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Favilli L, Giacomino A, Malandrino M, Inaudi P, Diana A, Abollino O. Strategies for mercury speciation with single and multi-element approaches by HPLC-ICP-MS. Front Chem 2022; 10:1082956. [PMID: 36531326 PMCID: PMC9754325 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1082956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) and its compounds are highly toxic for humans and ecosystems, and their chemical forms determine both their behavior and transportation as well as their potential toxicity for human beings. Determining the various species of an element is therefore more crucial than understanding its overall concentration in samples. For this reason, several studies focus on the development of new analytical techniques for the identification, characterization, and quantification of Hg compounds. Commercially available, hyphenated technology, such as HPLC-ICP-MS, supports the rapid growth of speciation analysis. This review aims to summarize and critically examine different approaches for the quantification of mercury species in different samples using HPLC-ICP-MS. The steps preceding the quantification of the analyte, namely sampling and pretreatment, will also be addressed. The scenarios evaluated comprehend single and multi-element speciation analysis to create a complete guide about mercury content quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Favilli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Agnese Giacomino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Mery Malandrino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Inaudi
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Aleandro Diana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ornella Abollino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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2
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One-pot fabrication of functional magnetic adsorbent for efficient capture of mercury species in aqueous samples prior to HPLC analysis. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1685:463622. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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3
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Song X, Wu J, Pang J, Wu Y, Huang X. Task specific monolith for magnetic field-reinforced in-tube solid phase microextraction of mercury species in waters prior to online HPLC quantification. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 411:125141. [PMID: 33485231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel sorbent based on task specific monolith doped with Fe3O4 was in situ fabricated in capillary and acted as the extraction medium of magnetic field-reinforced in-tube solid phase microextraction (MFR/IT-SPME) to trap and preconcentrate mercury species which were coordinated with dithizone to form chelates. Various characterization technologies evidenced that the obtained monolithic adsorbent presented porous and super paramagnetic properties, and possessed abundant functional groups. Results evidenced that the implementation of magnetic field during extraction stages enhanced the extraction efficiency of studied Hg chelates from 48.5% to 75.3% to 69.9-94.4%. Under the optimized extraction parameters, the introduced MFR/IT-SPME was online coupled to HPLC/DAD to quantify mercury species at ultra-trace levels in various water samples. Limits of detection varied from 0.0067 μg/L to 0.016 μg/L, and the RSDs for precision were below 7.5%. Additionally, related extraction mechanism was deduced and revealed multiple forces co-contributed to the enrichment. The reliability and accuracy of suggested online approach for speciation analysis of mercury was well proved by confirmatory experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochong Song
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Jiangyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Jinling Pang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Yuanfei Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Xiaojia Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China.
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4
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Simultaneous multi-elemental speciation of As, Hg and Pb by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry interfaced with high-performance liquid chromatography. Food Chem 2020; 313:126119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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5
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Hellmann C, Costa RD, Schmitz OJ. How to Deal with Mercury in Sediments? A Critical Review About Used Methods for the Speciation of Mercury in Sediments. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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6
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Rapid colorimetric detection of mercury using biosynthesized gold nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Speciation of mercury in fish oils using liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Wootton CA, Lam YPY, Willetts M, van Agthoven MA, Barrow MP, Sadler PJ, O Connor PB. Automatic assignment of metal-containing peptides in proteomic LC-MS and MS/MS data sets. Analyst 2017; 142:2029-2037. [PMID: 28513638 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00075h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-containing proteins and enzymes are critical for the maintenance of cellular function and metal-based (metallo)drugs are commonly used for the treatment of many diseases, such as cancer. Detection and characterisation of metallodrug targets is crucial for improving drug-design and therapeutic efficacy. Due to the unique isotopic ratios of many metal species, and the complexity of proteomic samples, standard MS data analysis of these species is unsuitable for accurate assignment. Herein a new method for differentiating metal-containing species within complex LCMS data is presented based upon the Smart Numerical Annotation Procedure (SNAP). SNAP-LC accounts for the change in isotopic envelopes for analytes containing non-standard species, such as metals, and will accurately identify, record, and display the particular spectra within extended LCMS runs that contain target species, and produce accurate lists of matched peaks, greatly assisting the identification and assignment of modified species and tailored to the metals of interest. Analysis of metallated species obtained from tryptic digests of common blood proteins after reactions with three candidate metallodrugs is presented as proof-of-concept examples and demonstrates the effectiveness of SNAP-LC for the fast and accurate elucidation of metallodrug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuko P Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK.
| | | | | | - Mark P Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK.
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK.
| | - Peter B O Connor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK.
