × 10-8) and were associated with one or more metabolites. Variants at 7p21 and 15q24 associated with higher plasma caffeine and lower plasma paraxanthine/caffeine (slow caffeine metabolism) were previously associated with lower coffee and caffeine consumption behavior in GWAS. Variants at 19q13.2 associated with higher plasma paraxanthine/caffeine (slow paraxanthine metabolism) were also associated with lower coffee consumption in the UK Biobank (n = 94 343, P < 1.0 × 10-6). Variants at 2p24 (in GCKR), 4q22 (in ABCG2) and 7q11.23 (near POR) that were previously associated with coffee consumption in GWAS were nominally associated with plasma caffeine or its metabolites. Taken together, we have identified genetic factors contributing to variation in caffeine metabolism and confirm an important modulating role of systemic caffeine levels in dietary caffeine consumption behavior. Moreover, candidate genes identified encode proteins with important clinical functions that extend beyond caffeine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn C Cornelis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Tim Kacprowski
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas Hospital, London, UK
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Edward Pivin
- Division of Chronic Diseases, University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Artati
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chin B Eap
- Department of Psychiatry, Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneve, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Georg Ehret
- Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Nele Friedrich
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andrea Ganna
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, USA
| | - Idris Guessous
- Division of Chronic Diseases, University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Unit of Population Epidemiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Georg Homuth
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrik K Magnusson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maik Pietzner
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Division of Chronic Diseases, University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas Hospital, London, UK
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
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Gómez-Martínez LE. Disposition kinetics of caffeine and paraxanthine in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): characterization of the main metabolites. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2011; 60:654-664. [PMID: 20669017 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-010-9571-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive and developmental toxicities of caffeine (CA) reported in mammals have been linked with the characteristics of its kinetic disposition. Because undesirable reproductive effects in fish have also been reported, and considering that CA has been found worldwide at relatively high concentrations in most bodies of waters, this study evaluated the disposition kinetics of CA and its main metabolite paraxanthine (1,7-dimethylxanthine; PX) in Nile tilapia after a single intraperitoneal administration (4 mg/kg). CA showed rapid absorption, first-order elimination with biexponential decay, rapid intercompartmental transfer, wide distribution in almost the entire body water (apparent volume of distribution [Vd(ss)] 0.45 l/kg), terminal elimination half-life (t(1/2) (β)) 4.08 h, and systemic clearance (Cl) 0.75 ml/min/kg; there were no important differences between parameters determined in plasma or in other organs (liver and gills). PX was rapidly formed in liver, showing saturable-kinetic properties in this organ, with V(max) 8.11 μg/g h and K(m) 12.58 μg/g. The terminal elimination linear process was similar between matrices, with a half-life (t(1/2 el)) 2.12 h, Vd(ss) 0.35 l/kg, and Cl 1.24 ml/min/kg. CA in tilapia was extensively metabolized to 1-methyl-uric acid and 1-methyl-xanthine in all of the organs studied. Metabolic and kinetic patterns were comparable with those reported for mammals. The observation of a concentration-dependent kinetic of PX is an important finding. Thus, toxicities of CA in fish would appear to be similar to those in mammals and should be considered in the risk assessments for this species, especially during the early stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth E Gómez-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Unidad Mérida, Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Wang X, Yeung JHK. Effects of the aqueous extract from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge on caffeine pharmacokinetics and liver microsomal CYP1A2 activity in humans and rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 62:1077-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The effects of the aqueous extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) on metabolism/pharmacokinetics of caffeine and on liver microsomal CYP1A2 activity in humans and rats have been investigated.
Methods
The effects of Danshen aqueous extract on CYP1A2 activity were determined by metabolism of model substrates in the rat in vivo and in humans and rats in vitro. HPLC was used to determine model substrates and metabolites.
Key findings
In the rat, single dose Danshen aqueous extract treatment (100 or 200 mg/kg, i.p.) decreased metabolism of caffeine to paraxanthine, with overall decrease in caffeine clearance (6–20%), increase in area under the curve (AUC; 7–24%) and plasma half-life (t½ 14–16%). Fourteen-day Danshen aqueous extract treatment (100 mg/kg/day, i.p. or 200 mg/kg/day, p.o.) decreased caffeine clearance (16–26%), increased AUC (18–31%) and prolonged plasma t½ (8–10%). Aqueous extract of Danshen (125–2000 µg/ml) competitively inhibited human and rat liver microsomal CYP1A2 activity with inhibition constant (Ki) values at 190 and 360 µg/ml, respectively.
Conclusions
These studies demonstrated that Danshen aqueous extract affected the metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates through competitive inhibition and altered their clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - John H K Yeung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
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