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9
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10
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Chen CH, Lin YC, Chang HH, Lee ASY. Ligand-Doped Liquid Crystal Sensor System for Detecting Mercuric Ion in Aqueous Solutions. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4546-51. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Adam Shih-Yuan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
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11
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Rodríguez-Reino MP, Rodríguez-Fernández R, Peña-Vázquez E, Domínguez-González R, Bermejo-Barrera P, Moreda-Piñeiro A. Mercury speciation in seawater by liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry following solid phase extraction pre-concentration by using an ionic imprinted polymer based on methyl-mercury–phenobarbital interaction. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1391:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Cheng H, Wu C, Liu J, Xu Z. Thiol-functionalized silica microspheres for online preconcentration and determination of mercury species in seawater by high performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13941k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiol-functionalized silica microspheres were synthesized from aminosilica for online mercury preconcentration, followed by high performance liquid chromatographic separation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyong Cheng
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Chunling Wu
- Institute of Analytical and Applied Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou
- China
- Qianjiang College
| | - Zigang Xu
- Institute of Analytical and Applied Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
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13
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14
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Hsu KC, Lee CF, Tseng WC, Chao YY, Huang YL. Selective and eco-friendly method for determination of mercury(II) ions in aqueous samples using an on-line AuNPs–PDMS composite microfluidic device/ICP-MS system. Talanta 2014; 128:408-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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15
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Online anion exchange column preconcentration and high performance liquid chromatographic separation with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection for mercury speciation analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 828:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Costas-Mora I, Romero V, Lavilla I, Bendicho C. In Situ Building of a Nanoprobe Based on Fluorescent Carbon Dots for Methylmercury Detection. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4536-43. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500517h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Costas-Mora
- Departamento
de Química
Analítica y Alimentaria, Área de Química Analítica,
Facultad de Química, Universidad de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende
s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Vanesa Romero
- Departamento
de Química
Analítica y Alimentaria, Área de Química Analítica,
Facultad de Química, Universidad de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende
s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Isela Lavilla
- Departamento
de Química
Analítica y Alimentaria, Área de Química Analítica,
Facultad de Química, Universidad de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende
s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos Bendicho
- Departamento
de Química
Analítica y Alimentaria, Área de Química Analítica,
Facultad de Química, Universidad de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende
s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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17
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Soares BM, Pereira ER, Maciel JV, Vieira AA, Duarte FA. Assessment of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the simultaneous extraction, preconcentration, and derivatization of Hg2+
and CH3
Hg+
for further determination by GC-MS. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3411-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M. Soares
- Escola de Química e Alimentos; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; Rio Grande RS Brazil
| | - Ederson R. Pereira
- Escola de Química e Alimentos; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; Rio Grande RS Brazil
| | - Juliana V. Maciel
- Escola de Química e Alimentos; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; Rio Grande RS Brazil
| | - Augusto A. Vieira
- Escola de Química e Alimentos; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; Rio Grande RS Brazil
| | - Fabio A. Duarte
- Escola de Química e Alimentos; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; Rio Grande RS Brazil
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria RS Brazil
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18
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Moreno F, García-Barrera T, Gómez-Ariza J. Simultaneous speciation and preconcentration of ultra trace concentrations of mercury and selenium species in environmental and biological samples by hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction prior to high performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1300:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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19
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Homraruen D, Sirijindalert T, Dubas L, Sukwattanasinitt M, Ajavakom A. Selective fluorescent sensor for mercury ions in aqueous media using a 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Chandrasoma A, Hamid AAA, Bruce AE, Bruce MR, Tripp CP. An infrared spectroscopic based method for mercury(II) detection in aqueous solutions. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 728:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Korolczuk M, Stepniowska A. Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Methylmercury in the Presence of Inorganic Mercury. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Popp M, Hann S, Koellensperger G. Environmental application of elemental speciation analysis based on liquid or gas chromatography hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry—A review. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 668:114-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Leopold K, Foulkes M, Worsfold P. Methods for the determination and speciation of mercury in natural waters--a review. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 663:127-38. [PMID: 20206001 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This review summarises current knowledge on Hg species and their distribution in the hydrosphere and gives typical concentration ranges in open ocean, coastal and estuarine waters, as well as in rivers, lakes, rain and ground waters. The importance of reliable methods for the determination of Hg species in natural waters and the analytical challenges associated with them are discussed. Approaches for sample collection and storage, pre-concentration, separation, and detection are critically compared. The review covers well established methods for total mercury determination and identifies new approaches that offer advantages such as ease of use and reduced risk of contamination. Pre-concentration and separation techniques for Hg speciation are divided into chromatographic and non-chromatographic methods. Derivatisation methods and the coupling of pre-concentration and/or separation methods to suitable detection techniques are also discussed. Techniques for sample pre-treatment, pre-concentration, separation, and quantification of Hg species, together with examples of total Hg determination and Hg speciation analysis in different natural (non-spiked) waters are summarised in tables, with a focus on applications from the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Leopold
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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Chen H, Chen J, Jin X, Wei D. Determination of trace mercury species by high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after cloud point extraction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 172:1282-1287. [PMID: 19716653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive method for speciation analysis of inorganic mercury (Hg(2+)) and methyl mercury (MeHg(+)) has been developed by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after cloud point extraction. The analytes were complexed with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) and preconcentrated by a non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114. Mercury species were effectively separated by HPLC in less than 6 min. The enhancement factors for 25 mL sample solution were 42 and 21, and the limits of detection were 4 and 10 ng L(-1) for Hg(2+) and MeHg(+), respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amount of mercury species in environmental and biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiting Chen
- Ningbo Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Ningbo 315012, China
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25
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Determination of methylmercury and inorganic mercury by coupling short-column ion chromatographic separation, on-line photocatalyst-assisted vapor generation, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:8933-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Yang DY, Truong HYT, Chen YW, Belzile N. Improvements of reliability for methylmercury determination in environmental samples. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 633:157-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Lin LY, Chang LF, Jiang SJ. Speciation analysis of mercury in cereals by liquid chromatography chemical vapor generation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:6868-6872. [PMID: 18646758 DOI: 10.1021/jf801241w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A simple and rapid procedure for the separation and determination of inorganic, methyl, and ethyl mercury compounds was described using liquid chromatography (LC) followed by vapor generation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (VG-ICP-MS). Well resolved chromatograms were obtained within 5 min by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with a C8 column as the stationary phase and a pH 4.7 solution containing 0.5% v/v 2-mercaptoethanol and 5% v/v methanol as the mobile phase. The separated mercury compounds were converted to mercury vapors by an in situ nebulizer/vapor generation system for their introduction into ICP. The concentrations of NaBH4 and HNO3 required for vapor generation were also optimized. The method was applied for the speciation of mercury in reference materials NIST SRM 1568a Rice Flour and NIST SRM 1567a Wheat Flour and also rice flour and wheat flour samples purchased locally. The accuracy of the procedure was verified by analyzing the certified reference material NRCC DOLT-3 Dogfish Liver for methyl mercury. Precision between sample replicates was better than 13% for all the determinations. The detection limits of the mercury compounds studied were in the range 0.003-0.006 ng Hg mL(-1) in the injected solutions, which correspond to 0.02-0.06 ng g(-1) in original flour samples. A microwave-assisted extraction procedure was adopted for the extraction of mercury compounds from rice flour, wheat flour, and fish samples using a mobile phase solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yen Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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28
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Speciation analysis of mercury in seawater from the lagoon of Venice by on-line pre-concentration HPLC–ICP-MS. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 622:62-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Revised: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Geerdink RB, Breidenbach R, Epema OJ. Optimization of headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-atomic emission detection analysis of monomethylmercury. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1174:7-12. [PMID: 17904566 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Revised: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Optimum conditions for headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) in the analysis of monomethylmercury (MeHg) have been determined. Sodium tetra(n-)propylborate (NaBPr(4)) is used as derivatization reagent to promote volatility. A simple aluminium bar was used to cool the SPME fiber to about 2 degrees C during the equilibration phase just before extraction. HS-SPME was performed using different fibers. The 100 microm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and 65 microm polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene (PDMS-DVB) fibers showed the best results. Although the extraction efficiency for MeHg derivative of the polydimethylsiloxane-Carboxen (PDMS-CAR) fiber is similar to the other fibers, desorption of MeHg derivative from a PDMS-CAR fiber is poor. Factors affecting the HS-SPME process such as adsorption and desorption times, ionic strength (salting-out) and extraction temperature have been evaluated and optimized thoroughly. The highest extraction efficiency for the PDMS fiber was obtained by extraction at a low temperature (2 degrees C) immediately after equilibration at 30 degrees C. With the PDMS-DVB and PDMS-CAR fiber improvement of extraction efficiency at lower temperatures is negligible. Repeated extraction out of the same vial revealed that about 30% of MeHg derivative is extracted from the headspace with a PDMS fiber at 2 degrees C and about 70% with a PDMS-DVB fiber. Repeated extraction with two different fiber coatings showed that the PDMS-CAR fiber also extracts about 70% but that the desorption is incomplete. Attempts to improve the desorption failed due to degradation of the MeHg derivate at high injection temperatures. The limit of detection (3sigma) was 16 pg/L MeHg. The relative standard deviation (n = 8) for 100 pg/L of MeHg was found to be 5%. Linearity of the HS-SPME-GC-atomic emission detection method was established over at least two orders of magnitude in the range 0-2000 pg/L. Recovery of a surface water sample spiked at 2 ng/L was 85%. The suitability of the procedure was demonstrated by analysis of a surface water sample that showed a concentration of 100 pg/L MeHg. The optimized method can be used with standard commercial equipment without further adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Bernard Geerdink
- National Institute for Inland Water Management and Waste Water Treatment, RIZA, P.O. Box 17, 8200 AA Lelystad, The Netherlands.
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Speciation analysis of mercury and lead in fish samples using liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1176:143-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Revised: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Castillo A, Roig-Navarro A, Pozo O. Secondary interactions, an unexpected problem emerged between hydroxyl containing analytes and fused silica capillaries in anion-exchange micro-liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1172:179-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2007] [Revised: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Houserová P, Matejícek D, Kubán V. High-performance liquid chromatographic/ion-trap mass spectrometric speciation of aquatic mercury as its pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate complexes. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 596:242-50. [PMID: 17631102 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Revised: 06/06/2007] [Accepted: 06/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mercury-pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate complexes are first time used for speciation of aquatic mercury with high-performance liquid chromatographic/ion trap-mass spectrometric method utilizing atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). The separation of the four mercury species was achieved in less than 5 min with a linear gradient profile of aqueous methanol from 70 up to 100% (v/v) in 4th min, isocratic elution at 100% up to 5th min and followed by a negative gradient to 70% in 6th min. The best separation was achieved on a reverse phase Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 column (50 mm x 2.1 mm i.d., 1.8 microm particle size). The on-column limits of detection (injection volume 1 microL) were 370 pg for methylmercury (MeHg+), 280 pg for ethylmercury (EtHg+), 250 pg for phenylmercury (PhHg+) and 90 pg for inorganic mercury (Hg2+) when the data were collected in selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode. A method of isolation and preconcentration of the mercury species using a "home-made" C18 solid phase extraction (SPE) microcolumns was developed to enhance sensitivity of the method. The preconcentration factor as much as 2500 was achieved with on-column complex formation of mercury-pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate. Methanol (100%) was chosen for elution of preconcentrated mercury species. The method was applied for the determination of mercury species in river water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Houserová
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelská 1, Brno, CZ 613 00, Czech Republic
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:689-700. [PMID: 17474104 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Vermillion BR, Hudson RJM. Thiourea catalysis of MeHg ligand exchange between natural dissolved organic matter and a thiol-functionalized resin: a novel method of matrix removal and MeHg preconcentration for ultratrace Hg speciation analysis in freshwaters. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 388:341-52. [PMID: 17342536 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2006] [Revised: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ultratrace analysis of dissolved MeHg in freshwaters requires both dissociation of MeHg from strong ligands in the sample matrix and preconcentration for detection. Existing solid phase extraction methods generally do not efficiently adsorb MeHg from samples containing high concentrations of natural dissolved organic matter. We demonstrate here that the addition of 10-60 mM thiourea (TU) quantitatively releases MeHg from the dissolved matrix of freshwater samples by forming a more labile complex (MeHgTU+) that quantitatively exchanges MeHg with thiol-functionalized resins at pH approximately 3.5 during column loading. The contents of these columns were efficiently eluted with acidified TU and MeHg was analyzed by Hg-TU complex ion chromatography with cold-vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry detection. Routinely more than 90% of MeHg was recovered with good precision (average relative standard deviation of 6%) from natural waters-obtained from pools and saturated sediments of wetlands and from rivers-containing up to 68.7 mg C L-1 dissolved organic matter. With the preconcentration step, the method detection limit of 0.29 pg absolute or 0.007 ng L-1 in 40-mL samples is equivalent to that of the current state-of-the- art as practiced by skilled analysts. MeHg in 20-50-mL samples was completely trapped. On the basis of our knowledge of the chemistry of the process, breakthrough volume should depend on the concentrations of TU and H+. At a TU concentration of 12 mM breakthrough occurred between 50 and 100 mL, but overall adsorption efficiency was still 85% at 100 mL. Formation of artifactual MeHg is minimal; only about 0.7% of ambient MeHg is artifactual as estimated from samples spiked with 4 microg L-1 HgII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Vermillion
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, W512A Turner Hall, 1102 South Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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